Objective To analyze the influence of different processing methods,including frying,ginger frying,and salt frying,on the volatile components of A.fructus.Methods The volatile components in different processed products of A.fructus were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)based on multivariate statistical analysis.After OPLS-DA analysis,the different components were screened under the conditions of VIP＞1.5 and P＜0.05 and were qualitatively searched using the NIST 11 spectral library.Results A total of 49 different components were identified,with 14 components only changing in the seed mass and 22 components changing in the peel.The content of camphor could be significantly reduced in the seed mass after A.fructus was processed and the content of bornyl acetate significantly increased in the peel of frying A.fructus.Salt frying had a great influence on the alkanes in A.fructus,and ginger processing did not only increase the volatile components in ginger,which reflected the complexity of the processing mechanism.Conclusion At present,the specific processing mechanism is not clear,but the experimental results provide theoretical data for the "detoxification and efficiency enhancement" effect of A.fructus processing,reflecting the scientific nature of the processing,enriching the processing theory of A.fructus,and providing a reference for further in-depth research on the activity of different processed products of A.fructus.

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between walking pace(WP)with interver-tebral disc degeneration(IVDD)and low back pain(LBP)by using two-sample Mendelian randomisation(MR)analysis method.Methods A genome-wide association study database of WP,IVDD and LBP was ob-tained,and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)strongly associated with exposure were obtained as the in-strumental variables.The two confounders of smoking and sedentary were conservatively removed,and the MR analyses were performed by inverse variance weighting(IVW),weighted median,and MR-Egger methods to assess the causal relationship between WP with IVDD and LBP.The consistency and accuracy of results were ensured by heterogeneity,diversity tests,MR-PRESSO and negative control.Results The I VW results showed a significant negative correlation between WP and IVDD(OR=0.348,95％CI:0.183-0.661,P=0.001)and vice versa(OR=0.972,95％CI:0.953-0.992,P=0.007).Meanwhile there was also a significant negative correlation between WP and LBP(OR=0.214,95％CI:0.119-0.385,P＜0.001),but no causal re-lationship was found between LBP and WP.Conclusion Faster WP could effectively prevent the occurrence of IVDD and LBP,and IVDD may contribute to the occurrence of slow walking.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant obstruction of the biliary tract. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with malignant biliary obstruction treated by PDT in our medical center. On the basis of different treatment plans, the patients were categorized into the photodynamic only group and the combined treatment group, in which additional interventional operations, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy were arranged. The alterations in liver function, duration of biliary patency, and postoperative complications that occurred within one month were closely monitored in both groups. Results A total number of 19 patients were enrolled in this study. The technical success rate of PDT was 100%. The deterioration of liver function was not observed in any patients within one month after PDT. Within a maximum of 17.7 months follow-up, the patency rates of the biliary tract were 100.0%, 89.5%, 72%, and 64% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure, respectively. The mean biliary patency time was 6.9±0.8 months (95%CI: 5.2-8.7 months). Specifically, the biliary patency times for Bismuth type Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 7.5±1.1 and 6.1±1.3 months, respectively. The biliary patency time was around 3.3±0.7 months in the photodynamic only group and 7.9±0.9 months in the combined treatment group (P=0.017). Conclusion PDT for Bismuth Ⅲ-Ⅳ malignant biliary obstruction is safe and effective. Moreover, the period of biliary patency is greatly extended when PDT is combined with systemic therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib on pa-tients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:Twenty-one patients were treated with TACE combined with 250 mg of apatinib once a day. Disease classification was assessed by investigators using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tu-mors (mRECIST). The evaluation period was 28 days. Results:The therapeutic effects were classified as follows:3 patients (14.3%) had complete response, 6 patients (28.6%) had partial response, 5 patients (23.8%) had stable disease, and 2 patients (9.5%) had progres-sive disease. The disease control rate was 61.9%, and the objective response rate was 38.1%. In patients, the most frequent adverse events were fatigue (94.4%), anorexia (23.8%), diarrhea (19.0%), hypertension (19.0%), and hand-foot syndrome (19.0%). Conclusion:The short-term therapeutic effect revealed that the combination of TACE and apatinib could be a promising treatment for patients with advanced HCC. Adverse events should be closely monitored and provided with active management.

Objective To study CT-guided localization of additional pulmonary nodules with microcoils prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection in patients with suspected lung cancer.Methods Eleven patients suspected lung cancer underwent preoperative microcoils localization towards additional small pulmonary nodules.The head of microcoil was pinpointed adjacent to the target nodule while its end tail remained above the visceral pleura.VATS were performed within 24 hours, and comprehensive assessments were conducted according to surgical and pathological outcomes of primary and additional lesions, and suitable surgical processes were followed.Results All 11 localizing pulmonary nodules (4-15 mm in diameter) were successfully removed after VATS, 9 microcoils'' end tails of which were placed above visceral pleural surface.There were no serious complications related with localizing procedure.Other 16 lesions including 11 primary ones were resected.The surgical and pathological outcomes for lung lesions were utterly assessed.Conclusion Microcoil preoperative localization provides helpful orientation for complete resection and assessment of multiple pulmonary lesions in patients with suspected lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in treatment of portal vein stenosis (PVS) after pediatric liver transplantation.Methods The data of 8 pediatric patients with PVS after liver transplantation were retrospectively evaluated.All cases were confirmed by portal vein angiography,and were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or percutaneous transluminal stent angioplasty.The effect of endovascular interventional therapy in 8 cases was analyzed.Results A total of 12 times of 8 patients received endovascular interventional therapy.The success rate was 66.67％ (8/12).The clinical success rate of the first treatment was 62.50％ (5/8).Three cases were treated with balloon dilation after the first balloon dilation,and there was no recurrence of PVS after operation in 2 cases.After the treatment of balloon dilation,stent angioplasty was performed in 1 case.There were no complications related to treatment in 8 cases.Conclusion Endovascular interventional treatment is a safe and effective way for PVS after pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective To observe the value of endovascular treatment of portal vein stenosis (PVS) after pediatric liver transplantation for biliary artesia.Methods The data of 14 children with PVS after liver transplantation for biliary atresia were retrospectively evaluated.All children were confirmed by portal vein angiography,and were treated with 1-2 times of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without percutaneous transluminal stent angioplasty.The effect of endovascular interventional therapy in 14 children was analyzed.Results A total of 14 children received 23 times of endovascular interventional therapy.The technical success rate of the first treatment was 82.61％ (19/23).Ten children were treated with balloon dilatation,and stent angioplasty was performed in 4 children after balloon dilatation.These stents were not narrowed after implantation.There were no complications related to treatment in 14 cases.Conclusion Endovascular treatment for PVS after liver transplantation for biliary atresia is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate association of pancreatic fat content and lipid levels in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifty four subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 22 volunteers without type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study.Pancreatic fat content was determined with magnetic resonance imaging.Lipid levels were measured.Results The pancreatic fat content in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and control subjects was (17.13 ± 10.35) ％ and (11.62 ±7.15)％, respectively (P =0.025).Median pancreatic fat content of subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes correlated negatively with total cholesterol level (r =-0.361, P =0.007) and triglycerides level (r =-0.346, P =0.010).Conclusions Increased levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol might relieve the extent of pancreatic fat content.

With the increasing incidences of pancreatic diseases and the rapid development in techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lately, superiorities of MRI are obvious. This article reviewed MRI depictions of pancreatic diseases, their values in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and clinical application of MRI in this field.