OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation of phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (P-S6) content in blood and brain tissue in mice and rats with seizure. METHODS: Seizure models were induced by intraperitoric injection of kainic acid (KA) in C57BL/mice and SD rats. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of P-S6 in blood; Western blot was used to detect the expression of P-S6 in brain tissues. The correlation between P-S6 expression in blood and in brain tissue was examine by Pearson analysis, and the correlation between P-S6 expression in blood and the severity of seizure was also observed. RESULTS: Western blotting analysis showed that the expression of P-S6 was significantly increased in peripheral blood and brain tissue in mice 1 h after KA-induced seizure,and the expression levels increased to (1.49±0.45) times (<0.05) and (2.55±0.66) times ( <0.01) of the control group, respectively. Flow cytometry showed that the positive percentage and average fluorescence intensity of P-S6 in the blood of mice increased significantly 1 h after KA-induced seizures (<0.01), which was consistent with the expression of P-S6 in brain tissue (=0.8474, <0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the average fluorescence intensity of P-S6 in blood increased from 14.89±9.75 to 52.35±21.72 (<0.01) in rats with seizure, which was consistent with the change of P-S6 in brain tissue (=0.9385, <0.01). Rats with higher levels of seizure were of higher levels of P-S6 in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS Consistent correlation of P-S6 expression is demonstrated in peripheral blood and in brain tissue after KA-induced seizure, suggesting that the expression of P-S6 in blood can accurately reflect the changes of mTOR signaling pathway in brain tissue.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Kainic Acid ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures ; blood ; chemically induced ; physiopathology

To investigate the effect of crocin on the progression and generalized seizure of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice.Hippocampus rapid kindling model was established in C57BL/6J mice. The effects of crocin on seizure stage, afterdischarge duration (ADD), number of stimulation in each stage and final state, the incidence of generalized seizure (GS), average seizure stage and ADD were observed.Crocin (20 mg/kg) significantly retarded behavioral seizure stages (<0.05) and shortened cumulative ADD (<0.01) during hippocampus rapid kindling acquisition in mice compared with vehicle group. Meanwhile, number of stimulations in stage 1-2 was significantly increased (<0.05) and the incidence of fully kindled animals was significantly decreased (<0.01). However, 10 or 50 mg/kg crocin showed no significant effect on the above indexes (all>0.05). Crocin (100 or 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased the incidence of GS (all<0.01) and reduced average seizure stages (all<0.01) in fully-kindled mice compared with vehicle group; Fifty mg/kg crocin only reduced average seizure stages (<0.05).Low-dose crocin can retard the progression in hippocampus rapid kindling acquisition in mice, while high-dose crocin relieves the GS in fully-kindled mice, which suggests that crocin may be a potential anti-epileptic compound.
Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; pharmacology ; Carotenoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electric Stimulation ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Kindling, Neurologic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Seizures ; classification ; drug therapy

Analgesics, Opioid ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Meperidine ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the temporal and spatial distribution of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and calnexin (CNX) in the dentate gyrus of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) mouse model. Methods We used kainic acid (KA) to induce acute phase (12 h and 24 h) mTLE mouse models and performed Western blotting and immunofluorescence to detect the different expressions and distribution pattern of CHOP and CNX in CA3 of the hippocampus. Results Compared with the controls,the expressions of CHOP(F=1.136,P=0.4069) and CNX (F=2.378,P=0.2087) did not increase in CA3 of hippocampus 12 h following KA injection in the acute phase of mTLE mouse models,whereas the expressions in CA1 and CA3 of hippocampus 24 h after injection were significantly higher (F=8.510,P=0.0362;F=6.968,P=0.0497,respectively). As shown by immunofluorescence analysis,CHOP was expressed mainly in CA3 of hippocampus 12 h after KA injection,and increased in CA1 and CA3 24 h after KA administration. Compared with the controls,the expressions of CHOP(F=24.480,P=0.0057) and CNX (F=7.149,P=0.0478) were significantly higher 24 h after KA injection.Conclusions The expression of CHOP increases along with the progression of seizures,indicating the increased level of endoplasmic reticulum stress. An increasing number of CNX,which serves as molecular chaperone,may be needed to facilitate the unfolded protein to complete the folding process.
Animals ; Calnexin ; metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Kainic Acid ; Mice ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of licorice flavonoid (LF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure in mice and its mechanism.

METHODSMale adult ICR mice were injected with 25 mg/kg KA to induce temporal lobe seizure. LF was administrated 7 d before seizure induction (pre-treatment) or 24 h after seizure induction (post-treatment) for 7 d. Acute seizure latency, seizure stage and duration were observed and compared between LF- and vehicle-treated mice. From d2 on, mice with status epilepticus were video-monitored for spontaneous seizures, 10 h/d for 6 w. Immunohistochemical analysis of BrdU and Timm staining was conducted to detect the neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting, respectively.

RESULTSNo significant difference was observed in acute seizure latency, seizure stage and duration between LF-and vehicle-treated mice. KA-induced acute seizure resulted in spontaneous seizure in mice, and the seizure frequency was increased with time. Pre- and post-treatment with LF decreased seizure frequency from w3 after modeling [(0.58±0.15)/d, (0.38±0.38)/d vs (1.23±0.23)/d, P <0.05]. Furthermore, KA-induced seizure resulted in robust neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting, while treatment with LF both pre- and post- KA injection significantly inhibited neurogenesis (15.6±2.6, 17.1±3.1 vs 28.9±3.5, P <0.05) and mossy fiber sprouting (1.33±0.31, 1.56±0.42 vs 3.0±0.37, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONLF has no significant anti-seizure effect. However, it can decrease epileptogenesis through inhibition of neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Kainic Acid ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal ; drug effects ; Neurogenesis ; drug effects ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Status Epilepticus ; drug therapy

An 81-year-old woman with a history of temporal lobe epilepsy-induced psychotic episodes was initially admitted to a general hospital where she was started on a course of oral antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia, and ciprofloxacin eye drops to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction. After one week, the patient was discharged back to a nursing home with these medications. However, she was admitted to our psychiatric ward two days later due to a relapse of psychosis. Another six days later, she developed breakthrough seizures associated with subtherapeutic serum phenytoin levels. Having explored all possible causes of reduced serum phenytoin levels, ciprofloxacin eye drops was discontinued in the patient, resulting in gradual return of phenytoin levels to the therapeutic range, with no further seizures observed in the patient.
Administration, Oral ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ciprofloxacin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; drug therapy ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; adverse effects ; Phenytoin ; blood ; Psychotic Disorders ; drug therapy ; Seizures ; chemically induced

Venlafaxine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is increasingly used in pregnant women with pre-existing depression who require continued treatment. However, its in uteroeffects on the developing fetus are not clear. Herein, we report the unusual presentation of venlafaxine withdrawal in a female preterm baby of 29 weeks gestation, who presented with myoclonic seizures on her second day of life. The seizures were confirmed using amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, and other possible causes of neonatal seizures were excluded. The baby responded to treatment with phenobarbitone and phenytoin. Magnetic resonance imaging of her brain was unremarkable at corrected gestational age of 39 weeks and 2 days. On follow-up at the corrected age of five months, she was well and developing normally with no further seizures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of seizures in a preterm baby resulting from maternal venlafaxine use.
Antidepressive Agents ; adverse effects ; Cyclohexanols ; adverse effects ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Phenobarbital ; administration & dosage ; Phenytoin ; administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

Although glufosinate ammonium herbicides are considered safe when used properly, ingestion of the undiluted form can cause grave outcomes. Recently, we treated a 34-yr-old man who ingested glufosinate ammonium herbicide. In the course of treatment, the patient developed apnea, mental deterioration, and sixth cranial nerve palsy; he has since been discharged with full recovery after intensive care. This case report describes the clinical features of glufosinate intoxication with a focus on sixth cranial nerve palsy. Our observation suggests that neurologic manifestations after ingestion of a "low-grade toxicity herbicide" are variable and more complex than that was previously considered.
Abducens Nerve Diseases/*chemically induced/drug therapy ; Adult ; Aminobutyrates/*poisoning ; Enzyme Inhibitors/poisoning ; Herbicides/*poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Seizures/chemically induced ; Surface-Active Agents/poisoning ; Unconsciousness/chemically induced

Two cats were presented with vestibular signs and seizures. Both cats were diagnosed with thiamine deficiency. The transverse and dorsal T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed the presence of bilateral hyperintense lesions at specific nuclei of the midbrain, cerebellum, and brainstem. After thiamine supplementation, the clinical signs gradually improved. Repeated MR images taken 3 weeks after thiamine supplementation had started showed that the lesions were nearly resolved. This case report describes the clinical and MR findings associated with thiamine deficiency in two cats.
Animals ; Brain Stem/pathology ; Cat Diseases/chemically induced/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Cats ; Cerebellum/pathology ; Diet/veterinary ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary ; Male ; Mesencephalon/pathology ; Seizures/chemically induced/pathology/veterinary ; Thiamine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Thiamine Deficiency/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEFlavonoids are present in foods such as fruits and vegetables. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and prevention of human disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. We assessed the effect of rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) on oxidative stress in kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure.

METHODSThirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, saline (intra-peritoneal, i.p.) was administered for 7 d, and on the last day, KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min after administration of saline. In rutin groups, mice were pretreated with rutin (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 d, and on the last day, KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min after administration of rutin. Subsequently, behavioural changes were observed in mice. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were measured respectively in the early and late phases after KA-induced seizures.

RESULTSSeizure scores in the rutin groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rutin dose-dependently inhibited the number of wet-dog shakes (WDS) (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde level in the hippocampus of the rutin groups was significantly lower than that in the hippocampus of the control group on days 1 and 21 after KA administration. In the rutin groups, the thiol levels observed on day 1 after KA administration were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that rutin has potential anticonvulsant and antioxidative activities against oxidative stress in KA-induced seizure in mice.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kainic Acid ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rutin ; pharmacology ; Seizures ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; analysis