Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting multiple systems and organs, which leads to a variety of comorbidity, including an important impact on the body′s endocrine system comorbidities. COPD comorbidity will affect the severity and prognosis of the disease, and so does thyroid dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism is not clear, and previous studies suggest that hypoxia, inflammatory factors may be involved. However, the treatment of patients with COPD associated with thyroid dysfunction is still controversial. Further understanding of the relationship between this comorbidity and COPD is of great clinical significance. This article reviews the relevant studies, hoping to provide useful ideas for the exploration of the mechanism and treatment of COPD with thyroid dysfunction.