Objective:To analyze the predictive value of von Willebrand factor (vWF) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) of patients in intensive care unit (ICU) by using propensity score matching (PSM).Methods:Patients admitted to ICU of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from December 2020 to June 2022 who stayed in ICU for ≥72 hours and underwent daily bedside vascular ultrasound screening were included. Baseline data such as age, gender, primary disease, and chronic comorbidities were collected. Coagulation indexes before admission to ICU and 24 hours and 48 hours after ICU admission were collected, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fib), fibrin monomer (FM), vWF, D-dimer, antithrombin Ⅲ (ATⅢ), etc. Patients were divided into VTE group and non-VTE group according to whether they had VTE or not [diagnosis of VTE: patients underwent daily ultrasound screening of bedside blood vessels (both upper and lower limbs, visceral veins), and those suspected of having thrombosis were confirmed by ultrasonographer or pulmonary angiography]. Using PSM analysis method, the VTE group was used as the benchmark to conduct 1 : 1 matching of age, whether there was malignant tumor, whether there was infection, whether there was diabetes, and coagulation indicators before admission to ICU. Finally, the cases with balanced covariates between the two groups were obtained. The risk factors of VTE were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of vWF in the occurrence of VTE in critically ill patients.Results:A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of which 18 (15.0%) were diagnosed with VTE within 72 hours after admission to ICU, and 102 (85.0%) were not found to have thrombus in ICU. Before PSM, there were significant differences in age, gender, proportion of malignant tumor and infection, and coagulation indexes between VTE group and non-VTE group. After PSM, 14 pairs were successfully matched, and the unbalanced covariables between the two groups reached equilibrium. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that vWF was an independent risk factor for VTE at 48 hours after ICU admission in critically ill patients [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.165, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.000-1.025, P = 0.004]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of vWF at 48 hours after ICU admission for predicting VTE was 0.782, 95% CI was 0.618-0.945, P = 0.007. When the optimal cut-off value was 312.12%, the sensitivity was 67.7% and the specificity was 93.0%. Conclusion:Dynamic monitoring of vWF is helpful to predict the occurrence of VTE in ICU patients, and vWF at 48 hours after ICU admission has certain value in predicting the occurrence of VTE.

Bronchiectasis is characterized by a “vicious cycle” involving compromised host defense， mpaired clearance of airway mucus， bacterial colonization， infections， and inflammation， leading to frequent acute exacerbations and diminished quality of life. Based on the hypothesis of “vicious circle”， this paper explores the treatment of bronchiectasis by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from three aspects. Firstly， dissipating excessive “phlegm” secretion and enhancing airway clearance form the foundation of the treatment， aiming to improve the condition of mucus hypersecretion. Secondly， invigorating spleen for strengthening vital energy can improve the function of immune system and reduce recurrent infections and acute attacks. Lastly， clearing heat and purging the lung can alleviate infection and inflammatory damage. By employing these methods， TCM can disrupt the progression of the “vicious circle”， delaying disease advancement， minimizing acute exacerbations， and improving the quality of life for patients.

Aims: This review aimed to comprehensively examine kratom’s therapeutic potential for treatment of mental health-related issues as well as any related benefits and risks. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Review methods: Three authors carried out electronic search of articles published between 1950 to September 2022 through major databases for a duration of three months (from July to September 2022). Each author independently screened the literature for inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings were then compared, discrepancies between authors were resolved, and the final selection of articles were reviewed. Results: A total of 46 articles were included in this review. A total of three in vitro and animal studies and five cross-sectional online surveys reported the therapeutic potential of kratom in opioid replacement therapy. In addition, a total of two animal studies and three cross-sectional online surveys highlighted the role of kratom as a potential antidepressant and anxiolytic. Contrastingly, two animal studies, 11 studies in human subjects, and 16 case reports documented the risk of kratom dependence, cravings, tolerance, and kratom-related substance use disorder as the major safety concern of implementing kratom use as a therapeutic agent. Conclusion and impact: In the absence of human clinical trial, coupled with various considerable adverse events of kratom (not limited to psychological side effects), evidence to support kratom as potential therapeutic use remains inconclusive.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by excess in nature and deficiency in superficiality. For COPD patients, the deficiency of lung and kidney is the basis for production of the latent toxin, and repeated exogenous infection is the main factor for the latent toxin to enter the lung. The key pathogenesis of stable COPD is the entry of latent toxin into the lung and the injury of lung and collaterals. Therefore, tonifying lung and kidney, removing toxins and dredging collaterals are the core treatment methods for COPD in stable period. Bufei Decoction is with good efficacy in the treatment of COPD in stable period, which can not only tonify lung and kidney to consolidate, but also dredging collaterals to remove toxins. Based on the pathogenesis of "latent toxin entering lung", the relevant mechanisms of Bufei Decoction in treating stable COPD were further understood and explored, in order to benefit clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the application effect of dyadic intervention scheme based on dyadic disease management theory and Information, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice model in the discharge preparation of elderly stroke patients and family caregivers.Methods:The 92 pairs of elderly stroke patients and their caregivers hospitalized in the Department of Neurology in People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University were conveniently selected. The non synchronous control method quasi experimental research was adopted. Totally 46 pairs of subjects who met the criteria for admission and discharge from May to July 2022 were set as the control group, and routine nursing was carried out; from August to October 2022, 46 pairs of subjects who met the criteria for admission and emission were set as the observation group to implement the dyadic intervention program. The scores of discharge readiness, self-efficacy and unplanned readmission rate of patients between the two groups were compared, and the scores of caregiver readiness, self-efficacy and caregiver stress between the two groups were compared.Results:Finally, 85 pairs of subjects completed the study, with 42 pairs in the control group and 43 pairs in the observation group. On discharge day, the total scores of discharge readiness and caregiver readiness in the observation group were (95.19 ± 4.47), (23.02 ± 2.20) points, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (85.71 ± 5.31), (19.57 ± 1.65) points, with statistically significant differences ( t=8.91,8.16, both P<0.01); the self-efficacy levels of patients in the observation group at discharge and one month after discharge, as well as those of caregivers at discharge and one month after discharge were (73.86 ± 4.87), (75.91 ± 4.51), (75.67 ± 4.99), (79.21 ± 4.90) points, respectively, higher than those in the control group (71.62 ± 5.19), (73.33 ± 4.91), (73.48 ± 4.24), (75.48 ± 4.24) points, with statistically significant differences ( t values were from 2.05 to 3.75, all P<0.05); the pressure levels of caregivers in the observation group at discharge and one month after discharge were (7.51 ± 2.48), (6.28 ± 1.99) points, respectively, lower than those in the control group (8.76 ± 2.55), (7.45 ± 2.36) points, with statistically significant differences ( t=-2.29, -2.48, both P<0.05); the unplanned readmission rate of patients in the observation group one month after discharge was 7.0% (3/43), lower than the control group′s 23.8% (10/42), with statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.65, P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of dyadic intervention on elderly stroke patients and caregivers can make their discharge preparation process more adequate, thus reducing the caregiver′s care pressure, reducing the unplanned readmission rate of patients, and improving their health outcomes.

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Objective:To study the efficacy and influencing factors of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of cholesterol gallstone, so as to provide reference for the treatment of cholesterol gallstone by internal medicine.Methods:From March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018, at outpatient department of gastroenterology of 9 Beijing medical centers including Peking University People′s Hospital, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Peking University Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, the data of patients with cholesterol gallstone treated by UDCA were collected. The inclusion criteria were that the largest diameter of stone was ≤10 mm and the stone was not detected under X-ray. The treatment plan was taking UDCA orally for 6 months at a dose of 10 mg·kg -1·d -1. The basic information of patients, the ultrasound examination results before treatment and 6 months after treatment, and scores of biliary abdominal pain and dyspepsia symptom were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the efficacy in gallstrone dissolution by UDCA, and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 215 patients were enrolled. The complete dissolution rate of gallstone was 19.5% (42/215) and partial dissolution rate was 50.7% (109/215), and the total effective rate was 70.2% (151/215). The complete dissolution rate of sandy stone was significantly higher than that of lumped stones (37.0%(17/46) vs. 14.8%(25/169); OR=3.377, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.621 to 7.035, P=0.001). In lumped stones, the complete dissolution rate of the stones with diameter ≤5 mm was significantly higher than that of the stones with diameter >5 mm (37.5%(9/24) vs. 11.0%(16/145); OR=4.837, 95% CI 1.823 to 12.839, P=0.002). The complete dissolution rate of patients with higher body mass index ( OR=0.872, 95% CI 0.764 to 0.995, P=0.043) and longer disease course ( OR=0.942, 95% CI 0.912 to 0.973, P<0.001) was low. The results of multivariate logistic analysis indicated that long disease course of gallstone ( OR=0.940, 95% CI 0.908 to 0.974, P=0.001), rough gallbladder wall ( OR=0.438, 95% CI 0.200 to 0.962, P=0.040) and lumped stone ( OR=0.236, 95% CI 0.101 to 0.550, P=0.001) were independent risk factors of influencing the efficacy of stone dissolution by UDCA. As for lumped stones, the independent risk factors included long disease course of gallstone ( OR=0.926, 95% CI 0.877 to 0.978, P=0.006) and stone diameter >5 mm ( OR=0.142, 95% CI 0.043 to 0.470, P=0.001). After 6 months of UDCA treatment, score of biliary abdominal pain decreased from 0 (0 to 6) to 0 (0 to 0) and the score of dyspepsia symptom decreased from 1 (0 to 2) to 0 (0 to 0), and the differences between before treatment and after treatment were statistically significant ( Z=-8.50, and -9.13, both P<0.001). Conclusions:UDCA has a certain efficacy in cholesterol gallstone dissolution and can ease biliary abdominal pain and dyspepsia symptom. Long disease course of gallstone, rough gallbladder wall and stone diameter >5 mm are independent risk factors of poor efficacy in gallstone dissolution by UDCA.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Youguiwan on the rats with adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome （NS） and its mechanism. MethodSD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， three Youguiwan low， medium， and high-dose groups， and a prednisone group. Rats in the model group were intravenously injected with adriamycin in the tail vein to induce the NS model. Rats in the Youguiwan low， medium， and high-dose groups were given 2.8， 5.6， 11.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 of crude drugs， respectively， and rats in the prednisone group were given 6.3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of prednisone acetate. Each administration group was given continuous medicine for 6 weeks， and the normal group and model group were given an equal volume of normal saline. Bicinchoninic acid （BCA） assay was used to detect 24 h urine protein （24 h UP）. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum urea nitrogen （BUN）， creatinine （SCr）， albumin （ALB）， total cholesterol （TC）， and triglyceride （TG） levels. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe renal tissue morphology， and kit was used to detect serum advanced oxidized protein products （AOPPs） and reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Western blot was used to detect the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts （RAGE） of renal tissue， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） phosphorylation levels， Wnt， and β-catenin protein expression. ResultAs compared with the normal group， 24 h UP， serum BUN， SCr， TC， TG， AOPPs， and ROS levels in the model group increased significantly （P<0.01）， whereas ALB decreased （P<0.01）. There were typical pathological injuries in the renal tissue， and the expressions of RAGE， phosphorylation（p）-NF-κB， Wnt1， and β-catenin protein were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the 24 h UP， serum BUN， SCr， TC， TG， AOPPs， and ROS levels of rats in the Youguiwan low， medium， and high-dose groups significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and ALB significantly increased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue damage was reduced， and the expressions of RAGE， p-NF-κB， Wnt1， and β-catenin protein were significantly decreased （P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionYouguiwan improves the kidney injury of rats with adriamycin-induced NS. The mechanism may be related to the reduction of AOPPs level， inhibition of RAGE/ROS/NF-κB axis， and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal.

Objective:To investigate the current status of prevention and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients in Ningxia region.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients who were admitted to 21 medical centers in Niangxia region from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected, including 85 cases in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, 73 cases in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 59 cases in the Wuzhong People′s Hospital, 52 cases in the Qingtongxia People′s Hospital, 50 cases in the Guyuan People′s Hospital, 47 cases in the Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan City, 47 cases in the Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital, 40 cases in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 40 cases in the Tongxin People′s Hospital, 35 cases in the Yinchuan First People′s Hospital, 34 cases in the Third People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 32 cases in the Zhongwei People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Lingwu People′s Hospital, 30 cases in the Wuzhong New District Hospital, 30 cases in the Yanchi People′s Hospital, 29 cases in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 28 cases in the Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital, 25 cases in the Shizuishan First People′s Hospital, 21 cases in the Haiyuan People′s Hospital, 20 cases in the Pengyang People′s Hospital, 13 cases in the Longde People′s Hospital. There were 538 males and 282 females, aged (56±13)years. Observation indicators: (1) clinical charac-teristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (2) overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients; (3) prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 820 cirrhotic portal hypertension patients, 271 cases were in compensated stage and 549 cases were in decompensated stage. Of the 271 cases in compensated stage, there were 183 maels and 88 females, aged (53±12)years. There were 185 Han people, 85 Hui people and 1 case of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 211 cases of viral hepatitis B, 4 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 8 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 48 cases of other etiology. There were 235 cases of Child-Pugh grade A and 36 cases lack of data. Of the 549 cases in decompensated stage, there were 355 males and 194 females, aged (57±14) years. There were 373 Han people, 174 Hui people and 2 cases of other ethic group. The etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed 392 cases of viral hepatitis B, 33 cases of alcoholic liver disease, 10 cases of viral hepatitis C, and 114 cases of other etiology. There were 80 cases of Child-Pugh grade A, 289 cases of grade B, 170 cases of grade C and 10 cases lack of data. (2) Overall prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 38 cases received non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) therapy, 16 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 68 cases received NSBB therapy, 46 cases received endoscopic treatment, 28 cases received interventional therapy. (3) Prevention and treatment of EVB in cirrhotic portal hypertension patients from different grade hospitals: of 271 patients in compensated stage, 181 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 28 cases received NSBB therapy, 15 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interventional therapy. Ninety cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 10 cases received NSBB therapy, 1 cases received endoscopic treatment. There was no significant difference in NSBB for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=0.947, P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in endoscopic treatment for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=5.572, P<0.05). Of 549 patients in decompensated stage, 309 cases came from tertiary hospitals, of which 22 cases received NSBB therapy, 29 cases received endoscopic treatment, 22 cases received interventional therapy. Two hundreds and fourty cases came from secondary hospitals, of which 46 cases received NSBB therapy, 17 cases received endoscopic treatment, 6 cases received interven-tional therapy. There were significant differences in NSBB and interventional therapy for prevention of EVB between tertiary and secondary hospitals ( χ2=18.065, 5.956, P<0.05). Conclusions:The proportion of receiving EUB prevention in cirrhotic portal hypertension in Ningxia is relatively low. For patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of NSBB therapy and endoscopic treatment in the secondary hospitals was lower than that in tertiary hospitals. For patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, the proportion of interventional treatment in secondary hospitals is lower than that of tertiary hospitals, but the proportion of NSBB in secondary hospitals taking is higher than that of tertiary hospitals.

Objective:To investigate the clinical values of the differences between hematocrit and serum albumin (HCT-ALB) for evaluating the severity of patients with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning.Methods:Patients with acute PQ poisoning admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled, and healthy voluteers during the same period were selected as the control. The general information, poisoning dose and poisoning time of patients, as well as the HCT and serum ALB levels before blood product infusion, intravenous infusion, or hemopurification at admission were collected, and the HCT-ALB was calculated. According to the results of rapid semiquantitative test of PQ in urine at admission, the patients were divided into PQ low concentration group (0-10 mg/L) and PQ high concentration group (30-100 mg/L). The relationship between poisoning time, poisoning dose, HCT-ALB and the degree of acute PQ poisoning were analyzed, and Spearman method was used to analyze the grade correlation.Results:A total of 295 patients with acute PQ poisoning were enrolled, including 118 cases in PQ low concentration group and 177 cases in PQ high concentration group, and another 200 healthy persons matched with PQ patients in gender and age (healthy control group). The poisoning time of PQ low concentration group was significantly longer than that of PQ high concentration group [hours: 11.0 (6.0, 60.0) vs. 8.0 (5.0, 20.5), P < 0.01], but the poisoning dose was significantly lower than that of PQ high concentration group [mL: 10.0 (5.8, 15.0) vs. 40.0 (20.0, 80.0), P < 0.01]. The HCT and HCT-ALB in PQ low and high concentration groups were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group [HCT: (43.14±4.41)%, (43.54±5.40)% vs. (42.14±2.15)%, HCT-ALB: 3.59±6.26, 5.94±7.80 vs. -7.26±3.55, all P < 0.01], but ALB was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group (g/L: 39.54±5.74, 37.60±7.15 vs. 49.40±3.41, both P < 0.01). With the increase of urine PQ concentration, the HCT and HCT-ALB further increased, and ALB further decreased. There were significant differences between PQ high concentration group and PQ low concentration group [HCT: (43.54±5.40)% vs. (43.14±4.41)%, HCT-ALB: 5.94±7.80 vs. 3.59±6.26, ALB (g/L): 37.60±7.15 vs. 39.54±5.74, all P < 0.05]. The poisoning severity of patients with acute PQ poisoning were negatively correlated with poisoning time and ALB ( r values were -0.195 and -0.695, respectively, both P < 0.01), there were positively correlated with poisoning dose, HCT, and HCT-ALB ( r values were 0.650, 0.256, 0.737, respectively, all P < 0.01), and the correlation between HCT-ALB and poisoning severity was the strongest. Conclusion:The HCT-ALB can reflect the poisoning severity of patients with acute PQ poisoning and indirectly reveal the pathological changes of microvessels in patients with acute PQ poisoning.