Objective:To analyze the current status of diagnosis and treatment of rosacea in China, and to strengthen the understanding and management of this disease.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, and patients with rosacea were enrolled from 23 tertiary hospitals in 6 provinces or municipalities in northern and southern China. Clinical characteristics, previous diagnosis and treatment status of these patients were collected through questionnaires. Non-normally distributed continuous data were described by M ( Q1, Q3), and compared using Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical data were compared using chi-square test. Results:Among the 593 patients with rosacea, 164 were males and 429 were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶2.6; 205 patients were from southern China, and 388 from northern China; most patients (349 cases, 58.8%) were aged 20 to 40 years, and the patients from northern China were significantly older than those from southern China (median age: 37 years vs. 30 years, P < 0.001). Multiple-site involvement (371 cases, 62.6%) and coexistence of multiple phenotypes (391 cases, 65.9%) were common, the cheeks (429 cases, 72.3%) and nose (393 cases, 66.3%) were mostly affected, and skin lesions mainly manifested as persistent erythema (354 cases, 59.7%), papulopustules (344 cases, 58.0%), and telangiectasia (282 cases, 47.6%). Involvement of the cheeks was more common in the patients from southern China (160 cases, 78.0%) than in those from northern China (269 cases, 69.3%), but the nose and eyes were less involved in the patients from southern China than in those from northern China (nose: 125 cases [61.0%] vs. 268 cases [69.1%]; eyes: 3 cases [1.5%] vs. 23 cases [5.9%]; both P < 0.05). The prevalence of transient erythema and papulopustules was significantly higher in the patients from southern China (38.0% and 65.4%, respectively) than in those from northern China (20.9% and 54.1% respectively, both P < 0.05), while the patients from northern China more frequently presented with persistent erythema compared with those from southern China (64.9% vs. 49.8%, P < 0.05). The disease duration ( M [ Q1, Q3]) was 12 (4, 30) months among the patients with rosacea, and the time from the onset to diagnosis was 10 (3, 24) months. The disease duration was significantly longer (12 [4, 36] months), and the proportion of patients with disease duration > 5 years was significantly higher (16.4% [63 cases]) in the patients from northern China than in those from southern China (12 [3, 24] months, 9.4% [19 cases], respectively; both P < 0.05). The patients with varied subtypes and severity of rosacea were previously mainly treated with topical antimicrobial agents (71.9%) ; 72.7% of the patients with mild rosacea were treated with systemic drugs; poor patient compliance was observed, and only 40.6% of the patients completed more than 4 consecutive weeks of treatment at a time. Conclusions:Rosacea usually occurred in young and middle-aged people in China, mostly involved the cheeks and nose, and mainly manifested as erythema or papulopustules. Delayed diagnosis, non-standard treatment and poor patient compliance existed in clinical practice.

Objective: To analyze the associations among body mass index (BMI), learning screen/gaming screen exposure and executive function in preschool children in Anhui Province, so as to provide a basis for promoting the development of executive function in preschool children. Methods: In June 2022, a stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods were used to survey 3 534 mothers of preschool children in Wuhu City, Luan City, and Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) was used to assess the preschool childrens executive function abnormalities. Binary Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships among BMI, learning screen/gaming screen exposure, and their combined effects on executive function abnormalities. Results: The detection rate of abnormal executive function in preschool children was 9.65%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors such as pregnancyinduced hypertension, primary caregivers, family per capita monthly income and family structure, the risk of abnormal executive function of children in overweight/obesity group and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure group increased significantly (overweight/obesity:OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.31-2.42, learning screen exposure:OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.18-1.86, gaming screen exposure:OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91,P<0.05). Compared with children with normal BMI and low learning screen/gaming screen screen exposure, those with both overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure had a significantly greater risk of executive function abnormalities (OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.29-3.31; OR=2.42, 95%CI=1.59-3.68,P<0.05). Conclusions Overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure are important risk factors for executive function abnormalities in preschool children. Therefore, actively guiding preschool children to develop healthy life habits to promote the normal development of their executive functions is essential.

OBJECTIVE To screen out the pharmacodynamic substances of Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts, explore the basis of the pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanism of action in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN), based on the spectral relationship between the mass spectral peak areas of different elution sites of Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts and their anti-DN effects. METHODS UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique was used to characterise the chromatographic peaks; MTT method was used to detect the effects of different elution sites of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract on the proliferation of high glucose and high fat HK-2 cells; grey correlation analysis and partial least squares method were used to analyse the spectral relationship between mass spectrometry peak area and anti-DN activity. MTT method was used to determine the anti-DN activities of the individual components of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract; biochemical kit and ELISA were used to determine the levels of oxidative indicators(SOD, GSH-P) and inflammatory factors(IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β); Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique speculated and identified 72 common compounds; In Cistanches Herba aqueous extracts, water, 20% ethanol, and 40% ethanol-eluted sites differentially increased the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells in a high-sugar, high-fat environment; Partial least squares and grey correlation analyses showed that the constituents of the aqueous extracts of Cistanches Herba with greater anti-DN contributions were 8-epideoxymatricinic acid, geniposidic acid, pinoresinol, betaine and syringin, et al. MTT assay reveals that 8-epi-deoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid had significant proliferative effects on HK-2 cells in a high glucose and high fat environment; Biochemical kit and ELISA showed that 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid were able to up-regulate the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and at the same time they had an inhibitory effect on the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β. Western blotting results showed that 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid were able to down-regulate and up-regulate the markers of dermal mesenchymal transition: α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ and E-cadherin, and they could exert anti-DN effects by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSION The two compounds, 8-epideoxystrychnic acid and geniposidic acid, which are screened by the spectroeffective relationship of anti-DN among the many chemical constituents contained in Cistanches Herba, can affect oxidative stress, inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of renal tubular cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and improve renal pathology, degree of fibrosis and renal function, which will be useful for the in-depth study of aqueous extracts of Cistanches Herba in the treatment of DN.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Cichorium glandulosum in the treatment of liver fibrosis by using network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS A "component-target-pathway" network was constructed with the help of TCMSP, Pubchem, SwissTargetPrediction and Genecards databases, and the STRING database was used to predict the targets of Cichorium glandulosum against liver fibrosis. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis was performed in the DAVID database, and molecular docking of active ingredients and key targets was docked in AUTODOCK. PDGF-BB was used to induce activation of cells and verify the effects of six compounds, including quercetin, quercetin, chicoric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and liver fibrosis indicators of HSC-T6 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ras, ERK1, ERK2, C-fos, and JNK proteins in HSC-T6 cells. RESULTS Network pharmacology screened 239 common targets between the components and liver fibrosis, PPI analysis showed that SRC, STAT3, HSP90AA1 and other targets were key targets, KEGG analysis showed that the pathways affected by Cichorium glandulosum included cancer pathways, metabolic pathways, etc. GO analysis predicted that Cichorium glandulosum mainly affected processes such as signal transduction. The molecular docking results showed that the target that could bind well with the components MAPK1, and the components that could bind well with the target aesculetin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Compared with the model group, the inhibition effect of the six compounds on PDGF-BB-induced HSC-T6 cell activation was stronger, and all 6 compounds had the effects to reverse the index of liver fibrosis, in which aesculetin had the strongest activity(P<0.01). The expression of Ras, ERK1, ERK2, C-fos, and JNK in HSC-T6 cells decreased after the interventions of 6 compounds. CONCLUSION Each component of Cichorium glandulosum has different anti liver fibrosis effects, which are related to the inhibition of ERK/RAS pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)on neuroinflammatory injury in the penumbra of traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats.Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the PDTC group,TBI group,sham operation group and control group according to the random number table method,with 15 rats in each group.Rats in the PDTC group were intraperitoneally injected with PDTC(100 mg·kg-1)at 15 minutes before surgery;while the rats in the TBI group,sham operation group,and control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of double distilled water.After the cranial window of rats in the TBI group and PDTC group was created,a 2.5 g steel rod with an inner diameter of 6.0 mm was dropped freely from a height of 75 cm through a transparent polyvinyl chloride tube with an inner diameter of 7.0 mm to impact the dura mater and induce right parietal lobe contusion and laceration to establish the TBI model;rats in the sham operation group were sealed with bone wax after the cranial window creation,without any impact applied;rats in the control group were raised under normal conditions.The modified neurological severity score(mNSS)was used to evaluate the degree of neurobehavioral damage in rats in each group at 1,4 and 7 days after modeling.At 2 days after modeling,5 rats in each group were decapitated,and brain tissues were taken for hematoxylin & eosin(HE)staining,and morphological changes of the brain tissues were observed under an optical microscope.The expressions of β-amyloid precursor protein(β-APP)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the brain tissues of rats in each group were detected by immunohistochemical staining.At 24 hours after modeling,5 rats in each group were decapitated,and the right injured penumbra tissues were obtained;the expressions of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)P65,phosphorylated NF-κB P65,inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB),phosphorylated IKB,NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and caspase-1 protein in the right injured penumbra tissue of rats in each group were detected by Western blot,and the expressions of NF-κB P65,IκB,NLRP3 and caspase-1 mRNA in the right injured penumbra tissue of rats in each group were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results At 1,4,and 7 days after modeling,the mNSS scores of rats in the TBI group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the PDTC group,control group and sham operation group.The mNSS scores of rats in the PDTC group were significantly higher than those in the control group and sham operation group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in mNSS scores between the sham operation group and the control group(P＞0.05).The neurons and neurogliocyte of rats in the control group and the sham operation group exhibited normal morphology,without swelling and wide-ning of intercellular space.Diffuse hemorrhagic changes were observed in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group,with different morphologies of neuronal cell body,unclear cell membrane and cytoplasm,pyknosis of cell nuclei,often triangular shape,disappearance of normal structure and nucleoli,and diffuse white blood cells and red blood cells filling the field of vision.The lesion surrounding area of rats in the PDTC group showed ischemic changes,with mild shrinkage of neuronal volume,a uniform light red color,karyopyknosis,nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation,disappearance of normal structure and nucleoli,and localization of neuroinflammation.There was no significant expression of β-APP and GFAP in the cerebral cortex of rats in the control group and the sham operation group,while the accumulation of β-APP and GFAP in neuronal serosae and/or axons was observed in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group and the PDTC group.Compared with the TBI group,a decrease in the number and the expression intensity of β-APP and GFAP-positive stained neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex of rats was observed in the PDTC group.The relative expression of NF-κB P65 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the sham operation group,TBI group and PDTC group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the relative expression of NF-κB P65 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly higher than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of phosphorylated NF-κB P65 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group and the sham operation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the relative expression of phosphorylated NF-κB P65 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the sham operation group,and the relative expression of phosphorylated NF-κB P65 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in both TBI group and sham operation group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of IκB protein in the brain tissues of rats between the sham operation group and the control group(P＞0.05);the relative expression of IκB protein in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the relative expression of IκB protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the control group,sham operation group,and TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of phosphorylated IκB protein in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the sham operation group,and the relative expression of phosphorylated IκB protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly higher than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the sham opera-tion group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the relative expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group and the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the sham operation group and the control group,and the relative expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group was significantly lower than that in the PDTC group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of caspase-1 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the sham opera-tion group,PDTC group,and TBI group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the relative expression of caspase-1 protein in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of NF-κB P65 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group,TBI group,and sham operation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the relative expression of NF-κB P65 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group and TBI group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group,and the relative expres-sion of NF-κB P65 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of IκB mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group and TBI group were signifi-cantly higher than that in the control group,and the expression of IκB mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the sham operation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of IκB mRNA in the brain tis-sues of rats in the PDTC group and TBI group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group,and the relative expression of IκB mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of NLRP3 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group and TBI group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the relative expression of NLRP3 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the sham operation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the relative expression of NLRP3 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group and TBI group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group,and the relative expression of NLRP3 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the TBI group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of caspase-1 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the sham operation group,TBI group,and PDTC group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the relative expression of caspase-1 mRNA in the brain tissues of rats in the TBI group and PDTC group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion PDTC can effectively improve neural functional deficit score and reduce neuroinflammatory injury in TBI rats,the mechanism of which may be related to regulating mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis-related inflammatory injury indicators and regulating downstream inflammatory factors.

Background Subways are typical congregate settings and may facilitate aerosol transmission of viruses. However, quantified transmission probability estimates are lacking. Purpose To model spread and diffusion of respiratory aerosols in subways by simulation and calculation of infection probabilities. Methods The internal environment of carriages of Shanghai Metro Line 10 was used to establish a study scene. The movement of tiny particles was simulated using the turbulent model. Trend analysis of infection probabilities and viral quantum doses was conducted in a closed subway carriage scene by a quantum emission-infection probability model. Results Under a typical twelve-vent air conditioning configuration, respiratory droplet aerosols within a subway carriage dispersed rapidly throughout various regions due to airflow, with limited short-term diffusion to other carriages. Concurrently, owing to the uncertainty of airflow patterns, the airflow might circulate and converge within carriages, causing delayed outward dispersion or hindered dispersion of droplet aerosols upon entry into these zones. Passengers boarding the carriage could exacerbate the formation of these zones. When the air conditioning system functioned adequately (air exchange rate=23.21 h⁻¹), the probability of a virus carrier transmitting the virus to other passengers within the same carriage via aerosol transmission was approximately 3.8%. However, in the event of air conditioning system failure (air exchange rate=0.5 h⁻¹), this probability escalated dramatically to 30%. Furthermore, a super-spreader (with virus spreading exceeding 90% of the average) elevated the infection probability to 14.9%. Additionally, due to the complexity of turbulence within the carriage, if local diffusion occurred in 1/2 zones of a carriage, the anticipated infection probability would increase to 8.9%, or during the morning or evening rush hours leading to elevated aerosol concentrations, the infection probability would rise to 4.7%. The subway transmission probability for common coronaviruses diminished to as low as 0.9%. Conclusion Combined computational fluid dynamics and infection probability analysis reveals that in the prevalent twelve-vent air conditioning configurations, despite being a major transportation hub with substantial spatial-temporal overlap, the internal space of subway carriages exhibits a certain level of resistance to virus aerosol transmission owing to built-in ventilation capabilities. However, turbulence and passenger positioning may lead to localized hovering of droplet aerosols, thereby increase the risk of virus transmission. Furthermore, super-spreaders, poor operational status of built-in air conditioning system, and high passenger volume at morning or evening peak hours exert profound effects on virus transmission and infection probability.

Objective: To explore the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of preschool offspring, and to provide reference for prevention and intervention of emotional and behavior problems in preschool children. Methods: A total of 4 100 preschool children aged 3-6 in Fuyang City were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling method in June 2021. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to investigate preschool children s EBPs and maternal emotional symptoms, respectively. Results: The detection rates of preschool children s emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer interaction problems, prosocial behavior and difficulty scores were 15.7%, 17.4%, 20.0%, 32.3%, 15.1% and 15.8%, respectively. The detection rates of mother s depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 7.9%, 12.7% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with children of mothers with no depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, offspring of mothers reported depression, anxiety and stress symptoms had significantly higher risks of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and total difficulties ( OR=1.76-6.35, P <0.01). Maternal emotional symptoms had the most significant effect on children s emotional symptoms, and there was no significant correlation between maternal stress symptoms and children s prosocial behavior ( OR=1.40, P >0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the relationship between maternal emotional symptoms and children s emotional and behavioral problems ( ROR=0.73-1.07, P >0.05). For only children whose mothers reported stress symptoms showed a higher risk of emotional and behavior problems than non singleton children ( ROR=2.03, P <0.05). Conclusion Maternal emotional symptoms are related to preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems. Early identification and intervention of mother s negative emotional symptoms, are beneficial to the prevention of preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems.

Humans ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Registries ; China/epidemiology*

Objective:To evaluate the clinical curative effect of self-made Lishi Qufeng Juanbi Decoction combined with Febuxostat tablet on uric acid nephropathy (UAN).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 150 patients with UAN in Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled as the observation objects between October 2019 to October 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into two groups, 75 in each group. The control group was treated with Febuxostat tablets on basis of routine diet intervention, while the observation group was treated with self-made Lishi Qufeng Juanbi Decoction on basis of control group. All were continuously treated for 6 months. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and creatinine (SCr) were detected by full-automatic biochemical analyzer, and levels of serum CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The 24h urine was collected to detect 24 h urine protein quantitation. The adverse events were recorded, and clinical curative effect was evaluated.Results:There were significant differences in total response rate between observation group and control group [93.33% (70/75) vs. 80.00% (60/75); χ2=5.77, P=0.016]. After treatment, scores of waist soreness-fatigue and frequent nocturia in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=9.17, 2.67, P<0.01), and frequency of joint swelling pain was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=9.49, P<0.01). The levels of serum SUA and SCr, and 24 h urine protein quantitation in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=3.38, 2.49, 12.55, P<0.01 or P<0.05), and levels of CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=5.44, 4.15, 9.61, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between observation group and control group [4.00% (3/75) vs. 10.67% (8/75); χ2=2.45, P=0.117]. Conclusion:The self-made Lishi Qufeng Juanbi Decoction combined with Febuxostat tablets can promote uric acid metabolism, improve high uric acid environment, protect renal function, inhibit the release of inflammatory factors, improve curative effect and reduce adverse reactions in UAN patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and mycological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of invasive candidiasis(IC)in the elderly.Methods:This retrospective study included aged patients(≥65 years)admitted to the Peking University First Hospital between January, 2010 and December, 2019, who were diagnosed with IC based on positive culture results.The infecting strains were re-identified and their antifungal drug resistance was tested.The clinical and mycological characteristics, treatment and prognosis information of the elderly patients were collected and compared with those of non-elderly adults.Results:A total of 99 aged patients were included, with a median age of 78(70-83)years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.1∶1.0.The elderly accounted for 62.7%(99/158)of the adult IC patients.Compared with their younger counterparts, elderly patients were more likely to need medium-to long-term hospitalization and intensive care unit(ICU)stay, and to show concurrent heart failure, respiratory failure or renal failure, to require mechanical ventilation, and to show deep-seated bacterial infections and multifocal Candida colonization, especially for those with previous fluconazole exposure( P<0.05). Bloodstream was the most common Candida transmission route(71/99, 71.7%)and Candida albicans was the most prevalent species(47/99, 47.5%). Antifungal resistance was highest for fluconazole(17/117, 14.5%)and voriconazole(15/117, 12.8%). No significant difference was found between elderly patients and non-elderly patients in terms of infected sites, Candida species, and antifungal resistance( P>0.05). A total of 86 patients(86.9%)received systemic antifungal treatment and fluconazole was the most commonly used drug(35/86, 40.7%). The thirty-day all-cause mortality in aged IC patients was 32.6%(29/89), significantly higher than in younger patients( P=0.022). Logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age( OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.20, P<0.001), renal failure( OR=4.81; 95% CI: 1.65-14.03; P=0.004), and a high Candida score( OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.06-3.11, P=0.031)significantly increased the risk of death. Conclusions:Elderly patients were the main affected population of IC, and the mortality of IC steadily increases with age.Treatment for aged IC patients should be proactive and cautious.