Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common nonfatal disease burden worldwide. Systemic chronic low-grade inflammation has been reported to be associated with MDD progression by affecting monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, whether various proinflammatory cytokines are abnormally elevated before the first episode of depression is still largely unclear. Here, we evaluated 184 adolescent patients who were experiencing their first episode of depressive disorder, and the same number of healthy individuals was included as controls. We tested the serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IgE, 14 different types of food antigen-specific IgG, histamine, homocysteine, S100 calcium-binding protein B, and diamine oxidase. We were not able to find any significant differences in the serum levels of hs-CRP or TNF-α between the two groups. However, the histamine level of the patients (12.35 μM) was significantly higher than that of the controls (9.73 μM, P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Moreover, significantly higher serum food antigen-specific IgG positive rates were also found in the patient group. Furthermore, over 80% of patients exhibited prolonged food intolerance with elevated levels of serum histamine, leading to hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier, which has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. Hence, prolonged high levels of serum histamine could be a risk factor for depressive disorders, and antihistamine release might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for depression treatment.
Adolescent ; Biomarkers ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; blood ; complications ; Histamine ; blood ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; immunology ; Inflammation Mediators ; blood ; Male ; Risk Factors ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood ; Young Adult

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Calbindin 2 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Mesothelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; Orchiectomy ; methods ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Testis ; metabolism ; pathology

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Claudins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism

12E7 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; MART-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Steroidogenic Factor 1 ; metabolism ; WT1 Proteins ; metabolism

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Calbindin 2 ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Leiomyoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Mesothelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Omentum ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Teratoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Uterine Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Calbindin 2 ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology

12E7 Antigen ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovariectomy ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and treatment options of ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS).

METHODSLight microscopy and immunohistochemical study was carried out in 8 cases of ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS. The literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThe 7 cases of benign ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS were composed mainly of polygonal cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and larger cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. They resembled the architecture of normal adrenal gland, with formation of cell nests and trabeculae. The single case of malignant ovarian steroid cell tumor had evidence of significant cellular pleomorphism, haemorrhage and coagulative tumor necrosis. The mitotic count measured about 7 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed calretinin and alpha-inhibin. Differential diagnosis included oxyphilic granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, Sertoli cell tumor and clear cell carcinoma. The treatment options of benign ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS was local excision or ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, while the malignant counterpart should be treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, including administration of GnRH agonist.

CONCLUSIONSOvarian steroid cell tumor, NOS, is the most common type of ovarian steroid cell tumors. Most of which are associated with a benign clinical outcome. Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunct for diagnosis. The treatment options of ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS depend on its malignant potential.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Calbindin 2 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovariectomy ; methods ; Ovary ; pathology ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thecoma ; pathology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Calbindin 2 ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mesothelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Erythrina variegata (EV) on Ca2+ homeostasis in ovariectomized rats and the regulation on gene expression in duodenum and kidney.

METHODFour weeks after surgical operation, the ovariectomized (OVX) rats were administered orally with estradiol and EV extracts for 14 weeks. Ca level in serum and urine was measured by colorimetric methods, and gene expressions in duodenum and kidney were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTEV extracts could improve the serum Ca level and inhibite the urinary Ca excretion in OVX rats, and this might be due to the upregulation of EV on VDR mRNA expression in duodenum and CaBP-9k mRNA expression in kidney.

CONCLUSIONEV could maintain Ca homeostasis in OVX rats.

Animals ; Calcium ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Duodenum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Erythrina ; chemistry ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Homeostasis ; drug effects ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; genetics