Objective:To analyze the risk factors of falls among community-dwelling elderly people and provide references for the formulation of targeted fall prevention measures.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the health and care needs of 5 997 community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing from February to August 2017. Logistic regression and association rules were used to analyze the risk factors of elderly people falling easily in community.Results:A total of 1 935 elderly people (32.27%, 1 935/5 997) experienced falls within 3 years. Logistic regression analysis showed that female, age ≥75 years, poor marital status (unmarried/widowed/divorced) , overweight or obesity, living in a bungalow, conscious general or unhealthy health, chronic diseases (diabetes/coronary heart disease/stroke/osteoarthropathy/Parkinson's disease, etc.) , medication taken ≥5 types, poor eyesight, poor hearing were risk factors for falls in the community-dwelling elderly people ( P<0.05) . The correlation between risk factors was explored by association rules, and it was found that the elderly with low socioeconomic level and decreased perceived health level, obesity accompanied by sensory disorders and multiple drug use, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and movement disorders had an increased risk of falling. Conclusions:Community nursing staffs should focus on screening the fall risk of elderly people in communities with low socioeconomic status, perceived poor health, obesity, sensory and perceptual disorders, co-existing diseases and multi-drug use, and reduce the fall risk of elderly people in communities through targeted measures such as modifying the living environment suitable for aging, wearing visual and hearing correction equipment, controlling of obesity, chronic disease management and simplification of drug prescriptions.

To cope with the increasing burden of disability care brought about by global aging, various countries have established long-term care insurance systems based on their national conditions. Germany and Japan have successively established a socialized long-term care insurance system and continuously improved the system through a series of reforms, providing a blueprint for long-term care insurance reform in other countries. This article reviews the reforms in Germany and Japan in updating evaluation tools, improving grading standards and service content, and enhancing institutional fairness, so as to provide reference for perfecting China's long-term care insurance system.

Objective:To summarize the effect of nurse-led home visiting on blood pressure control in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods:Chinese and English databases were searched, such as VIP Chinese Periodical Database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed, The Cochrane Library and other databases to screen and collect relevant literatures about the effect of nurse-led home visiting on blood pressure control in elderly patients with hypertension published before August 2020.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and the obtained literatures were screened several times according to the criteria.The quality of literatures was evaluated using the Jadad Scale and the risk of bias was evaluated according to the recommendations in the Cochrane 5.0.0 manual.Basic information was extracted from all the included qualified literatures, and relevant research data were summarized. Meta-analysis of the obtained data was performed by using RevMan 5.1 software.Results:Finally, a total of 13 literatures were included, including 9 Chinese literatures and 4 English literatures.The 13 studies included 2 630 patients aged 60 years and older with hypertension, including 1 345 patients in the control group and 1 285 patients in the intervention group.Meta-analysis results showed that the control of systolic blood pressure [ WMD=-10.28, 95% CI (-14.47, -6.09) ]and diastolic blood pressure [ WMD=-10.32, 95% CI (-14.86, -5.79) ]could be achieved by nurse-led home visiting, and the effect of intervention on systolic blood pressure was more significant than that of diastolic blood pressure. At the same time, the results of subgroup analysis showed that when the intervention time was 6 to 11 months, the effect of blood pressure control was more significant. Conclusions:Nurse-led home visiting can achieve significant effects on blood pressure control in elderly hypertensive patients, and the effect is more significant when the intervention time is 6 to 11 months.