Objective:To investigate the correlation between preoperative incomplete intestinal obstruction and the risk of perioperative reflux and aspiration assessed by preoperative bedside ultrasonography in patients with colon cancer.Methods:A prospective case series study was conducted. A total of 300 patients with colon cancer who underwent elective surgery from March 2020 to January 2022 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were prospectively selected for the study. According to whether there was incomplete intestinal obstruction before operation, the patients were divided into obstruction group and non-obstruction group. All patients underwent preoperative ultrasound examination of the gastric antrum, measuring the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum in the right lateral position, and calculating the gastric volume and unit body mass gastric volume (GV/W), which were all expressed as M ( Q1, Q3). The differences in cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum, gastric volume and GV/W in the right lateral position between the two groups were compared, as well as the risk of reflux and aspiration (the risk of reflux and aspiration was extremely low at GV/W<0.8 ml/kg, the risk was low at GV/W 0.8-1.5 ml/kg, and the risk was high at GV/W >1.5 ml/kg). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of high risk of reflux and aspiration. Results:Of 300 patients, 7 patients were excluded because of blurred images on ultrasonography, and a total of 293 patients were finally included. The age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of obstruction group (146 cases) was 58.0 years old (55.0 years old, 67.0 years old), including 80 males and 66 females; the age of non-obstruction group (147 cases) was 55.0 years old (53.5 years old, 64.0 years old), including 64 males and 83 females. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the patients in the obstructin group were higher than those in the non-obstruction group, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in gender, duration of dietary abstinence, comorbid hypertension, comorbid diabetes mellitus, smoking status, sedentariness, and alcoholism between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with the non-obstruction group, patients in the obstruction group had a higher cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum [5.83 cm 2 (5.25 cm 2, 6.70 cm 2) vs. 5.13 cm 2 (4.43 cm 2, 5.79 cm 2), P < 0.001], gastric volume [43.00 ml (37.07 ml, 52.74 ml) vs. 32.78 ml (25.52 ml, 39.85 ml), P < 0.001] and GV/W [0.70 ml/kg (0.65 ml/kg, 0.82 ml/kg) vs. 0.55 ml/kg (0.46 ml/kg, 0.62 ml/kg), P < 0.001] in the right lateral position. The proportion of patients at high risk of reflux and aspiration in the obstruction group was higher than that in the non-obstruction group [22.6% (33/146) vs. 12.2% (18/147), χ2 = 4.59, P = 0.032]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that combination of incomplete intestinal obstruction (combined vs. uncombined, OR = 2.145, 95% CI: 1.096-4.198, P = 0.026), and males (females vs. males, OR = 0.415, 95% CI: 0.199-0.867, P = 0.019) were the independent risk factors for a high risk of perioperative reflux and aspiration assessed by preoperative bedside ultrasonography. Conclusions:Colon cancer patients combined with incomplete intestinal obstruction have significantly larger preoperative cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum, gastric volume and GV/W in the right lateral position, and have gastric retention, which may contribute to a higher risk of perioperative reflux and aspiration.

Objective: To develop a scientific oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale suitable for hospital culture background in China, and to test its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial scale was formulated by literature review, qualitative interview and delphi expert consultation. A total of 388 clinical nurses from Shanxi Province were selected by convenience sampling. Item analysis was used to filtrate items. The validity was evaluated by using evaluation scale of construction and content validity, and the reliability was tested by using internal consistency, split-half reliability and retest reliability. Results: Oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale consisted of 33 items and 4 dimensions including nursing assessment, nursing plan, basic nursing and nursing intervention. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that 4 factors accounted for 63.664% of the accumulated variances. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.904. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.948, the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.786, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.833. Conclusion Oncology missed nursing care self-rating scale has good validity and reliability, which can be used as a measuring tool for oncology missed nursing care.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of glucosides of chaenomeles speciosa (GCS) on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in mouse model. METHODS: Fifty 8-week C57BL/C mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 in each group:sham group, model group, GCS 30 mg/kg group, GCS 60 mg/kg group and GCS 90 mg/kg group, and the GCS was administrated by gavage (once a day) for 14 d. HE staining was performed to investigate the cell morphology; the Zea-Longa scores were measured for neurological activity; TUNEL staining was performed to investigate the cell apoptosis; ELISA was used to detected the oxidative stress and inflammation; Western Blot was performed to investigate the key pathway and neurological functional molecules. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the brain tissues in model group were seriously damaged, presenting severe cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, associated with increased NF-κB P65 and TNF-α levels as well as decreased myelin associate glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp)levels (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the brain tissues in GCS groups were ameliorated, and cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were inhibited, associated with decreased NF-κB P65 and TNF-α levels as well as increased MAG and OMgp levels (all <0.01), which were more markedly in GCS 60 mg/kg group. CONCLUSIONS GCS can inhibit the NF-κB P65 and TNF-α, reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, decrease the cell apoptosis in mouse ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury model, and 60 mg/kg GCS may be the optimal dose.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rosaceae ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

Many clinical studies have demonstrated that raised morning blood pressure surge is closely related to path‐ogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases ,but there is still no unified understanding for its prevention until now ,and raised morning blood pressure surge phenomenon is not effectively controlled in most patients .The pres‐ent article made a brief review on raised morning blood pressure surge .

Objective To explore the changes of SOX9 and WT1 expressions in rat Sertoli cells irradiated by EMP ( electromagnetic pulse),S-HPM ( S-band high power microwave) and X-HPM ( Xband high power microwave).Methods Primary Sertoli cells were isolated from 3-week-old Wistar rats and its purity was immunocytochemistrically indentified with WT1.After exposure to 6 × 104 V/m EMP,100 mW/cm2 S-HPM and X-HPM for 4 min respectively,SOX9 and WT1 expressions in Sertoli cells were determined with real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results SOX9 mRNA expression was decreased at 6 and 12 h post-irradiation of three different bands of electromagnetic microwave ( F =15.20and 4.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).SOX9 protein expression was also decreased at 6 and 24 h after irradiation ( F =8.46 and 7.47,P＜0.05).WT1 mRNA expression was decreased at6 and 12 h (F=13.46 and 5.08,P ＜ 0.05 ),but its protein expression was decreased only at 24 h post-irradiation ( F =10.26,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Three bands of electromagnetic radiation reduce the expressions of SOX9 and WT1 in rat Sertoli cells,which may provide molecular foundation for genital system hazards induced by microwave radiation.

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.

Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 after microwave irradiation and its correlation with blood-brain barrier integrity. Methods A total of 160 male Wistar rats were divided into a sham radiation group and a radiation group. The radiation group was subdivided into three sub-groups treated with micrewaves at average power densities of 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2. Rats in each group were sacrificed and their brain tissue sampled at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Evans blue ( EB ) dye, laser confocal microscopy,Western blotting, RT-PCR and image analysis were used to test the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of JAM-1 in protein and at the gene level in the rats' hippocampus and cortex. Results There was an increase of EB in the hippocampus 3 to 14 days after 10 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation. The EB level increased progressively in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It also increased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. In the hippocampus, EB was observed only in the lumens of the blood vessels in the sham group, but EB had diffused out of the blood vessels in the irradiated groups by the 3rd day after irradiation. After 10 or 30 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation, JAM-1 protein in the hippocampus and cortex decreased significantly within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It decreased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. The expression of JAM-1 mRNA in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation at all power levels, but it recovered within 7 days in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the expression of JAM-1 in the hippocampus and cortex. The degree of decrease is positively correlated with the microwave radiation power. The change might involve increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-11) and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation.Methods 140 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:20 mice in healthy control group,60 mice in mere irradiation group,30 mice in IL-11 treatment group and 30 mice in curcumin treatment group.The mere irradiation group mice were wholly exposed to 3 Gy neutron irradiation.The treatment groups mice were intraperitoneally enterocoelia once a day for 5 d after irradiation.The mortality of the mice were observed.The mice in the control and mere irradiation groups were killed 6 h,1,3,and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively,and the mice of the 2 treatment groups were killed 3 and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively and the samples of jujunum were colleted.HE staining,argyrophilic of nucleaolar organizer regions staining,Feulgen staining,and image analysis were used to observe the pathology and levels of argyrophilic proteins and DNA.Results The mice in the mere irradiation group all died at 5 d post-irradiation,while 2 mice in the IL-11 treatment group and 3 in the curcumin group survived.Large area necrosis and exfoliation were found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa of the mere irradiated group mice since 6 h to 3 d after irradiation.Crypt cell regeneration was seen occasionally found 3 days later and much more 5 days later.Crypt cell regeneration was obviously found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa and lots of new villi were observed 5 d after irradiation in both treatment groups,however,the amounts of crypt cells and new villi of the curcumin treatment group were less than those of the IL-11 treatment group.The contents of AgNOR and DNA in the intestinal epithelial cells 5 days after irradiation of the 2 treatment groups were all significantly higher than those of the mere irradiation group (F = 0.015-0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) but without significant differences between them.Conclusions Jejunal damage in mice could be induced after 3 Gy neutron irradiation.rhIL-11 and curcumin might reduce the damage and promote the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on mouse bone marrow injury induced by neutron irradiation.Methods 130 male BALB/c mice were irradiated by 3.0 Gy neutron and mice peripheral blood cells,bone marrow pathological changes,bone marrow nucleated cell counts,AgNOR content,apoptosis and necrosis rates and Bax protein content were observed by means of blood cells automatic analyzer,HE staining,AgNOR staining,flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry staining and image analysis.Results In the irradiation group and the rhIL-11 group,the mice peripheral blood white blood cells,bone marrow nucleated cell counts and AgNOR content was decreased progressively.The Bax protein was positively or strongly positively expressed in the cytoplasm of the hematopoietic cells and the Bax protein content was increased progressively at 6 h,1 d,3 d after irradiation.In the irradiation group,the rates of apoptosis and necrosis in the mice hematopoietic cells were greatly increased and that of necrosis was significant at 6 h after irradiation.In the rhIL-11 + rhG-CSF group,the counts of bone marrow nucleated cell and AgNOR were increased and the Bax protein content was decreased at 3 d after irradiation,while in the rhIL-11 group,the indexes mentioned above were not obviously different compared with those of the irradiation group.Conclusions The mice bone marrow hematopoietic function is seriously damaged by 3.0 Gy neutron irradiation,rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF could improve the mice hernatopoietic function after neutron irradiation,and combination of them is more effective to stimulate the hematopoitic function than either of them alone.

Objective To explore the prevention and treatment effect and its mechanism of Xuebijing injec-tion combined with dexamethasone on rats' paraqnat-induced acute and chronic pulmonary injury.Method One hundred and twenty of male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:nomud group(A),administrated with saline;model group(B)and treatment groups(group C,D,E,F)were given 20%PQ(100 mg/kg.ip),and 2 hours later the normal and model groups were administrated with the same volume of saline for treatment,rats in group C and group D received 1.25 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg Xuebijing injection respectively.rdts in group E received 25,ng/kg dexamethasone,rats in group F receired 2.5 g/kg Xuebijing injection combined with 2.5 g/kg dexamethasone,one time per day till to be killed,while rats killed at 28 d were treated for 7 days.At 2 d,3 d,4 d after poisoned,five rats in each group were killed,serum SOD,MDA level and arterial gas(at 3 d)were measured.At 28 d,the rest of rats were killed,and serum TGF-β1,lung tissure HYP were measured.The pathology of the lung tissue was ob-served at 3 d and 28 d in guoup A,B,F.Results Compared with group B,poisoning symptoms in the treatment groups were milder and serum.SOD,MDA,TGV-β1,lung tissure HYP level were better,arterial oxygen content were higer.Among treatment groups,the treatment effects in group F were the best,SOD and MDA of 3 d,HYP and TGF-β1 of 28 d in group B and F were respectively(37.47±13.00,91.86±21.35)nmol/mL;(11.34±3.07,5.63±1.58)nmoL/mL;(2.54±0.63,1.32±0.07)mg/g;(484.13±63.79,202.22±49.83)pg/mL.The difference was significant(P＜0.05).The pathology of the lung tissue showed that acute lung hemorrhage,edema or chronic pulmonary fibrosis in group F were milder than that of group B.Conclusions In early stage,Xuebijing injection combined with dexamethasone has a stronger ability to clear out oxidized free radical and inhibit lipid super oxidized reaction.This may ameliorate acute pulmonary blooding and edema.In later stage,they could ameliorate chronic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1 secretion and HYP generation.