Background and Objectives: Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects children’s quality of life and learning abilities. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for CRS. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on pediatric patients who underwent FESS for CRS at 11 university hospitals. The inclusion criteria were patients under 20 years old with bilateral disease who were operated on between January 2005 and December 2021. The data collected included demographics, clinical history, blood tests, preoperative computed tomography, and preoperative and postoperative symptom control. The Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results: In total, 213 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 13.4±3.0 years, and 145 (68.1%) were male. One hundred sixty-four patients (77.0%) had nasal polyps and 33 patients (15.5%) underwent revision FESS. The preoperative symptoms, in order of prevalence, included nasal obstruction (87.8%), rhinorrhea (71.8%), a sense of postnasal drip (58.2%), hyposmia (44.6%), cough (24.4%), and facial fullness (18.3%). These symptoms were significantly alleviated for up to 3 years after surgery (p<0.001). At the time of the last follow-up, 121 patients (56.8%) were controlled, 80 (37.6%) were partly controlled, and 12 (5.6%) were uncontrolled. Patients in the uncontrolled group had higher Lund-Mackay scores, longer follow-up durations, and more instances of revision surgery compared to those in the controlled and partly controlled groups. When age was categorized into three groups, those aged 16 years or older tended to have lower Lund-Mackay scores and better control. Conclusion FESS significantly improves both the postoperative symptoms and the long-term quality of life in pediatric CRS patients. Better symptom control is associated with older age and a lower disease burden.

Background: The prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures is increasing with the aging population. Two surgical treatments, cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) and dynamic hip screw (DHS), have been widely utilized; however, recent trends indicate growing preference for CMN. While several studies have compared these 2 surgical methods, there has been limited comprehensive analysis with a substantial sample size from a single medical center aimed at minimizing bias. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary academic hospital, analyzing data from patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures between January 2005 and December 2021. The study focused on comparing surgeryrelated parameters, postoperative local complications, medical complications, and mortality between patients treated with CMN and those treated with DHS. Results: A total of 475 patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients treated with CMN (77.0 ± 10.7 years) was older compared to those treated with DHS (73.0 ± 12.2 years; p < 0.001). Overall, CMN demonstrated significantly better outcomes in reducing operation time (52.7 minutes vs. 88.2 minutes, p < 0.001), estimated blood loss (EBL) (138.3 mL vs. 305.9 mL, p < 0.001), intra- and postoperative transfusion packs (0.6 vs. 0.9, p = 0.006), and length of hospital stay (12.0 days vs. 20.3 days, p < 0.001), with similar findings in the unstable subgroups. However, in stable fracture cases, CMN showed superiority only in operation time and EBL (operation time: 49.6 minutes vs. 76.5 minutes, p < 0.001; EBL: 103.8 mL vs. 254.8 mL, p < 0.001). No differences were noted in postoperative outcomes including local complications, medical complications, and mortality. Conclusions Patients treated with CMN experienced no differences in postoperative outcomes including local and medical complications or mortality compared to DHS-treated patients. CMN reduced operation time, EBL, number of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion packs, and length of hospital stay, especially in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. In conclusion, with comparable postoperative complications and mortality, CMN demonstrated superior perioperative efficiency, supporting its growing recommendation over DHS for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023. Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys. Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023.Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014.The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023.However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Conclusions The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in South Korea, imposing substantial physical, emotional, and financial burdens on patients and society. Despite the high burden of symptom and complex care needs of HF patients, palliative care and hospice services remain underutilized in South Korea due to cultural, institutional, and knowledge-related barriers. This position statement from the Korean Society of Heart Failure emphasizes the need for integrating palliative and hospice care into HF management to improve quality of life and support holistic care for patients and their families. By clarifying the role of palliative care in HF and proposing practical referral criteria, this position statement aims to bridge the gap between HF and palliative care services in South Korea, ultimately improving patient-centered outcomes and aligning treatment with the goals and values of HF patients.

Background: The prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures is increasing with the aging population. Two surgical treatments, cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) and dynamic hip screw (DHS), have been widely utilized; however, recent trends indicate growing preference for CMN. While several studies have compared these 2 surgical methods, there has been limited comprehensive analysis with a substantial sample size from a single medical center aimed at minimizing bias. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary academic hospital, analyzing data from patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures between January 2005 and December 2021. The study focused on comparing surgeryrelated parameters, postoperative local complications, medical complications, and mortality between patients treated with CMN and those treated with DHS. Results: A total of 475 patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients treated with CMN (77.0 ± 10.7 years) was older compared to those treated with DHS (73.0 ± 12.2 years; p < 0.001). Overall, CMN demonstrated significantly better outcomes in reducing operation time (52.7 minutes vs. 88.2 minutes, p < 0.001), estimated blood loss (EBL) (138.3 mL vs. 305.9 mL, p < 0.001), intra- and postoperative transfusion packs (0.6 vs. 0.9, p = 0.006), and length of hospital stay (12.0 days vs. 20.3 days, p < 0.001), with similar findings in the unstable subgroups. However, in stable fracture cases, CMN showed superiority only in operation time and EBL (operation time: 49.6 minutes vs. 76.5 minutes, p < 0.001; EBL: 103.8 mL vs. 254.8 mL, p < 0.001). No differences were noted in postoperative outcomes including local complications, medical complications, and mortality. Conclusions Patients treated with CMN experienced no differences in postoperative outcomes including local and medical complications or mortality compared to DHS-treated patients. CMN reduced operation time, EBL, number of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion packs, and length of hospital stay, especially in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. In conclusion, with comparable postoperative complications and mortality, CMN demonstrated superior perioperative efficiency, supporting its growing recommendation over DHS for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Background: The prevalence of intertrochanteric fractures is increasing with the aging population. Two surgical treatments, cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) and dynamic hip screw (DHS), have been widely utilized; however, recent trends indicate growing preference for CMN. While several studies have compared these 2 surgical methods, there has been limited comprehensive analysis with a substantial sample size from a single medical center aimed at minimizing bias. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary academic hospital, analyzing data from patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures between January 2005 and December 2021. The study focused on comparing surgeryrelated parameters, postoperative local complications, medical complications, and mortality between patients treated with CMN and those treated with DHS. Results: A total of 475 patients with a minimum follow-up of 3 months were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation) age of patients treated with CMN (77.0 ± 10.7 years) was older compared to those treated with DHS (73.0 ± 12.2 years; p < 0.001). Overall, CMN demonstrated significantly better outcomes in reducing operation time (52.7 minutes vs. 88.2 minutes, p < 0.001), estimated blood loss (EBL) (138.3 mL vs. 305.9 mL, p < 0.001), intra- and postoperative transfusion packs (0.6 vs. 0.9, p = 0.006), and length of hospital stay (12.0 days vs. 20.3 days, p < 0.001), with similar findings in the unstable subgroups. However, in stable fracture cases, CMN showed superiority only in operation time and EBL (operation time: 49.6 minutes vs. 76.5 minutes, p < 0.001; EBL: 103.8 mL vs. 254.8 mL, p < 0.001). No differences were noted in postoperative outcomes including local complications, medical complications, and mortality. Conclusions Patients treated with CMN experienced no differences in postoperative outcomes including local and medical complications or mortality compared to DHS-treated patients. CMN reduced operation time, EBL, number of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion packs, and length of hospital stay, especially in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. In conclusion, with comparable postoperative complications and mortality, CMN demonstrated superior perioperative efficiency, supporting its growing recommendation over DHS for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.