Objective To develop an Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients in China,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods According to the health belief model,the first draft of the scale was formed through literature review,semi-structured interview,research group discussion,2 rounds of expert correspondence and pre-survey.A total of 842 patients with lung cancer who received treatment in a tertiary A hospital in Zhengzhou City from October 2022 to April 2023 were selected for investigation,and item analysis,validity analysis,and reliability analysis were applied to adjust the items to form a formal scale.Results The Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients contained 24 items,and exploratory factor analysis generated 6 common factors,including physical rehabilitation benefits,emotional and mental benefits,information disorders,disease symptom disorders,condition disorders,and psychological disorders.The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 73.916％,and the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was good,the x2/df was 2.371,the root mean square error of approximation was 0.057,the normed fit index was 0.924,and the comparative fit index was 0.954,the scale score was moderately positively correlated with the total score of the Frenchay activities index(r=0.529,P＜0.001).The Cronbach's α,coefficient,half reliability,and retest reliability of the scale were 0.884,0.741,and 0.889,respectively.Conclusion The Exercise Behavior Perception Scale for Lung Cancer Patients had good reliability and validity,and it can be used to effectively evaluate the exercise behavior perception status of lung cancer patients.

Objective To study the differences and mechanisms of damage to the reproductive organs of male rats by single and compound exposure to microwaves at 2.856 and 9.375 GHz.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,S10 group,X10 group and SX5 group.Microwavesat 2.856 and 9.375 GHz were used to expose the rats for 6 min in the S10 and X10 groups with an average power density of 10 mW/cm2,respectively.The SX5 group was sequentiallyexposed to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves with an average power density of 5 mW/cm2 for 6 min.At 1 and 7 d after exposure,the sperm viability and serum sex hormones were detected by light microscopy and electron microscopy,and testicular tissue structure and oxidative stress and energy metabolism levels were examined.Results The sperm viability,testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and inhibin B(INHB)decreased in the S10 and X10 groups at 1 and 7 d after exposure(P＜0.01),and in the SX5 group at 7 d after exposure(P＜0.05).The LH decreased in all the exposure groups at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.01),and increased in the S10 and X10 groups at 7 d after exposure(P＜0.05).The spermatogenic epithelium of testicular tissue was lax,spermatogenic cells were edematous and vacuolated,chromatin condensed and shifted side by side,and the damage was significant in the S10 and X10 groups as compared with the SX5 group.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in testis tissue decreased and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 group(P＜0.01).In the X10 group,the SOD decreased at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.01).The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activity and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content in testis tissue decreased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 and X10 groups(P＜0.05).In the SX5 group,the LDH and SDH decreased at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.05).Conclusion Single and combined exposure to S-band and X-band microwaves can cause damage to male reproductive organs.The S-band causes damage more significantly than that of X-band.Single-frequency microwave high-intensity exposure causes damage more significantly than that of multi-frequency microwave prolonged combined exposure.The damage is closely related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism.

Objective:To study the role of ML-SA5, an agonist of the lysosomal Ca 2+ channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), in promoting lysosomal exocytosis to facilitate intracellular uranium removal and alleviate uranium-induced cellular damage for human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to uranyl acetate. Methods:HK-2 cells were divided into the following groups to be exposed to uranyl acetate at either 0 or 300 μmol/L for 24 h, followed by treatment with ML-SA5 and/or the lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor vacuolin-1 for 0.5 h: control group (Ctrl group), ML-SA5 group (M group), vacuolin-1 group (V group), ML-SA5 plus vacuolin-1 group (M+ V group), uranium exposure group (U group), uranium exposure plus ML-SA5 group (U+ M group), uranium exposure plus vacuolin-1 group (U+ V group), and uranium exposure plus ML-SA5 plus vacuolin-1 group (U+ M+ V group). We localized lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) on the plasma membrane (surface LAMP-1) by immunofluorescence assay; measured intracellular uranium content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; measured the level of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) by immunofluorescence assay; measured the rate of cell death with Calcein-AM/PI double staining; determined the subcellular localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and the levels of LAMP-1 and TRPML1 proteins by immunofluorescence assay; and measured the number of lysosomes using LysoTracker probes.Results:Compared with the Ctrl group, the U group showed significant increases in the surface LAMP-1 protein level ( t = 12.86, P < 0.05), KIM-1 protein level ( t = 18.86, P < 0.05), cell death rate ( t = 38.53, P < 0.05), TFEB nuclear translocation ( t = 9.12, P < 0.05), the protein expression levels of TFEB’s downstream target genes LAMP-1 ( t = 16.47, P < 0.05) and TRPML1 ( t = 32.33, P < 0.05), and the number of lysosomes labeled with LysoTracker probes ( t = 7.75, P < 0.05). Compared with the U group, the U+ M group showed a significantly increased surface LAMP-1 level ( t = 3.33, P < 0.05) and significant decreases in the intracellular uranium level ( t = 5.01, P < 0.05), KIM-1 protein expression level ( t = 3.81, P < 0.05), and cell death rate ( t = 3.24, P < 0.05); all these effects in the U+ M group could be neutralized by the lysosomal exocytosis inhibitor vacuolin-1; and in addition, ML-SA5 significantly increased TFEB nuclear translocation ( t = 9.20, P < 0.05), the protein expression levels of LAMP-1 ( t = 3.05, P < 0.05) and TRPML1 ( t = 3.17, P < 0.05), and the number of lysosomes labeled with LysoTracker probes ( t = 3.13, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The TRPML1 agonist ML-SA5 can promote lysosomal exocytosis to enhance intracellular uranium clearance and reduce uranium-induced cellular damage/death in uranium-loaded HK-2 cells, through activating TFEB to up-regulate lysosome biogenesis and TRPML1 protein expression.

This article reviews the demand, development process, aid types, effects, and existing problems of decision aids for colorectal cancer. The aim is to provide reference for the development of convenient and efficient decision aids for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, and to improve the quality of treatment decisions for colorectal cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of lysosomal membrane permeabilization(LMP)inuranyl acetate-induced death of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells.Methods:HK-2 cells were exposed to uranyl acetate at concentrations of 100, 300 and 600 μmol/L for 24 h, then in tracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)and mitochondrial superoxide were measured by DCFH-DA and MitoSOX probe, respectively. HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: blank control group, NAC or CA-074 Me group, uranyl acetate exposure group and uranyl acetate exposure plus NAC or CA-074 Me group. Two-color immune of luorescence staining was used to detect the co-localization of galectin-1 and lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) to measure the extent of LMP, and to detect the non- co-localization of cathepsin B and LAMP-1 to reflect the release of cathepsin B in lysosomes. Calcein-AM/PI double staining method was used to detect cell death. One-color immune of luorescence staining of cleaved-caspase-3 expression was used to detect apoptosis. Results:Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels were significantly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 100, 300 and 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, about 1.1-2.5 times or 4.0-28 times, respectively( tROS=17.98, 11.84, 11.75, P< 0.05; tmitochondrial superoxide=6.14, 16.02, 13.06, P< 0.05), and they also increased with uranyl acetate concentrations ( tROS=10.10, 10.37, 5.59, P< 0.05; tmitochondrial superoxide=21.50, 15.16, 5.93, P< 0.05). The percentage of co-localization of galectin-1 and LAMP-1 and the percentage of non- co-localization of cathepsin B and LAMP-1 were markedly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, 5.4-6.7 times or 1.5-2.1 times, respectively ( tGalectin-1=15.85, 12.70, P< 0.05; tCathepsin B=5.95, 6.69, P< 0.05), but these increases were inhibited by NAC ( tGalectin-1=4.74, P<0.05; tCathepsin B=4.51, P< 0.05). Moreover, the cell death rate and the cleaved-caspase-3 expression level were also significantly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, about 28-47 times or 2.4-6.0 times, respectively( tPI=30.40, 10.34, P<0.05; tCleaved-caspase-3=18.49, 9.52, P<0.05), and these increases were obviously diminished by CA-074 Me ( tPI= 6.76, P<0.05; tCleaved-caspase-3=13.47, P<0.05). Conclusions:Exposure to uranyl acetate induces a burst of intracellular ROSthat leads to LMP and consequently causes leakage of cathepsin B from lysosomes to cytoplasm, in turn triggering the lysosomal-dependent cell death and mitochondrial-regulated apoptosis of HK-2 cells.

Objective:To understand the health status of children in an organization in the urban area of Beijing.Methods:From October to November 2019, 558 children aged from 0 to 13 of employees in an organization in Beijing received physical examination, including height, weight, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, heart and lung examination, etc.Statistical analysis was conducted on the items related to physical status and with higher detection rate. Body mass index (BMI)≥P 85(P is the percentile compared to the standardized growth curve) was defined as overweight and BMI≥P 95 as obese. The rate and composition ratio were used to describe the relevant data of each item in children′s physical examination. The differences between different age groups and gender groups were compared with the chi-square test. Results:The items with high detection rate were overweight, obesity, rhinitis, caries, phimosis, etc. The ratio of children′s weight and height ≤P 10 were 3.4% and 2.7%, ≥P 97 were 12.0% and 7.0%respectively; the rates of overweight (BMI≥P 85) and obesity (BMI≥P 95) in children were 13.8% and 13.3% respectively, the ratio of weight ≥P 97, height ≥P 97 and BMI≥P 95all increased with age in all children and in boys (all P<0.05), the ratio of BMI≤P 5 increased with age ( P<0.05), and the ratio of body weight ≥P 75 decreased with age in boys ( P<0.05); the ratio of weight ≥P 75 in boys was significantly higher than that in girls ( P<0.05). The prevalence of rhinitis in children was 39.8%, among which the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 14.9%.The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the 3.0-5.9 age group of all children was significantly higher than that in 0.0-0.9 age group and 6.0-9.9 age group (both P<0.05), the prevalence of total rhinitis in the 3.0-5.9 age group of girls was significantly higher than that in 0.0-0.9 age group, 1.0-2.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries in children (excluding the group of 0.0-0.9 years old) was 26.0%, the prevalence of dental caries in the 3.0-5.9 age group of all children was significantly higher than that in 1.0-2.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (both P<0.05), the prevalence of dental caries in 3.0-5.9 age group and 6.0-9.9 age group of boys and girls were both significantly higher than that in 1.0-2.9 age group (all P<0.05). The prevalence of phimosis in boyswas 31.5%, the phimosis rates were significantly higher in the 1.0-2.9 age group and 3.0-5.9 age group than that in 6.0-9.9 age group and 10.0-13.9 age group (all P<0.05). No statistical differences were found in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and dental caries between obese and non-obese children ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The severity of overweight and obesity in children is beyond our expectation, the allergenicity problem is becoming more and more prominent, the prevention and treatment of dental caries needs to be improved urgently, and the phimosis problem in boys needs to be paid attention to.

When applying deep learning to the automatic segmentation of organs at risk in medical images, we combine two network models of Dense Net and V-Net to develop a Dense V-network for automatic segmentation of three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images, in order to solve the problems of degradation and gradient disappearance of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks optimization as training samples are insufficient. This algorithm is applied to the delineation of pelvic endangered organs and we take three representative evaluation parameters to quantitatively evaluate the segmentation effect. The clinical result showed that the Dice similarity coefficient values of the bladder, small intestine, rectum, femoral head and spinal cord were all above 0.87 (average was 0.9); Jaccard distance of these were within 2.3 (average was 0.18). Except for the small intestine, the Hausdorff distance of other organs were less than 0.9 cm (average was 0.62 cm). The Dense V-Network has been proven to achieve the accurate segmentation of pelvic endangered organs.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Organs at Risk ; Pelvis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Low targeting efficiency limits the applications of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. The fact that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) trapped in the lung after systemic infusion is a disadvantage for cell therapy purposes. Here, we utilized MSC as lung cancer-targeted drug delivery vehicles by loading nanoparticles (NP) with anti-cancer drug. MSC showed a higher drug intake capacity than fibroblasts. In addition, MSC showed predominant lung trapping in both rabbit and monkey. IR-780 dye, a fluorescent probe used to represent docetaxel (DTX) in NP, delivered MSC accumulated in the lung. Both MSC/A549 cell experiments and MSC/lung cancer experiments validated the intercellular transportation of NP between MSC and cancer cells. assays showed that the MSC/NP/DTX drug delivery system exerted primary tumor inhibition efficiency similar to that of a NP/DTX drug system. Collectively, the MSC/NP drug delivery system is promising for lung-targeted drug delivery for the treatment of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases.

Objective: To compare the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) on the survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 275 cases of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The data of treatment and follow-up were complete and analyzable. There were 70 cases in the NCRT group and 205 cases in the NCT group. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and statistically compared by log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression model. Results: The median follow-up time was 32(3-84) months. The median survival time and recurrence-free survival time was 42(3-84) months and 30(3-84) months, respectively. The overall 3-and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 45.9%, respectively, and the 3-and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 45.1% and 38.9%, respectively. The median survival time in the NCRT and NCT groups was 46(7-84) and 40(4-74) months, and the median recurrence-free survival time was 31(3-84) and 28(3-69) months, respectively. The 3-and 5-year overall survival of the two groups were 59.1%, 47.1% and 56.3%, 47.5%(P=0.515), and the 3-and 5-year recurrence-free survival were 44.5%, 40.1% and 47%, 39%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the survival between two neoadjuvant therapy modes (P=0.554). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative pathological TNM staging was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer (P=0.001). Conclusions The survival results of NCRT are similar to those of NCT. Postoperative pathological staging is an independent survival factor.

The terahertz wave frequency is located between macroscopic electronics and microphotonics.Therefore,this kind of radiation exhibits both photonic properties and electronic characteristics,and thus has great application potentials.So far,important breakthroughs have been achieved in developing terahertz sources and detection technologies.It is believed that the terahertz wave may lead to revolutionary development,especially in the field of biomedicine.Recently,the radiation effects of terahertz wave on biological activities have become a major issue in the field of life sciences,however,it is still at an initial stage worldwide.Therefore,this paper reviewed the physical characteristics and biological effects of terahertz wave and aimed to provide a reference for further medical studies of terahertz wave.