Tailgut cysts are known to originate from the remnants of the embryonic hindgut. They occur exclusively in the retrorectal and presacral spaces. There have been limited reports of tailgut cysts occurring in the left perirenal space. The present case features a huge tailgut cyst extending from the right perirenal to the perivesical space. We believe that this case report will help to further elucidate the characteristics of perirenal and perivesical tailgut cysts.

Angioleiomyoma is an infrequent benign smooth muscle tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells of arterial or venous walls in the tunica media layer. It would be found in the dermis, the subcutaneous tissue, or the superficial fascia of the anywhere in the body and is most often seen in the lower extremities. The typical lesion is a small, slowly growing, round, but firm and mobile nodule. We report a case of angioleiomyoma located on the anterior aspect of the elbow, which was mistaken for extradigital glomus tumor after history taking, physical examination. With point tenderness and worsening sharp pain in cold exposure for several years, the patient was referred for a further evaluation, and the lesion was 5 mm sized well-circumscribed mass in the anterior elbow with vascular signals on color and power Doppler by ultrasonography and finally diagnosed as angioleiomyoma following complete excision and histological evaluation.

Angioleiomyoma is an infrequent benign smooth muscle tumor that arises from smooth muscle cells of arterial or venous walls in the tunica media layer. It would be found in the dermis, the subcutaneous tissue, or the superficial fascia of the anywhere in the body and is most often seen in the lower extremities. The typical lesion is a small, slowly growing, round, but firm and mobile nodule. We report a case of angioleiomyoma located on the anterior aspect of the elbow, which was mistaken for extradigital glomus tumor after history taking, physical examination. With point tenderness and worsening sharp pain in cold exposure for several years, the patient was referred for a further evaluation, and the lesion was 5 mm sized well-circumscribed mass in the anterior elbow with vascular signals on color and power Doppler by ultrasonography and finally diagnosed as angioleiomyoma following complete excision and histological evaluation.

No abstract available.
Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism* ; Male* ; Thyroiditis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy for recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA). METHODS: A multi-center retrospective trial enrolled seventy-two patients with histologically proven AO/AOA who underwent TMZ chemotherapy for their recurrent tumors from 2006 to 2010. TMZ was administered orally (150 to 200 mg/m2/day) for 5 days per 28 days until unacceptable toxicity occurred or tumor progression was observed. RESULTS: TMZ chemotherapy cycles administered was median 5.3 (range, 1-41). The objective response rate was 24% including 8 cases (11%) of complete response and another 23 patients (32%) were remained as stable disease. Severe side effects (> or =grade 3) occurred only in 9 patients (13%). Progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was a median 8.0 months (95% confidence interval, 6.0-10.0). The time to recurrence of a year or after was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS (p<0.05). Overall survival (OS) was apparently differed by the patient's histology, as AOA patients survived a median OS of 18.0 months while AO patients did not reach median OS at median follow-up of 11.5 months (range 2.7-65 months). Good performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 and 1 showed prolonged OS (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: For recurrent AO/AOA after surgery followed by radiation therapy, TMZ could be recommended as a salvage therapy at the estimated efficacy equal to procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy at first relapse. For patients previously treated with PCV, TMZ is a favorable therapeutic option as 2nd line salvage chemotherapy with an acceptable toxicity rate.
Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lomustine ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Procarbazine ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy ; Vincristine

Gastric cavernous hemangioma is a relatively rare benign gastric disease. Gastric hemangiomas are most commonly encountered in adulthood, although they can occur in any age group. While surgical resection is the curative treatment, endoscopic resection can be performed for treatment of selected cases. The patient was a 53-year-old male who was referred for evaluation of incidentally detected gastric subepithelial tumor with dense vascularity and oozing on the apex of the lesion. An EUS revealed a homogenously hypoechoic mass confined to the submucosal layer that showed no continuity with adjacent vessels, and there was no regional lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was successfully performed with en bloc resection. The final diagnosis was benign cavernous hemangioma of the stomach.
Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; Stomach Diseases

BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in the invasion and progression of cancer and in the development of chemoresistance by cancer cells. METHODS: To address the clinical significance of the EMT pathway in lung adenocarcinoma and the association of the pathway with histological subtype, we examined 193 surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma samples for the expression of representative EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and vimentin) by immunohistochemistry. Histological subtypes were classified according to the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. The results for EMT-related protein expression were analyzed for correlation with clinicopathological features and with survival. RESULTS: The loss of E-cadherin expression and aberrant beta-catenin expression were significantly associated with larger tumor size, pleural invasion, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and advanced pathological stage (p<0.05). The alteration of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex was least frequently observed in the lepidic-predominant group, but these associations were not statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis, altered E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex expression was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor (p=0.017; hazard ratio, 1.926; 95% confidence interval, 1.119 to 3.314). CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of the expression of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex was associated with aggressive tumor behavior in lung adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; beta Catenin ; Cadherins ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Multivariate Analysis ; Proteins

PURPOSE: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is a potential molecular target in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The clinicopathologic implication of a change in the ALK gene copy number (GCN) is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 434 primary NSCLC samples were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALK GCN. RESULTS: Ninety-six cases (22.1%) showed ALK GCN gain with amplification in 16 (3.7%) cases. The cases with ALK GCN gain consisted of 47 adenocarcinomas (49.0%), 41 squamous cell carcinomas (42.7%), 5 adenosquamous carcinomas (5.2%) and 3 other NSCLCs (3.1%). ALK gene amplification was identified in 7 adenocarcinomas (43.7%) and 9 squamous cell carcinomas (56.3%). There was no significant difference between ALK GCN gain/amplification and histologic subtypes. Univariate survival analysis revealed that patients with ALK GCN gain/amplification showed shorter progression-free survival durations and decreased overall survival rates (p<0.001). However, multivariate analysis proved that ALK GCN gain/amplification is not an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSION: ALK GCN gain is frequently identified in NSCLCs and the incidence is similar among histologic subtypes. Although ALK GCN gain/amplification is not an independent prognostic marker, it is associated with tumor progression in NSCLC.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Disease-Free Survival ; Fluorescence ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Lung ; Lymphoma ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are correlated with tumor progression. Downregulation of PTEN is related to drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of PTEN in patients with NSCLC and its correlation with EGFR. METHODS: Two hundred eighty eight surgically resected NSCLC samples, including 168 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 99 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 21 other NSCLCs were analyzed for the PTEN. The results were correlated with other clinicopathological variables including EGFR amplification and mutation. RESULTS: Loss of PTEN was detected in 42.4% of NSCLCs, specifically 28.6% of ADCs, 66.7% of SCCs, and 38.1% of others. Loss of PTEN was significantly associated with SCC, smoking, male gender, and higher stage. In a multivariate analysis, loss of PTEN was significantly associated with short progression-free survival (p=0.037). No association between PTEN and EGFR was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that loss of PTEN results in shorter progression-free survival in patients with NSCLC, and loss of PTEN is more associated with SCC, smoking, male gender, and higher T stage by the 7th tumor, node and metastasis staging system but not EGFR status.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Disease-Free Survival ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: Increased glucose uptake, a process that is mediated by glucose transporter (Glut1) proteins, is an important metabolic feature in a variety of cancer cells. The overexpression of Glut1 in human cancers is known to be related to a variety of histopathological parameters, including histological grade, proliferation rate, and lymphatic invasion. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate Glut1 expression in the spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors including typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell carcinoma (SCC), and to characterize the relationship between Glut1 expression and the histologic grade of NE tumors. METHODS: 19 TC, 7 AC, 13 LCNEC, and 6 SCC patients were included in this study. The percentages of Glut1-positive tumor cells in these patients were determined. For statistical analysis, Glut1 expression was subdivided into a Glut1-low expression group (0-30%) and a Glut1-high expression group (31-90%). RESULTS: In our subgroup analyses, the histological grade of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors was significantly correlated with Glut1 expression; TC (n=19, 3.6+/-4.2%), AC (n=7, 20.0+/-4.9%), LCNEC (n=13, 60.0+/-21.1%), and SCC (n=6, 74.2+/-16.9%). Glut1-high expression was significantly associated with high-grade NE tumors such as LCNEC and SCC (n=19, 62.6+/-21.0%) (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study appear to indicate that Glut1 overexpression is a consistent feature of high-grade NE lung tumors.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Glucose ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Proteins