Inflammation is the crucial biological process of immune system which acts as body's defense and protective response against the injuries or infection. However, the systemic inflammation devotes the adverse effects such as multiple inflammation associated diseases. One of the best ways to treat this entity is by blocking the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to avoid the proinflammation cytokines production. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds as anti-inflammation through in silico approach. In order to assess that, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction properties between the TNF-α or TRAIL with the ligands. The 2D structure of ligands were retrieved online via PubChem and the 3D protein modeling was done by using SWISS Model. The prediction results of the study showed that caffeic acid (−6.4 kcal/mol) and homovanillic acid (−6.6 kcal/mol) have the greatest binding affinity against the TNF-α and TRAIL respectively. This evidence suggests that caffeic acid and homovanillic acid may potent as anti-inflammatory agent against the inflammation associated diseases. Finally, this study needs further examination and evaluation to validate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds.
Biological Processes ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Cytokines ; Homovanillic Acid ; Immune System ; Inflammation ; Ligands ; Plants ; Sambucus ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Hematopoiesis has a pivotal role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Ironically, several hematological disorder caused by chemicals, drugs, and other environmental factors lead to severe bone marrow failure. Current treatments like stem cell transplantation and immunosuppression remain ineffective to ameliorate this diseases. Therefore, a newtreatment to overcome this entity is necessary, one of them by promoting the usage of medicinal plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hematopoiesis potency of S. javanica berries and leaves extracts in chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced aplastic anemia mice model. In this present study, several types of blood progenitor cell such as TER-119⁺VLA-4⁺ erythrocytes lineage, Gr-1⁺ granulocytes, and B220⁺ B-cell progenitor cells were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Accordingly, we revealed that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts significantly promoted TER-119⁺VLA-4⁺ erythrocytes lineage and Gr-1⁺ granulocytes after exposed by CMP. Thus, these results suggested that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts might have hematopoiesis activity in CMP-induced aplastic anemia mice model.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bone Marrow ; Chloramphenicol ; Erythrocytes ; Flow Cytometry ; Fruit ; Granulocytes ; Hematopoiesis ; Homeostasis ; Immunosuppression ; Iron ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; Sambucus ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells

Sambucus sieboldiana (SS) is a member of the family Caprifoliaceae and has been recommended as a functional material because of its several bioactivities. Although numerous literatures are available on the pharmacological and biological activities, the biological activity of SS in bone regeneration process has not yet been well-defined. Therefore, in this study, the effect of SS was investigated in the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell line. The treatment of SS did not significantly affect the cell proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells. SS significantly accelerated the mineralization and significantly increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) mRNAs, compared to the control, in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. SS significantly accelerated the decrease of osteonectin (ON) mRNA expression as compared with the control in a time-dependent manner in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that the SS facilitate the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Therefore, there may be potential properties for development and clinical application of bone regeneration materials.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bone Regeneration ; Caprifoliaceae ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Humans ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteonectin ; RNA, Messenger ; Sambucus*

The present study aims to investigate the lignan constituents from Sambucus williamsii and their proliferation effects on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Seven compounds were isolated and purified by macroporous resin D101, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, ODS column chromatographies and Preparative HPLC(C-18). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as threo-guaiacylglycerol-beta-0-4'-conifery ether (1), lirioresinol A (2), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (3), 5-methoxybalanophonin (4), balanophonin (5), 5-methoxy-trans-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (6), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7). Compounds 3-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time. The proliferation effects of all isolated compounds on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells were determined. Compounds 1-7 (1 x 10(-12)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1)) increased UMR106 cell proliferation to some extent.
Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sambucus ; chemistry

HPLC was used to determine the content of ursolic acid of Sambucus adnata from different origins. The content of ursolic acid range between 1.14 to 5.7 microg, r = 0.999 8, the recovery range from 99.8% to 101.3%. The method is quick, sensitive and repeatable for determination of the content of ursolic acid of S. adnata.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Sambucus ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Five compounds were separated from Sambucus chinensis and identified as maslinic acid(1), 12alpha, 13-dihydroxyolean-3-oxo-28-oic acid(2), 13-hydroxyolean-3-oxo-28-oic acid (3), 3-oxo oleanolic acid (4), corosolic acid (5). Of them,compound 3 was a new compound, and compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were seperated from this plant for the first time.
Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Sambucus ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Reports of influenza A virus infections in dogs has received considerable attention from veterinarians, virologists, and epidemiologists. Interaction between influenza viral hemagglutinin and cell oligosaccharides containing sialic acid residues results in infection. Sialic acids have an alpha-2,3-linkage to the penultimate galactose in the avian influenza virus receptor and an alpha-2,6-linkage in the human receptor. To date, there are no detailed data on the tissue distribution or histological features of either type of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs, which are common laboratory animals and pets. We conducted the current study to visualize the in situ tissue distribution of both sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in various organs of beagle dogs using Maackia amurensis lectin II and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Both alpha-2,3- and alpha-2,6-sialic acid-linked receptors were detected in the endothelial cells of the respiratory tract and other organs. Endothelial cells of most gastrointestinal organs were negative for alpha-2,3-sialic acid-linked receptors in the dogs. Our results suggested that these canine organs may be affected by influenza virus infection. The findings from our study will also help evaluate the occurrence and development of influenza virus infections in dogs.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/metabolism ; Dogs/metabolism/*virology ; Female ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*metabolism ; Maackia/chemistry ; Male ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism/transmission/veterinary ; Plant Lectins/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sambucus nigra/chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constitutents of the 60% ethanol extract of the stems of Sambucus williamsii.

METHODCompounds were isolated and purified by Diaion D101, silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven lignans were isolated and identified as erythro-guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-sinapyl ether (1), 1-( 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) -2- [4"-( 3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1,3-diol (2), isolariciresinol (3), burselignan (4), lyoniresinol (5), 5-methoxy-isolariciresinol (6), cycloolivil (7).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time.

Anisoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Microscopy ; Naphthalenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Naphthols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sambucus ; chemistry

The progress in research on the active ingredients of Sambucus Chinensis and pharmacological activities was reviewed. It is important to study the chemical constituents and phamacological activities of Sambucus chinensis.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sambucus ; chemistry

This study was conducted in order to observe ultrastructural changes in the expression of sialoglycoconjugates in maxillary sinus mucosa after inoculation of influenza A virus utilizing four different gold-labeled lectins : ckia amurensis (MAA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), sambucus nigra (SNA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA). A comparison of the affinities of these gold-labeled lectins demonstrated the varying distributions of sialoglycoconjugates in the ciliary layer and the granules in goblet cells. Examination of normal sinus mucosa labeled with four gold-labeled lectins showed the distribution of sialoglycoconjugates to be mainly in the ciliary layer and the granules in goblet cells and restricted to the surface of the cilia, microvilli and the secretory light granules. The application of an influenza A virus infection decreased the labeling intensity of gold-labeled MAA in the cilia and the secretory granules but not of WGA. SNA gold did not label the surface of the cilia and granules in either case. PNA gold particles, however, labeled the cilia and the secretory granules very weakly in normal sinus mucosa, but labeled moderately in cases of influenza A virus infection. These results suggest that the sugar residues of sialoglycoconjugates consist of Neu5Ac(alpha2, 3)Gal, GlcNAc, Neu5Ac. They also suggest that the sugar residues serve as a protecting factor or modulator against influenza A virus infection.
Cilia ; Goblet Cells ; Influenza A virus* ; Influenza, Human* ; Lectins ; Maxillary Sinus ; Microvilli ; Mucous Membrane* ; Peanut Agglutinin ; Rabbits* ; Sambucus nigra ; Secretory Vesicles ; Triticum