Objective: To elucidate the clinical behavior, causes of misdiagnosis, surgical management, and outcomes of facial nerve schwannomas (FNS). Methods: A retrospective review in Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2015 was carried out and evaluated 110 patients with FNS, including 50 males and 60 females, aged 16-67 years old. The appropriate surgical strategy was selected based on each patient′s clinical manifestations, facial nerve function, and imaging characteristics. After surgery, patients received follow-up visits to assess their facial nerve functions, with the effect of treatment compared to the reality before surgery. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to distinguish between the pre- and post-operation facial nerve functions in patients who had different facial nerve functions before the operations. Results: 110 cases of FNS mainly presented with facial paralysis, hearing loss, tinnitus, otalgia, dizziness, and facial spasm. 20 of the cases were misdiagnosed as Bell′s Palsy, 6 were mistaken for chronic otitis media/cholesteatoma with radical mastoidectomy, 3 were mistaken for Meniere′s disease, 1 was misdiagnosed as petrous bone cholesteatoma, and 4 were mistaken for acoustic neuroma. 81.8 % (90/110) of the patients had multiple segments of the facial nerve, including the vertical segment of the facial nerve, accounting for 65.5% (72/110), followed by the labyrinthine/geniculate segment, for 61.8% (68/110), and the horizontal segment, for 55.5% (61/110). The appropriate surgical approaches were chosed based on the sizes and scopes of the tumors evaluated by imaging: transmastoid approach in 73 cases, translabyrinthe approach in 14 cases, middle cranial fossa approach in 13 cases, retrosigmoid approach in 3 cases, transmastoid-middle cranial fossa approach in 3 cases, and transmastoid-neck approach in 4 cases, with all the patients undergoing a total/subtotal resection of the tumor. Eighty-seven patients had their facial nerves reconstructed. Among them, 6 received facial nerve end-to-end anastomosis, 55 received great auricular nerve graft, and 26 were subjected to facial nerve-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis. Because of long histories, facial muscle atrophies, or other reasons, the remaining patients were not received facial nerve reconstruction. The House-Brackmann(H-B) grading scale was used to evaluate the facial nerve function pre- and post-operation. Patients with better facial nerve functions and shorter history of facial paralysis before operation would get relatively better facial nerve function. The before and after operation comparisons revealed that the recovery of the facial nerve functions in patients with H-B Ⅰ-Ⅲ was better than the improvement in patients with H-B Ⅳ-Ⅴ. The difference was statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis H test, H=8.508, P<0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of patients with unknown facial paralysis, hearing loss, and tinnitus should take into account the possibility of FNS. CT and other imaging examinations of the temporal bone can avoid misdiagnosis and determine the tumor size and extent of lesions, as well as provide the basis for the choice of the surgical approach. After tumors have been completely resected, facial nerve reconstruction can be performed simultaneously, according to the defect of the nerve.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of microfracture and autogenous osteochondral mosaic transplantation in the treatment of knee joint cartilage injury. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 71 patients with articular cartilage defects on the femoral condyles who were by autogenous osteochondral mosaic transplantation or microfracture from February 2011 to February 2016, and these patients were followed up for at least 2 years. According to the sugical procedures, the patients were divided into two groups. In the microfracture group, there were 33 patients, 20 males and 13 females, with a mean age of(28.1±4.2) years old; in the mosaicplasty group, there were 38 patients, 26 males and 12 females, with a mean age of(27.8±3.5) years old. The Lysholm knee score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and the Ahlbäck classification grade were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Complications were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean Lysholm scores of the microfracture group and the mosaicplasty group improved from 62.9±6.8 and 60.3±7.5 preoperatively to 77.0±5.4 and 85.8±5.6 post-operatively, respectively(<0.05). Mean HSS scores of the microfracture group and the mosaicplasty group improved from 81.5±7.6 and 79.6±8.6 preoperatively to 88.0±4.7 and 91.9±4.7 post-operatively, respectively(<0.05). The mean Lysholm score and HSS score were significantly higher in the mosaicplasty group than those in the microfracture group at the latest follow-up. One patient in the mosaicplasty group suffered superficial wound infection. During the follow-up, no knee osteoarthritis was observed in two groups. CONCLUSIONS Autogenous osteochondral mosaicplasty and microfracture are proved to be safe and effective procedures for knee articular cartilage defects. However, the mosaicplasty has better clinical outcome than the microfracture.
Adult ; Cartilage, Articular ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The clinical trials emerged centromere protein E inhibitor GSK923295 as a promising anticancer drug, but its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain needs to be fully elucidated, especially as chemotherapy after hepatectomy for liver tumors. We aimed to describe anti-HCC activities of GSK923295 and compare its antiproliferative effects on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). METHODS: All subjects were randomized to treatment with either vehicle or GSK923295. Antitumor activity of GSK923295 was assessed by xenograft growth assays. The C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 70% PH and the proliferation was calculated by liver coefficient, further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation and cell cycle analysis of liver cell AML12 and HCC cells LM3, HUH7, and HepG2 were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay and Flow Cytometry. The chromosome misalignment and segregation in AML12 cells were visualized by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Treatment with GSK923295 induced antiproliferation in HCC cell lines. It also caused delay on HCC tumor growth instead of regression both in a HCC cell line xenograft model and patient-derived tumor xenograft model. With microarray analysis, CENtromere Protein E was gradually increased in mouse liver after PH. Exposure of liver cells to GSK923295 resulted in delay on a cell cycle in mitosis with a phenotype of misaligned chromosomes and chromosomes clustered. In 70% PH mouse model, GSK923295 treatment also remarkably reduced liver regeneration in later stage, in parallel with the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 elevation. CONCLUSION The anticancer drug GSK923295 causes a significant delay on HCC tumor growth and liver regeneration after PH in later stage.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blotting, Western ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Liver Regeneration ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sarcosine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hematological characteristics of HbE homozygotes. METHODS: Complete blood cells count and hemoglobin electrophoresis were used for phenotypic analysis of 78 cases with HbE homozygotes from Yunnan province, China. The PCR-fluorescence hybridization was used to detect the common gene mutation of thalassemia. The hematological indexes, including MCV, MCH, Hb, HbA2, HbF and HbE were statistically analyzed between groups with different sex, ages and compound α thalassemia status. RESULTS: In HbE homozygotes (HbEE), 89.5% (17/19) children presented mild to moderate microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 10.5% of them presented moderate anemia. 39.6% (19/48) of women with HbEE developed mild anemia ,while 11 cases of male with HbE homozygotes were asymptomatic. The levels of MCV and MCH in HbE homozygotes increased by co-inheritance of α thalassemia mutation. CONCLUSION The clinical phenotype of HbE homozygote shows highly heterogeneous, which is relates with age, sex and co-inheriting α-globin genotypes. In Hb EE women and children are more likely to develop mild to moderate anemia. The microcytic hypochromic anemia degree is relieved when HbEE combined with α- thalassemia.
Child ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Hemoglobin E ; genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; alpha-Thalassemia

Objective To understand the epidemic status of clonorchiasis and awareness of prevention and control knowledge in Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province, so as to provide the evidences for control measures. Methods The baseline survey was carried out with a clue in vestigation of raw-fish eating behavior in potential endemic areas in 2016.The residents were examined by stool tests. The metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in fish, the rediae and cercariae in freshwater mollusk were detected. The feces samples of cats, dogs and pigs were collected and examined by sedimentation technique. Meanwhile, the epidemic factors, health knowledge and behavior were also surveyed. Results The residents in 26 villages had the habit of eating raw freshwater fish, and 19.51% of the respondents had this habit. The average infection rates of the population, Parafossarulus striatulus, freshwater fishes and reservoir hosts were 21.56%, 0, 8.24% and 2.27%, respectively. The infection rate of the population increased with age. There was a significant positive correlation between the behavior and the infection rate of the population (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). Only 11.46% of the respondents knew that eating raw-fish might cause C. sinensis infection, and 5.28% of them knew that C. sinensis was harmful to health. Conclusions Twenty-six villages in five townships were endemic areas of clonorchiasis in Xinfeng County. The permanent solution of prevention and control of clonorchiasis is to strengthen the health education and change the habit of raw-fish eating gradually.