Objective To identify the retention time of semen(stains)inside and outside the cadaver using Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and chemometrics.Methods A simulated environment inside the porcine vagina was used to retain fresh semen for 0～168 hours inside and outside the body.Infrared spectroscopy data were collected,and chemometric methods including Principal Components Analysis(PCA)and Partial Least Squares(PLS)regression models were established.Results The infrared spectrum peak positions of semen(stains)inside and outside the body did not show significant changes over time.The PCA results showed good clustering relationships,and the predicted deviation value in the PLS regression model was 15.786 3 hours,with an R2 value of 0.922 4.The characteristic wavenumbers selected by the CARS algorithm were in the wavelength ranges of 1 000～1 180 cm-1,1 430～1 480 cm-1,and 1 700～1 760 cm-1.Conclusion Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy has the potential to identify the retention time of semen(stains)inside and outside the body,and there are differences in the degradation trends of semen(stains)inside and outside the body.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and long-term prognostic factors of diabetic patients with low or intermediate complexity coronary artery disease (CAD) post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This was a prospective, single-centre observational study. Consecutive diabetic patients with SYNTAX score (SS)≤32 undergoing PCI between January and December 2013 in Fuwai hospital were included in this analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on SS, namely SS≤22 group and SS 23-32 group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors related to poor 5-year prognosis. The primary outcomes were cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction, the secondary outcomes were all cause death and revascularization. Results: Of the 3 899 patients included in the study, 2 888 were men (74.1%); mean age was 59.4±9.8 years. There were 3 450 patients in the SS≤22 group and 449 patients in the SS 23-32 group. Compared with SS≤22 group, the incidence of revascularization was higher in SS 23-32 group (18.9% (85/449) vs. 15.2% (524/3450), log-rank P=0.019). There was no significant difference in all-cause death, cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction between the two groups (log-rank P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (HR=1.05, 95%CI 1.02-1.08, P<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR=3.12, 95%CI 1.37-7.07, P=0.007) and creatinine clearance rate (CCr)<60 ml/min (HR=3.67, 95%CI 2.05-6.58, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for 5-year cardiac death, while left ventricular ejection fraction (HR=0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.96, P<0.001) was a protective factor. Previous PCI (HR=2.04, 95%CI 1.38-3.00, P<0.001), blood glucose level≥11.1 mmol/L on admission (HR=2.49, 95%CI 1.32-4.70, P=0.005) and CCr<60 ml/min (HR=1.85, 95%CI 1.14-2.99, P=0.012) were independent risk factors for 5-year recurrent myocardial infarction. The SS of 23-32 was independently associated with risk of revascularization (HR=1.54, 95%CI 1.09-2.16, P=0.014), after adjusting for residual SS. Residual SS was not a risk factor for 5-year prognosis. Conclusions: In diabetic patients with low-or intermediate complexity CAD, SS 23-32 is associated with increased risk of 5-year revascularization; the clinical characteristics of the patients are associated with the long-term mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction, but not related to revascularization.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery* ; Stroke Volume ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: The optimal apolipoprotein or lipid measures for identifying statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at residual cardiovascular risk remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the predictive powers of apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB/apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) and non-HDL-C/HDL-C for myocardial infarction (MI) in CAD patients treated with statins in the setting of secondary prevention. METHODS: The study included 9191 statin-treated CAD patients with a five-year median follow-up. All measures were analyzed as continuous variables and concordance/discordance groups by medians. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Patients were classified by the clinical presentation of CAD for further analysis. RESULTS: The high-apoB-low-LDL-C and the high-non-HDL-C-low-LDL-C categories yielded HR of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.04-1.88) and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.07-2.13) for MI, respectively, whereas discordant high LDL-C with low apoB or non-HDL-C was not associated with the risk of MI. No association of MI with discordant apoB versus non-HDL-C, apoB/apoA-1 versus apoB, non-HDL-C/HDL-C versus non-HDL-C, or apoB/apoA-1 versus non-HDL-C/HDL-C was observed. Similar patterns were found in patients with acute coronary syndrome. In contrast, no association was observed between any concordance/discordance category and the risk of MI in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. CONCLUSIONS ApoB and non-HDL-C better predict MI in statin-treated CAD patients than LDL-C, especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ApoB/apoA-1 and non-HDL-C/HDL-C show no superiority to apoB and non-HDL-C for predicting MI.

Nuclear transporter importin-β1 is emerging as an attractive target by virtue of its prevalence in many cancers. However, the lack of druggable inhibitors restricts its therapeutic proof of concept. In the present work, we optimized a natural importin-β1 inhibitor DD1 to afford an improved analog DD1-Br with better tolerability (>25 folds) and oral bioavailability. DD1-Br inhibited the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells with sub-nanomolar potency and completely prevented tumor growth in resistant CRPC models both in monotherapy (0.5 mg/kg) and in enzalutamide-combination therapy. Mechanistic study revealed that by targeting importin-β1, DD1-Br markedly inhibited the nuclear accumulation of multiple CRPC drivers, particularly AR-V7, a main contributor to enzalutamide resistance, leading to the integral suppression of downstream oncogenic signaling. This study provides a promising lead for CRPC and demonstrates the potential of overcoming drug resistance in advanced CRPC via targeting importin-β1.

Understanding of a variety of membranous structures throughout the body,such as the fascia,the serous membrane,is of great importance to surgeons. This is especially valuable in abdominal surgery. With the rise of membrane theory in recent years,membrane anatomy has been widely recognized in the treatment of abdominal tumors,especially of gastrointestinal tumors. In clinical practice. The appropriate choice of intramembranous or extramembranous anatomy is appropriate to achieve precision surgery. Based on the current research results,this article described the application of membrane anatomy in the field of hepatobiliary surgery,pancreatic surgery,and splenic surgery,with the aim of blazed the path from modest beginnings.
Humans ; Mesentery/surgery* ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Fascia/anatomy & histology*

Aim To establish an in vitro fluorescence spectrophotometry based on the end-product malondialdehyde(MDA)for evaluating hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence and visible methods.Methods The reaction time, temperature, and the concentration of key reactant deoxyribose were investigated and optimized respectively.Under different solvent conditions, sensitivity and the measurement window of two methods were compared.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of tanshinone I was determined by these two methods.Results The optimal temperature and time was 37 °C and 60 min, and the concentration of deoxyribose was 2.8 mmol·L-1.The limit of detection for the fluorescence method(4.49 nmol·L-1)was much lower than that of the visible spectrophotometry(39.15 nmol·L-1).The ratio of model/control(the measurement window)of the fluorescence method was much larger than that of visible spectrophotometry in both the aqueous system and the organic system(containing DMSO).Within the concentrations of 62.5 mg·L-1-1 000 mg·L-1, tanshinone I showed scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals in a concentration-dependent manner using the fluorescence method, but the visible method could not.Conclusions In contrast to visible method, fluorescence method has the advantages of higher sensitivity and stronger anti-interference ability to the color of test substance and the specificity of solvents.By virtue of large measurement window, it can be applied to evaluating the effect of fat-soluble test substances.

OBJECTIVE: To study the binding target of photosensitizer and bacteria in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with computer-simulated target prediction and molecular docking research methods and to calculate the binding energy. METHODS: The protein names of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) were obtained and summarized in Uniprot database and RCSB PDB database; the structure diagrams of methy-lene blue were screened in SciFinder database, PubChem database, ChemSpider database, and Chemical Book, and ChemBioDraw software was used to draw and confirm the three-dimensional structure for target prediction and Cytoscape software was used to build a visual network diagram; a protein interaction network was searched and built between the methylene blue target and the common target of Pg in the String database; then we selected FimA, Mfa4, RgpB, and Kgp K1 proteins, used AutoDock software to calculate the docking energy of methylene blue and the above-mentioned proteins and performed molecular docking. RESULTS: The target prediction results showed that there were 19 common targets between the 268 potential targets of methylene blue and 1 865 Pg proteins. The 19 targets were: groS, radA, rplA, dps, fabH, pyrG, thyA, panC, RHO, frdA, ileS, bioA, def, ddl, TPR, murA, lepB, cobT, and gyrB. The results of the molecular docking showed that methylene blue could bind to 9 sites of FimA protein, with a binding energy of -6.26 kcal/mol; with 4 sites of Mfa4 protein and hydrogen bond formation site GLU47, and the binding energy of -5.91 kcal/mol, the binding energy of LYS80, the hydrogen bond forming site of RgpB protein, was -5.14 kcal/mol, and the binding energy of 6 sites of Kgp K1 protein and the hydrogen bond forming site GLY1114 of -5.07 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Computer simulation of target prediction and molecular docking technology can initially reveal the binding, degree of binding and binding sites of methylene blue and Pg proteins. This method provides a reference for future research on the screening of binding sites of photosensitizers to cells and bacteria.
Computer Simulation ; Methylene Blue ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Porphyromonas gingivalis

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and to summarize the mid-term efficacy of China Net Childhood Lymphoma-mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen. Methods: Clinical features of 436 BL patients who were ≤18 years old and treated with the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen from May 2017 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed and the therapeutic effects of patients with different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: Among 436 patients, there were 368 (84.4%) males and 68 (15.6%) females, the age of disease onset was 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) years old. According to the St. Jude staging system, there were 4 patients (0.9%) with stage Ⅰ, 30 patients (6.9%) with stage Ⅱ, 217 patients (49.8%) with stage Ⅲ, and 185 patients (42.4%) with stage Ⅳ. All patients were stratified into following risk groups: group A (n=1, 0.2%), group B1 (n=46, 10.6%), group B2 (n=19, 4.4%), group C1 (n=285, 65.4%), group C2 (n=85, 19.5%). Sixty-three patients (14.4%) were treated with chemotherapy only and 373 patients (85.6%) were treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab. Twenty-one patients (4.8%) suffered from progressive disease, 3 patients (0.7%) relapsed, and 13 patients (3.0%) died of treatment-related complications. The follow-up time of all patients was 24.0 (13.0, 35.0) months, the 2-year event free survival (EFS) rate of all patients was (90.9±1.4) %. The 2-year EFS rates of group A, B1, B2, C1 and C2 were 100.0%, 100.0%, (94.7±5.1) %, (90.7±1.7) % and (85.9±4.0) %, respectively. The 2-year EFS rates was higher in group A, B1, and B2 than those in group C1 (χ²=4.16, P=0.041) and group C2 (χ²=7.21, P=0.007). The 2-year EFS rates of the patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab were (79.3±5.1)% and (92.9±1.4)% (χ²=14.23, P<0.001) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that stage Ⅳ (including leukemia stage), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)>4-fold normal value, and with residual tumor in the mid-term evaluation were risk factors for poor prognosis (HR=1.38,1.23,8.52,95%CI 1.05-1.82,1.05-1.43,3.96-18.30). Conclusions: The CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen show significant effect in the treatment of pediatric BL. The combination of rituximab improve the efficacy further.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy* ; Child ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with perineural invasion (PNI), and explore the prognostic value of PNI on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 105 patients with sinonasal ACC admitted to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were restaged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. Follow-up visits were conducted to obtain information of treatment failure and survival outcome. The Log rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: The maxillary sinus (n=59) was the most common primary site, followed by the nasal cavity (n=38). There were 93 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. The treatment modalities included surgery alone (n=14), radiotherapy alone (n=13), preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery (n=10), and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n=68). The median follow-up time was 91.8 months, the 5-year local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.6%, 73.0%, 52.9% and 78.0%, respectively. There were 33 patients (31.4%) with PNI-positive. The 5-year DMFS, PFS, and OS rates of PNI-positive group were 53.7%, 29.4% and 56.5%, respectively, which were significantly inferior to those of PNI-negative group (80.8%, 63.0% and 86.8%, respectively, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the 5-year LC rate between both groups (64.5% vs 76.5%, P=0.273). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed PNI was one of the poor prognostic factors of DMFS (HR=3.514, 95%CI: 1.557-7.932), PFS (HR=2.562, 95%CI: 1.349-4.866) and OS (HR=2.605, 95%CI: 1.169-5.806). Among patients with PNI-positive, the 5-year LC, PFS and OS rates of patients received surgery combined with radiotherapy were 84.9%, 41.3% and 72.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 23.3%, 10.0% and 26.7% of patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PNI increases the risk of distant metastasis in patients with sinonasal ACC. Compared with patients with PNI-negative, the prognosis of patients with PNI-positive is relatively poor, and surgery combined with radiotherapy for PNI-positive sinonasal ACC results in good clinical outcomes.
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology* ; Humans ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component of the cellular microenvironment.ECM not only provides physical support for cells, hut also participates in various biological processes.In recent years, hundreds of cancer-related ECM (C-ECM) genes have been identified, and some of them can he used as biomarkers.However, rich information about C-ECM genes is scattered among thousands of publications, and there is no systematic summary of their role in tumorigenesis.Here, we present the CECMAtlas (http://biokb.ncpsb.org.cn/CECMAtlas/), a database which collects 225 C-ECM genes and the information of biological processes that they participate in through literature mining and manual curation.This database will contribute to the study of the mechanism of tumorigenesis and possible clinical application.