Objective To study the differences and mechanisms of damage to the reproductive organs of male rats by single and compound exposure to microwaves at 2.856 and 9.375 GHz.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,S10 group,X10 group and SX5 group.Microwavesat 2.856 and 9.375 GHz were used to expose the rats for 6 min in the S10 and X10 groups with an average power density of 10 mW/cm2,respectively.The SX5 group was sequentiallyexposed to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves with an average power density of 5 mW/cm2 for 6 min.At 1 and 7 d after exposure,the sperm viability and serum sex hormones were detected by light microscopy and electron microscopy,and testicular tissue structure and oxidative stress and energy metabolism levels were examined.Results The sperm viability,testosterone(T),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),and inhibin B(INHB)decreased in the S10 and X10 groups at 1 and 7 d after exposure(P＜0.01),and in the SX5 group at 7 d after exposure(P＜0.05).The LH decreased in all the exposure groups at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.01),and increased in the S10 and X10 groups at 7 d after exposure(P＜0.05).The spermatogenic epithelium of testicular tissue was lax,spermatogenic cells were edematous and vacuolated,chromatin condensed and shifted side by side,and the damage was significant in the S10 and X10 groups as compared with the SX5 group.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in testis tissue decreased and malondialdehyde(MDA)content increased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 group(P＜0.01).In the X10 group,the SOD decreased at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.01).The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activity and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content in testis tissue decreased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 and X10 groups(P＜0.05).In the SX5 group,the LDH and SDH decreased at 1 d after exposure(P＜0.05).Conclusion Single and combined exposure to S-band and X-band microwaves can cause damage to male reproductive organs.The S-band causes damage more significantly than that of X-band.Single-frequency microwave high-intensity exposure causes damage more significantly than that of multi-frequency microwave prolonged combined exposure.The damage is closely related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism.

Objective:To analyze the vaccination recommendations and follow-up for children with special health status.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, 509 children who attended the Consultation Clinic of Vaccination for Special Health Children in Beijing Children′s Hospital from August 2020 to February 2023 were selected, the children were given vaccination planning advice after the assessment. The clinical data were collected, including the general situation, special health conditions, vaccination recommendations and implementation status, occurrence and outcomes of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after vaccination. The vaccination situation and safety in these children were evaluated.Results:Among the 509 children, the most common special health conditions were cardiovascular system diseases (103 cases), followed by neurological diseases (88 cases) and neonatal problems (82 cases). After comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary collaboration, 399 children (78.4%) were recommended to receive vaccination/catch-up vaccination according to the immunization program, 63 children (12.4%) were recommended to receive some vaccines but temporarily suspend others, and 47 children (9.2%) were recommended to temporarily suspend vaccination. A total of 449 children (88.2%) were actually vaccinated, AEFI occurred in 49 children and 45 cases were considered as general reactions.Conclusions:The majority of children with special health status can be vaccinated, and the overall compliance and safety are high. The individualized immunization evaluation model of multidisciplinary collaboration is conducive to the completion of the immunization program of children with special health status.

Objective:To understand the identification value of pointing gestures in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and its relationship with functional development.Methods:From December 2020 to November 2021, 1 099 children from Children’s Health Care Center of Beijing Children’s Hospital were tested by pointing gestures test, including 942 ASD children and 157 typical developed children.And the data of children's neuropsychological development scale from 800 children aged 1.0-5.9 were collected.SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Trend test was used to analyze the distribution of pointing gestures test sensitivity in autistic children, and ANOVA was used to analyze the relationship between pointing gestures test scores and functional development fields.Results:The sensitivity of pointing gestures was 83.5% in children aged 1.0-10.0 years, 76.3%-93.1% in children aged 1.0-4.9 years, and 93.1%-95.1% in children aged 1.0-2.9.With the increase of age, the sensitivity of pointing gestures in autistic children (linear-by-linear association =164.889, P<0.001) and the Yoden index had a decreasing trend. The positive predictive value (91.53%-100.00%) and negative predictive value (75.36%-91.84%) were found in the children aged 1.0-10.0 years.The sensitivity of pointing gestures test was 44.9% in children with mild autism aged 1.0-10.0 years and 46.5%-65.9% in children with mild autism aged from 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of pointing gestures test was 81.5% in children with moderate autism aged from 1.0-10.0 years and 87.3%-97.8% in children with moderate autism aged 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of the pointing gestures test was 97.2% in children with severe autism aged 1.0-10.0 years, and 100.0% in children with severe autism aged 1.0-3.9 years. The sensitivity of the pointing gestures in mild, moderate and severe autism children decreased with age (linear-by-linear association values were 16.725, 64.232, 66.732 respectively, all P<0.001). The children with severe autism mainly scored 2 points (80.3%, 419/522) on the pointing gestures test , and children with moderate autism mainly scored 1 point(64.2%, 170/265) on the pointing gestures test. There were significant differences in functional development among different pointing gestures test groups.Functional development score in the autism children with 0 score of pointing gestures test was significantly higher than those with 1 score and 2 scores of pointing gestures test (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Pointing gestures has good sensitivity in children with autism (especially 1.0-4.9 years of age), and may serve as an objectively observable screening method. The better children with autism score on the pointing gestures, the better their functional development.

Objective To assess the comparative efficacy of different methods for difficult biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP)through a network meta-analysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared the efficacy of different adjunctive methods(early or late needle-knife technique,pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique,pancreatic stent-assisted technique,transpancreatic sphincterotomy,persistent standard cannulation technique)for difficult biliary cannulation with each other were identified.The success rate of biliary cannulation and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP)were the outcomes of interest.Pairwise and network meta-analysis and ranking according to surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)for all methods were performed.Results Eighteen RCTs were identified according to selection criteria,and 2 033 patients were enrolled.The use of transpancreatic sphincterotomy over persistent standard cannulation technique(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.02-1.77)and over pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique(RR=1.26,95%CI:1.00-1.60)significantly increased the success rate of biliary cannulation.Based on SUCRA ranking,transpancreatic sphincterotomy followed by early needle-knife techniques were ranked highest in terms of increasing the success rate of biliary cannulation.Only early needle-knife technique significantly decreased PEP rate when compared with persistent standard cannulation technique(RR=0.53,95%CI:0.30-0.94),whereas both early needle-knife techniques and transpancreatic sphincterotomy led to lower PEP rates as compared with pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique(RR=0.41,95%CI:0.17-0.99;RR=0.49,95%CI:0.25-0.96;respectively).Based on SUCRA ranking,early needle-knife technique followed by transpancreatic sphincterotomy were ranked highest for decreasing the PEP rate of biliary cannulation.Conclusions Transpancreatic sphincterotomy increases the success rate of difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP;early needle-knife technique and transpancreatic sphincterotomy are superior to other interventions in decreasing PEP rates and should be considered as a choice of difficult biliary cannulation.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of lysosomal membrane permeabilization(LMP)inuranyl acetate-induced death of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells.Methods:HK-2 cells were exposed to uranyl acetate at concentrations of 100, 300 and 600 μmol/L for 24 h, then in tracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)and mitochondrial superoxide were measured by DCFH-DA and MitoSOX probe, respectively. HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: blank control group, NAC or CA-074 Me group, uranyl acetate exposure group and uranyl acetate exposure plus NAC or CA-074 Me group. Two-color immune of luorescence staining was used to detect the co-localization of galectin-1 and lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) to measure the extent of LMP, and to detect the non- co-localization of cathepsin B and LAMP-1 to reflect the release of cathepsin B in lysosomes. Calcein-AM/PI double staining method was used to detect cell death. One-color immune of luorescence staining of cleaved-caspase-3 expression was used to detect apoptosis. Results:Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels were significantly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 100, 300 and 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, about 1.1-2.5 times or 4.0-28 times, respectively( tROS=17.98, 11.84, 11.75, P< 0.05; tmitochondrial superoxide=6.14, 16.02, 13.06, P< 0.05), and they also increased with uranyl acetate concentrations ( tROS=10.10, 10.37, 5.59, P< 0.05; tmitochondrial superoxide=21.50, 15.16, 5.93, P< 0.05). The percentage of co-localization of galectin-1 and LAMP-1 and the percentage of non- co-localization of cathepsin B and LAMP-1 were markedly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, 5.4-6.7 times or 1.5-2.1 times, respectively ( tGalectin-1=15.85, 12.70, P< 0.05; tCathepsin B=5.95, 6.69, P< 0.05), but these increases were inhibited by NAC ( tGalectin-1=4.74, P<0.05; tCathepsin B=4.51, P< 0.05). Moreover, the cell death rate and the cleaved-caspase-3 expression level were also significantly increased in HK-2 cells after exposure with 600 μmol/L uranyl acetate for 24 h, about 28-47 times or 2.4-6.0 times, respectively( tPI=30.40, 10.34, P<0.05; tCleaved-caspase-3=18.49, 9.52, P<0.05), and these increases were obviously diminished by CA-074 Me ( tPI= 6.76, P<0.05; tCleaved-caspase-3=13.47, P<0.05). Conclusions:Exposure to uranyl acetate induces a burst of intracellular ROSthat leads to LMP and consequently causes leakage of cathepsin B from lysosomes to cytoplasm, in turn triggering the lysosomal-dependent cell death and mitochondrial-regulated apoptosis of HK-2 cells.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between social and linguistic parenting behaviors and developing capability of children with autism.Methods:From August 2020 to December 2020, the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of 302 parents of children diagnosed with autism were investigated in the outpatient department of the hospital.Meanwhile, the data of Gesell scale for children, the social life competence scale for infant and junior middle school students, the autism behavior checklist and the Cancy autism behavior scale were collected.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t test and analysis of variance were used to compare the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of different parents.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of parents and children's developmental ability and symptom severity. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and language development parenting behavior between father and mother ( t=1.033, P=0.303; t=-0.312, P=0.756). There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and linguistic parenting behaviors between fathers of different age groups ( F=1.425, P=0.244; F=1.127, P=0.345). Among mothers of different age groups, the social parenting behaviors of <30 years old and 30-34 years old groups were significantly better than those of 35-39 years old group ( F=3.374, P=0.019; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.006). Among fathers, the social parenting behavior( F=4.346, P=0.008; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.001) and social + linguistic parenting behavior in the graduate group and college group were significantly better than those in the high school/vocational group( F=3.965, P=0.012; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.002). Among mothers, the social parenting behavior ( F=2.812, P=0.040; LSD: P=0.008, P=0.023, P=0.009), linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.769, P=0.011; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.025, P=0.001), social + linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.654, P=0.013; LSD: P=0.005, P=0.015, P=0.002) in graduate and above groups were significantly better than those in college group, high school/vocational group, junior high school and below groups.The scores of social parenting behavior(40.72±6.80), linguistic parenting behavior(27.20±5.22), and social + linguistic parenting behavior(67.92±11.10) were significantly correlated with children’s fine motor(61.75±16.41)( r=0.193, P=0.001; r=0.153, P=0.009; r=0.190, P=0.001), cognition(68.28±16.83)( r=0.231, P=0.000; r=0.186, P=0.001; r=0.229, P=0.000), language(53.01±18.55) ( r=0.262, P=0.000; r=0.305, P=0.000; r=0.304, P=0.000) and social self-care(61.44±17.85) ( r=0.264, P=0.000; r=0.238, P=0.000; r=0.274, P=0.000). The scores of linguistic parenting behavior and social + linguistic parenting behavior were correlated with children's social life ability (8.65±0.89) ( r=0.142, P=0.046; r=0.140, P=0.049). There was no significant correlation between social parenting behavior, linguistic parenting behavior, social + linguistic parenting behavior and the scores of ABC scale (50.53±21.39) ( r=-0.089, P=0.336; r=-0.115, P=0.215; r=-0.107, P=0.250) and CABS scale (13.96±4.54) ( r=-0.050, P=0.490; r=-0.059, P=0.411; r=-0.058, P=0.421). Conclusions:The social and linguistic parenting behaviors are related to their age and educational level, and are significantly correlated to developing capability of children with autism, but have nothing to do with the severity of children's symptoms.

This paper summarizes the basic principles and models of early warning for infectious disease outbreaks, introduces the early warning systems for infectious disease based on different data sources and their applications, and discusses the application potential of big data and their analysing techniques, which have been studied and used in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic, including internet inquiry, social media, mobile positioning, in the early warning of infectious diseases in order to provide reference for the establishment of an intelligent early warning mechanism and platform for infectious diseases based on multi-source big data.

A metabonomic approach involving an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS) was used to investi-gate the changes in the endogenous metabolites in the plasma of rats with yeast-induced pyrexia treated with Gegenqinlian decoction (GQLD), aspirin and itraconazole. The differences in the small molecule profiles of treatment using traditional Chinese medicine, etiological treatment and symptomatic treat-ment were elucidated. Thirty-six plasma metabolites were identified or putatively identified, and the effects of the three medicines on the thirty-six metabolites were studied. Their metabolic pathways indicated that GQLD, aspirin and itraconazole ameliorated the rats with yeast-induced pyrexia pre-dominantly by regulating the metabolisms of phospholipid, sphingolipid, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid amides, amino acid and glycerolipid in vivo. The pharmacodynamics and metabonomic results showed that the three medicines exhibited the therapeutic effects on pyrexia by regulating the perturbations of multiple metabolisms. The study provided a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the ther-apeutic effects of GQLD, aspirin and itraconazole on rats with yeast-induced pyrexia.

Objective: To develop a scientific oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale suitable for hospital culture background in China, and to test its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial scale was formulated by literature review, qualitative interview and delphi expert consultation. A total of 388 clinical nurses from Shanxi Province were selected by convenience sampling. Item analysis was used to filtrate items. The validity was evaluated by using evaluation scale of construction and content validity, and the reliability was tested by using internal consistency, split-half reliability and retest reliability. Results: Oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale consisted of 33 items and 4 dimensions including nursing assessment, nursing plan, basic nursing and nursing intervention. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that 4 factors accounted for 63.664% of the accumulated variances. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.904. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.948, the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.786, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.833. Conclusion Oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale has good validity and reliability, which can be used as a measuring tool for oncology missed nursing care.

The present investigation reports the chemical composition of the Rhus typhina L. stem identified via mass spectrometry and NMR as gallic acid, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, tryptophan, scopolin, methyl gallate, fustin, quercetin, rutin, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The antioxidant properties and the chemical composition contents of the R. typhina L. stem grown in different regions in China were de-termined. To determine the antioxidant activity, a total phenolic content analysis, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pi-crylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, andβ-carotene linoleic acid model system were conducted. The results showed that the Rhus typhina L. stem possessed high antioxidant capacities due to its high phenolic content. The contents of the nine isolated compounds were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The calibration curves of the nine isolated compounds were linear within the concentration range and the average recoveries were high. The result showed that 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose could be the compounds mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity of the R. typhina L. stem. This reveals that the R. typhina L. stem is a good source of antioxidants.