The chemical constituents from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia were systematically explored by chromatographic fractionation methods including silica gel, octadecylsilyl(ODS) gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(pre-HPLC). The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analyses, as well as the comparisons of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 22 isolated compounds from the 90% ethanol extract of the fruits of M. citrifolia were identified, which were moricitritone(1), 2'-deoxythymidine(2), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Tyr)(3), methyl-5-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarboxylate(4), methyl pyroglutamate(5), bisbenzopyran(6), epipinoresinol(7), 3, 3'-bisdemethyl pinoresinol(8), 3, 3'-bisdemethyltanegool(9), trimesic acid(10), crypticin B(11), kojic acid(12), vanillic acid(13), protocatechoic acid(14), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural(15), blumenol A(16), 1-O-(9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoyl) glycerol(17), mucic acid dimethylester(18), methyl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosylbenzoate(19), 2-phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucoside(20), scopoletin(21), and quercetin(22). Among them, compound 1 was a new pyrone derivative, compounds 2, 4-7, 10-12, and 17 were isolated from the plants belonging to Morinda genus for the first time, and compound 18 was obtained from M. citrifolia for the first time. Moreover, on the basis of testing the activities of all isolated compounds on inhibiting the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts in vitro by MTS assay, the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities of all isolated compounds were initially evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1-6, 9, 19, and 20 exhibited remarkable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which displayed the inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7A synovial fibroblast cells with the IC_(50) values in the range of(3.69±0.08) to(168.96±0.98) μmol·L~(-1).
Fruit/chemistry* ; Morinda/chemistry* ; Synoviocytes ; Cell Proliferation ; Arthritis

The chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Artocarpus incisus were isolated and purified via silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography as well as preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of all isolated compounds were identified in the light of their physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analyses, and comparisons of their physicochemical and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 20 compounds were isolated and characterized from the 90% ethanol extract of the branches and leaves of A. incisus, which were identified as tephrosin(1), 6-hydroxy-6 a, 12 a-dehydrodeguelin(2), sarcolobin(3), lupiwighteone(4), 12-deoxo-12α-methoxyelliptone(5), 6 aα,12 aα-12 a-hydroxyelliptone(6), homopterocarpin(7), 3-hydroxy-8,9-dimethoxypterocarpan(8), pterocarpin(9), maackiain(10), medicarpin(11), calycosin(12), genistein(13), formononetin(14), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy isoflavone(15), liquiritigenin(16), 4(15)-eudesmene-1β,7α-diol(17), ent-4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol(18), 1α-hydroxyisodauc-4-en-15-al(19), and guaianediol(20). Except compounds 13 and 16, all other compounds were isolated from the Artocarpus plants for the first time. Additionally, using MTS assay, compounds 1-20 were eva-luated for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities by measuring their anti-proliferative effects on synoviocytes in vitro. As a consequence, compounds 1-16 showed notable anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which displayed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MH7 A synovial fibroblast cells, with the IC_(50) values in range of(9.86±0.09)-(218.07±1.96) μmol·L~(-1).
Arthritis ; Artocarpus ; Cell Proliferation ; Ethanol ; Genistein ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Silica Gel ; Synoviocytes

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, prevention and treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD). METHODS: The clinical data of 164 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of IFD in our center from January 2012 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence, clinical characteristics, related factors, treatment methods and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 1289 cases of blood diseases, 164 cases suffered from IFD with inciduce of 12.7%. The main infection sites were as followed: lung, blood and gastrointestinal tract, with incidence of 84.2%, 5.5% and 3% respectively. The funge was found in 35 cases by detection; among fungi, the detected rate of candida albicans. aspergillus and candida glabrata was more high with 51.5%, 20% and 14.3% respectively. Among 164 childen with blood deseases complicated by IFD, 36 cases gained complete remission, 97 cases gained partial remission, 10 cases were stable, 11 cases were progressive and 10 cases died, the overall effective rate reached 81.1%. The univariate analysis showed that the gramulopenia, granulocyte recovery, long-term use of corticosteroid and immuno-suppressive agents, as well as different grades of diagnosis were significant factors affecting the efficacy of antifungal therapy for blood disease children with IFD, the multivariate analysis further showed that the granulocyte recovery and diagnosis grades were independent prognostic factors affecting the therapeutic efficacy for IFD children. The overall survival rate of IFD children with 12 weeks of antifungal treatnment was 81.7%, out of which the survival rate of IFD children at 12 weeks of treatment with itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin was 81.4%, 80%, 69.4% and 97.1% respectively, there were significant differences in survival rate between each other by long rank test. In addition of caspofungin, the other 3 kinds of drugs had toxic side effects of different degrees, but IFD children could tolerated these effects after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION The incidence of IFD in children with blood deseases in our hospital is 12.7%, the lung is most common infective site, moreover patogens of IFD mainly is candida. The promotion of granulocyte recovery and early stratified diagnosis can contribule to the treatment of IFD. For the IFD children with better economic condition, the caspofungin is a potent antifungal agent with high efficacy, low toxicity and better prognosis.
Amphotericin B ; Antifungal Agents ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases ; etiology ; Humans ; Invasive Fungal Infections ; complications ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of NOPHO-AML 2004 chemotherapy regimen for treatment of children with acute myelocytic leukemia(non-M3).

METHODSThirty-three patients aged 1-13 with acute myelocytic leukemia (non-M3) were diagnosed from January 2013 to June 2017. FAB typing showed that 1 case in M0, 4 cases in M1, 12 cases in M2, 5 cases in M4, 8 cases in M5, 1 case in M6, and 2 cases in M7; Risk stratification showed that: 19 cases in standard risk, and 14 cases in high risk. All patients were treated with NOPHO-AML 2004 chemotherapy regimen. SPSS 22.0 software was used, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method and Cox regression model were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSIn the first course of treatment (AIET), among 33 child patients there were 27 cases with complete remission, and 5 cases with non-remission, thus the remission rate was 81.8%. Out of the 5 child patients without remission, 4 cases reached to the complete remission after the second course (AM), and 1 case did not remission, thus the total remission rate was 96.9%.9 cases (27.3%) underwent bone marrow recurrence and the median recurrence time was 30 months after complete continuous remission. Univariate analysis showed that age and erythrocyte transfusion frequency were significant factors to affect the early treatment response; the multiple Cox regression analysis showed that: age >7, MRD positive, erythrocyte transfusion >4 times and poor response to early treatment were independent risk factors for recurrence; Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) in 8 high-risk children received enhanced chemotherapy had better efficacy as compared with the chemotherapy alone. The 3-year event-free survival rate was 59.9%, and 3-year overall survival rate was 69.2%. 33 children patients experienced varying degrees of infection and myelosuppression, or drug-related gastrointestinal reactions and allergic reactions, patients were tolerable to these side reactions after active symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONNOPHO-AML 2004 chemotherapy regimen has high response rate and good tolerance, early treatment response is an important factor influencing prognosis. Age and repeated red blood cell infusions are the important factors influencing the prognosis, which promote bone marrow recurrence in AML children. For the children suffered from clinical high-risk AML, the NOPHO-AML 2004 chemotherapy regimen combined with HSCT can improve the prognosis of patients.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDGlobally, the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41%. Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes, characteristics, and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.

METHODSAll the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January l, 2011, and December 31, 2011. All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire. Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 744 newborns died during the 1-year survey, accounting for 1.2% of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6% of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals. Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3% of all the death. The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection, respectively. In early neonate period, pulmonary diseases (56.5%) occupied the largest proportion of preterm deaths while infection (27%) and neurologic diseases (22%) were the two main causes of term deaths. In late neonate period, infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths. About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal. Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment, parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONSNeonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age. Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants. Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age. Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical decision.

Cause of Death ; China ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; mortality ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Perinatal Death ; Retrospective Studies

This study aims to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevailing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. The pol gene fragments from 250 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected MSM individuals during 2006-2010 in Beijing were amplified by RT-nested PCR, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. HIV-1 pol gene from 189 individuals were amplified and analyzed; 81 (42. 9%), 3 (1. 6%), 2 (1.0%), 88 (46. 6%), and 15 (7.9%) individuals were infected with HIV-1 subtypes B, B', C, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC, respectively. The subtypes B and CRF01_AE could both be grouped into two clusters, and CRFO7_BC strains shared high homology and were presumed to originate from a common ancestor. The HIV-1 circulating in MSM in Beijing had a lower genetic diversity than in heterosexuals. The HIV-1 epidemic (2006-2010) in MSM in Beijing was actually a rapid spread of HIV-1 CRF01 AE and B, or rather native strains of the two viruses.
Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the values of immunohistochemistry using T-cell lymphoma antibody (TCL) 1 and CD44 in the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for TCL1, CD44, CD10, bcl-2, bcl-6, c-myc and Ki-67 was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of lymphoma cases, including 25 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and 25 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

RESULTSBurkitt's lymphoma commonly expressed TCL1 (96%, 24 cases), CD10 (88%, 22 cases), bcl-6 and c-myc (92%, 23 cases). Only 1 case (4%) expressed CD44 and bcl-2. The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 95% to 100%. On the other hand, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma expressed CD44 (84%, 21 cases), CD10 (32%, 8 cases), bcl-6 (72%, 18 cases) and bcl-2 (72%, 18 cases). Four cases (16%) were weakly positive for TCL1. The staining for c-myc was all negative. The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 40% to 90%.

CONCLUSIONImmunohistochemical staining for TCL1 and CD44 is a useful ancillary tool in the pathologic diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma which is also helpful for the differential diagnosis from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic aberrations and their pathologic significance in follicular lymphoma (FL).

METHODSParaffin-embedded tissue samples of 55 cases of FL, 28 cases of other small B-cell lymphomas and 10 cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia were retrieved. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) in FL and other small B-cell lymphomas. The translocation t (14; 18) was studied by PCR and dual-color fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) in FL. Cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia were used as controls.

RESULTSAmongst the 55 cases studied, 49 cases were nodal and 6 cases were extranodal. There were 33 males and 22 females. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The median age of the patients was 57 years. Twenty-five cases belonged to histologic grade 1, while 19 cases were grade 2 and 11 cases were grade 3. Beta-actin DNA was detected in 50 cases of FL. Amongst those 50 cases, clonal IgH rearrangement was present in 34 (68%). Twenty-four cases (48%) and 25 cases (50%) were positive for FR3A and FR2 respectively. Fifteen cases (30%) showed dual positivity for both FR3A and FR2. Thirty-four cases (68%) demonstrated clonal IgH rearrangement. As for other small B-cell lymphomas, 25 cases were positive for beta-actin. FR3A and FR2 were detected in 18 and 17 cases respectively. Clonal IgH rearrangement was demonstrated in 24 cases. In contrast, none of the 4 cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia showed the clonal rearrangement pattern. Amongst the 44 cases of nodal FL analyzed, t (14; 18) was detected in 15 cases (with 14 cases in MBR and 1 case in mcr). In general, FISH was superior to PCR in detecting t (14; 18) using paraffin-embedded tissue samples.

CONCLUSIONSThe detection rate of clonal IgH rearrangement in FL is lower than that in other small B-cell lymphomas. Demonstration of t (14; 18) in paraffin-embedded tissue samples by FISH helps in diagnosis of FL. FISH is superior to PCR, as the technique is more sensitive and less labor intensive.

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo construct differential expression profiles of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines for screening candidate genes related to metastasis and to verify some candidate genes in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

METHODSRestriction fragments differential display PCR (RFDD-PCR) was used to set up gene expression profiles of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines-ACC-M and ACC-2, with high and low metastasis potential respectively. Candidate genes were screened through bioinformatics analysis. Then, a gene family of these candidate genes was checked using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR).

RESULTSTwo gene expression profiles including 5420 gene fragments were constructed, 12 genes of a family called matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMPs) were observed obvious differentially expressed between two cell lines. Results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR also identified this different expression of MMP2,MMP7,MMP9,MMP14,MMP15 and MMP24.

CONCLUSIONThe construction of gene expression profiles of ACC-M and ACC-2 cell lines makes the foundation for seeking the target genes of adenoid cystic carcinoma. MMP2,MMP7,MMP9 and MMP15 may be relevant with carcinogenesis, development and metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma, and different metastasis potential may result from different subtype of MMPs gene family.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 15 ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Two-dimensional polyacryiamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS), incorporated with online database searching, were performed to investigate differential proteins of breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissues. Considering that serum albumin is abundantly presented in normal control samples, 15 differential spots detected in 11 out of 12 (91.7%) breast cancer samples were identified by online SIENA-2DPAGE database searching and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis. The results indicate that pathological changes of breast cancer are concerned with augmentation of substance metabolism, promotion of proteolytic activity, decline of activity of some inhibitors of enzymes, and so on. Some important proteins involved in the pathological process of breast cancer with changed expression may be useful biomarkers, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, EF1-beta, cathepsin D, TCTP, SMT3A, RPS12, and PSMA1, among which SMT3A,RPS12, and PSMA1 were first reported for breast cancer in this study.