Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of olfactory carcinoma (OC). Methods: Twenty-one cases of sinonasal tumors, including those initially diagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and those with uncertain diagnosis, were collected from the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) from January 2016 to August 2022, among which 3 cases were reclassified as OC. The clinicopathological features were investigated, and the remaining 18 cases were used as control. Results: Of the three OC patients, 2 were male and 1 was female, with an average age of 57 years ranging from 35 to 74 years. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged in solid, nested or lobulated patterns with occasional palisading around the solid nests. The stroma was highly vascular with focal neurofibrillary areas. There were prominent rosettes or pseudorosettes formation. The tumor cells were mainly ovoid to spindly with scant to moderate amount of cytoplasm, one or several small nucleoli, and fine chromatin content. Brisk mitotic figures were seen. In all 3 cases of OC, there were scanty atypical glands and some were ciliated. Immunohistochemically, at least one epithelial marker and neuroendocrine marker were diffusely expressed in the tumor. Some of the tumor cells were positive for p40 and p63, and the sustentacular cells showed the expression of S-100 protein. All cases tested were negative for NUT, CD99 and desmin, with intact expression of SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCB1 (INI-1). Ki-67 proliferation index varied from 20% to 80%. Follow-up after 16-18 months showed no mortality with tumor recurrence from 1 patient after 16 months. Conclusion: OC is a rare sinonasal tumor with neuroepithelial differentiation, its histomorphology is diverse, and the combination of immunohistochemical markers is essential for appropriate diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/chemistry* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism* ; Carcinoma/chemistry* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; S100 Proteins ; DNA Helicases/metabolism* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic role of STAT6 immunohistochemistry in solitary fibrous tumors (SFT)/meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPC).

METHODEvaluated the expression of STAT6, vimentin, CD34, EMA, PR, S-100, CD56, GFAP and Ki-67 in a cohort of 37 SFT/meningeal HPC, 30 meningiomas and 30 schwannomas by immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSAll SFT/meningeal HPC demonstrated nuclear positivity for STAT6, and the proportion of positive tumor cells ranged from 60% to 95%, with no significant difference cases.Vimentin was strongly positive in all cases. CD34, EMA and PR positivity was found in 32 cases, 1 case and 4 cases, respectively.S-100 protein, CD56 and GFAP were negative; Ki-67 labeling index was 1%-8%. However, the meningiomas and schwannomas were negative for STAT6.

CONCLUSIONSSTAT6 is a relatively specific biomarker for SFT/meningeal HPC, and may be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SFT/meningeal HPC, especially for the atypical cases, and allows the precise pathologic diagnosis of SFT/meningeal HPC.

Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; analysis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Hemangiopericytoma ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Meningioma ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Neurilemmoma ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; S100 Proteins ; analysis ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Vimentin ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the esophagus.

METHODSTen cases of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus were retrieved from the archival file. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features were studied. The differential diagnosis was analyzed.

RESULTSThe male-to-female ratio was 9: 1. The age of patients ranged from 59 to 76 years. There were 4 cases with tumor located in mid esophagus, 4 cases with tumor located in mid to lower esophagus and the remaining 2 cases in lower esophagus. Low-power histologic examination showed mainly expansive growth pattern, with cribriform, solid and focal tubular architectures identified. The tumor cells showed nuclear hyperchromasia. Both ductal and myoepithelial differentiation was demonstrated. The stroma showed myxoid degeneration in areas. Comedo-type necrosis was observed in 8 cases and moderate to severe squamous dysplasia was present in one case. Three cases showed focal areas of squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for p63 (10/10), CD117 (10/10) and S-100 protein (9/10). There was focal staining for calponin (2/10) and smooth muscle actin (2/10). The ductal structures expressed CK7 (10/10).

CONCLUSIONSAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus demonstrates unique morphologic features with expression of S-100 protein and consistent expression of CD117. The above characteristics help to distinguish this entity from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Aged ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; chemistry ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; chemistry ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemistry ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

We report a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of a sublingual gland in a 70-year-old man. Under a clinical diagnosis of benign salivary gland tumor, excision of the mass with the sublingual salivary gland in an en bloc fashion via an intraoral approach was performed. Histopathologically, there was a rupture of the fibrous capsule and diffuse cell-rich sheets composed of myoepithelial cells with round nuclei were also seen. Immunohistochemically, the cells that composed of cell rich sheets were positive to smooth muscle actin. Final diagnosis of myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was made.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Humans ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Myoepithelioma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; S100 Proteins ; analysis ; Sublingual Gland Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology

Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanoma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Melanosis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Meninges ; chemistry ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is very rare, and metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation is even rarer. Here, we report a case of metaplastic carcinoma with extensive chondroid differentiation mimicking chondrosarcoma that was challenging to diagnose. The tumor was characterized by an abundant chondromyxoid matrix. The definitive area of classic invasive ductal carcinoma was minimal. The peripheral portion of the tumor showed increased cellularity with pleomorphism and definitive invasive growth. Tumor cells in the chondrosarcomatous areas were diffusely immunoreactive for S-100 protein, patchy positive for cytokeratin, but negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Tumor cells in carcinomatous areas were diffusely positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and patchy positive for EMA. In both areas, tumor cells were negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34, while oncoprotein p53 was overexpressed. When pathologists encounter breast tumors with chondroid differentiation, careful sampling and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and SMA are most helpful to differentiate metaplastic carcinoma from malignant phyllodes tumor and malignant adenomyoepithelioma.
S100 Proteins/chemistry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Muscle, Smooth/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Metaplasia ; Keratins/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Humans ; Female ; Cell Differentiation ; Carcinoma/*complications/metabolism/pathology ; CA-15-3 Antigen/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/*pathology ; Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis ; Actins/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo report the first case of primary epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) in the liver.

METHODSThe clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and histopathological changes of EMC in this case were described. The patient was a thirty-seven-year old female. A 10 cm lesion was detected in the right liver upon a routine examination. Following that, the CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), repeated puncture biopsies, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection were done with no specificity and significance found.

RESULTSRight hemi-hepatectomy was performed. The special double catheterization cannula was found in the histopathological examination, and the final diagnosis of EMC was proven by immuno-histochemical staining.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary EMC is difficult to be finally diagnosed prior to the surgery. The diagnosis can be confirmed using pathological examination and immuno-histochemical staining of the specimen.

Actins ; analysis ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; surgery ; Muscle, Smooth ; chemistry ; Myoepithelioma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) occurring in the central nervous system.

METHODSTwo cases of AT/RT were studied by hematoxylin-eosin, reticulin and immunohistochemical staining. The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed and the literatures reviewed.

RESULTSHistologically, AT/RT was characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells associated with various degrees of primitive neuroectodermal, epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation. Abundant reticulin fibers and a complex immunophenotype were observed. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD99, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, neurofilament, desmin and smooth muscle actin. They were negative for synaptophysin, MyoD1, placental alkaline phosphatase and HMB45.

CONCLUSIONSAT/RT is a highly malignant tumor occurring in the central nervous system. It manifests mainly in children and occasionally in adults. The tumor is characterized by a heterogeneous histologic and immunohistochemical phenotype. It needs to be distinguished from a number of central nervous system tumors, including medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, germ cell neoplasm and rhabdoid meningioma.

12E7 Antigen ; Actins ; analysis ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; analysis ; Child, Preschool ; Desmin ; analysis ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; analysis ; Muscle, Smooth ; chemistry ; Neurofilament Proteins ; analysis ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; analysis ; Teratoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; analysis

Cystectomy ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Granular Cell Tumor ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery

Cochlear Nerve ; chemistry ; pathology ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism