Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to assess whether axial length (AXL) is a true risk factor for steroid-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). We hypothesized that the proportion of patients with steroid-induced OHT among individuals who have received intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) injections would differ according to the AXL of their eyes. Materials and Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted on 467 eyes that underwent DEX implant injection owing to various retinal diseases. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before the injection and 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the injection. Enrolled patients were divided into OHT and normal IOP groups. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios of steroid-induced OHT with significant variables being analyzed using a multivariable model. Results: A longer AXL was identified as a risk factor for steroid-induced OHT via both univariable and multivariable analyses, with an odds ratio of 1.216 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004–1.472, p=0.0452]. The optimal cut-off value for AXL in terms of steroidinduced OHT was 23.585 mm, with an odds ratio of 2.355 (95% CI: 1.429–3.882, p=0.0008). Conclusion Our findings indicate that a long AXL is a risk factor for steroid-induced OHT. Further, clinicians should be aware of steroid-induced OHT when treating patients with high myopia with steroids.

Purpose: To investigate ocular surface diseases and changes in the quality of life of patients using glaucoma medications. Methods: Participants were divided into the normal (31 individuals, 62 eyes) and glaucoma medication (30 patients, 60 eyes) groups. Changes in tear break-up time, lipid layer thickness (LLT), corneal and conjunctival staining scores, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25) score were assessed for 1 year. Results: The change in mean LLT was lower in glaucomatous eyes than in control eyes (p = 0.019) after 1 year. The results of OSDI deteriorated (p’ = 0.008), but conjunctival staining and Schirmer test results showed improvement in glaucomatous eyes compared to those in control eyes (p’ =0.035 and 0.009, respectively). The average LLT decreased at 6 and 12 months, but there was no change at 24 months. In pairwise analysis, the decrease in LLT over the first 6 months was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged until 24 months. Among the VFQ items, scores for near activity and social function deteriorated over 1 year in the medication group (p’ = 0.033 and 0.015, respectively). However, there was no difference in the total VFQ score. Conclusions Significant reduction in LLT and deterioration of OSDI were observed in the medication group compared to the control group. However, this deterioration was observed only in the first 6 months. There was no significant difference in the VFQ total score. Nonetheless, there were significant differences in near activity and social function between the control and medication groups. Therefore, the results of this study showed that although glaucoma medication worsened eye dryness, the change was limited and did not worsen the quality of life. Glaucoma medication should be used with the consideration that they can limit near activity and social functioning.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of patients who showed structural progression in the peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) first against those who showed progression in the macular ganglion cell-inner plexi-form layer (GCIPL) first and to investigate clinical parameters that help determine whether a patient exhibits RNFL or GCIPL damage first. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with early-stage normal-tension glaucoma was performed. All eyes underwent intraocular pressure measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer, standard auto-mated perimetry, and Cirrus optical coherence tomography at 6-month intervals. Structural progression was determined using the Guided Progression Analysis software. Blood pressure was measured at each visit. Results: Forty-one eyes of 41 patients (mean age, 52.6 ± 16.7 years) were included in the study. In 21 eyes, structural pro-gression was first detected in the RNFL at 54.2 ± 14.8 months, while structural progression was first observed at the macular GCIPL at 40.5 ± 11.0 months in 20 eyes. The mean intraocular pressure following treatment was 13.1 ± 1.8 mmHg for the RNFL progression first group and 13.4 ± 1.8 mmHg for the GCIPL progression first group (p = 0.514). The GCIPL progression first group was older (p = 0.008) and had thinner RNFL at baseline (p = 0.001). The logistic regression analyses indicated that both age and follow-up duration until first progression predicted the region of structural progression (odds ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.001–1.105;p= 0.046 for age; odds ratio, 0.912; 95% confidence interval, 0.840–0.991; p = 0.029 for time until progression). Conclusions Age of glaucoma patients and time until progression are associated with the region of the first structural pro-gression in normal-tension glaucoma. Further studies exploring the association between glaucomatous progression and the location of damage are needed.

Cluster Analysis ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Machine Learning ; Nerve Fibers ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Fields