Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)is known to modulate the expression of genes related to cell transformation,proliferation,and survival,making it a significant target for cancer therapy.Recent research has also highlighted the crucial involvement of aberrant STAT3 activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Accordingly,this article focuses on the therapeutic potential of targeting STAT3 in DKD.The structure of STAT3,its mechanisms of activity regulation,mechanisms of abnormal STAT3 activation in DKD,and a summary of the current research is provided.The review aims provide a reference for research into the pathogenesis of DKD and the development of new drugs.

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of learning and memory damage induced by arsenic exposure through studying the effects of arsenic exposure on levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinases B (TrkB) in hippocampus of offspring mice at different developmental stages.Methods:Twenty-four pregnant Kunming mice were divided into control (distilled water) group and 15, 30 and 60 mg/L sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) groups according to random number table method, six mice in each group. The pregnant mice were exposed to NaAsO 2 until weaning. After weaning, the offspring mice were still exposed to NaAsO 2 through drinking water till postnatal day (PND) 40. Morris water maze was used to determine the effects of arsenic exposure on learning and memory ability in PND 40 mice. The body weight of the mice was measured at PND 10, 20 or 40, and brain tissues were taken after the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampus was isolated. The levels of BDNF and TrkB mRNA in the hippocampus of offspring mice were measured by Real-time PCR. Results:There was significant difference in body weight of PND 20 offspring mice among the control, 15, 30 and 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 groups [(14.42 ± 1.88), (13.50 ± 1.38), (13.00 ± 1.14), (11.75 ± 0.82) g, F = 4.000, P < 0.05], the body weight of offspring mice in 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 group decreased significantly than that in control group( P < 0.05); there was significant difference in body weight of PND 40 offspring mice among groups [(38.58 ± 2.35), (37.17 ± 1.78), (35.67 ± 1.69), (33.83 ± 1.47) g, F = 7.248, P < 0.05], the body weights of offspring mice in 30 and 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 groups were significantly lower than that in control group, and the body weight of PND 40 offspring mice in 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 group was significantly lower than that in 15 mg/L NaAsO 2 group ( P < 0.05); the results of Morris water maze showed that there were significant differences in the escape latency of offspring mice among groups since 3 - 5 days of training ( F = 3.380, 6.788, 7.240, P < 0.05), the escape latency of offspring mice in NaAsO 2 groups [(67.76 ± 6.45), (71.47 ± 12.19), (73.96 ± 10.42), (58.63 ± 9.24), (60.20 ± 3.74), (67.96 ± 15.41) s] was significantly longer than that in control group [(52.83 ± 8.33), (43.39 ± 8.98) s] since 4 - 5 days of training ( P < 0.05); on the other hand, in the probe trail, there was significant difference in time spent in the target quadrant of offspring mice among groups ( F = 5.709, P < 0.05), time spent in the target quadrant of offspring mice in 30 and 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 groups [(18.85 ± 3.97), (16.90 ± 1.62) s] was significantly less than that in control group [(24.48 ± 3.18) s, P < 0.05]; there was significant difference in BDNF mRNA levels (1.00 ± 0.05, 0.98 ± 0.06, 0.85 ± 0.06, 0.68 ± 0.03) of PND 20 mice among groups ( F = 9.368, P < 0.05), BDNF mRNA level of mice exposed to 60 mg/L NaAsO 2 was significantly lower than that in control, 15 and 30 mg/L NaAsO 2 groups ( P < 0.05); there was significant difference in BDNF mRNA levels (1.00 ± 0.03, 0.75 ± 0.02, 0.76 ± 0.03, 0.73 ± 0.06) of PND 40 mice among groups ( F = 3.998, P < 0.05), and that of PND 40 mice exposed to NaAsO 2 decreased significantly than that in control group ( P < 0.05); there was significant difference in TrkB mRNA levels (1.00 ± 0.08, 0.71 ± 0.02, 0.73 ± 0.02, 0.68 ± 0.09) of PND 20 mice among groups ( F = 16.158, P < 0.05), and that of PND 20 mice exposed to NaAsO 2 were significantly lower than that in control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Arsenic exposure could decrease the mRNA levels of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus of offspring mice, which may affect the ability of learning and memory.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mannose on the radiosensitivity of six human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and its possible mechanism.Methods:The expression of mannose phosphate isomerase in six lung cancer cell lines were detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effect of mannose on the proliferation of lung cancer cell lines were observed by MTT assay. When irradiated with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy, the effect of mannose on the radiosensitivity of six lung cancer cell lines was detected by plate clone formation assay, respectively; and the apoptosis rates of normal control, mannose, irradiation and combined groups were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The expression levels of mannose phosphate isomerase were different among six lung cancer cell lines. Among them, A549 cells had the highest expression level and H460 cells showed the lowest expression level. When aD ministrated with 11.1 mmol/L mannose, the same inhibitory effect was observed on both A549 and H460 cell lines. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on H460 cell line was significantly increased with the increase of mannose concentration. In addition, aD ministration of 11.1 mmol/L mannose could significantly increase the radiosensitivity and apoptosis rate of H460 cell line. However, it exerted limited effect upon the radiosensitivity and apoptosis rate of A549 cell line. Conclusion:In six lung cancer cell lines with high expression of mannose phosphate isomerase, the aD ministration of mannose can enhance the radiosensitivity of partial tumors cells.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term survival and identify prognostic factors of patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC) receiving stereotactic ablation radiotherapy (SABR).Methods:Clinical data of 109 ES-NSCLC patients treated with SABR in Henan Cancer Hospital from 2011 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated by Kaplan- Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was performed by Cox regression model. Results:The median follow-up time was 44 months (2-93 months). The median OS, CSS and PFS were 78 months, 78 months and 44 months, respectively. The 1-year OS, CSS and PFS were 95.4%, 97.2% and 84.1%, and 75.6%, 79.1% and 56.6% for the 3-year OS, CSS and PFS, and 55.6%, 60.7% and 37.3% for the 5-year OS, CSS and PFS, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that ECOG score, age, smoking history and derived-neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were the influencing factors of OS ( P=0.03, 0.02, 0.04, 0.001). Age, smoking history and dNLR were the influencing factors of CSS ( P=0.02, 0.03, 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that dNLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS ( P=0.001, 0.001). Conclusions:ES-NSCLC patients treated with SABR can achieve favorable survival. The dNLR is an independent prognostic factor of OS and CSS, which can be considered in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the protective effects of anemarsaponin B on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury astrocytes and its possible mechanism. METHODS： The primary astrocytes of neonatal SD rats were cultured and identified， and then randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive control group （nimodipine， 10 μmol/L）， anemarsaponin B low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1， 10， 100 μmol/L）， respectively. Normal group and model group were given complete medium 1 000 μL. Administration group was given complete medium with relevant medicine 1 000 μL. Except for normal group， hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion in other groups. After reoxygenation， relative release rate of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in cell was detected by colorimetry. MTT assay was used to detect the relative viability of the cells. The contents of aquaporin 4 （AQP-4）， IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in cell were measured by ELISA. RESULTS： Compared with normal group， relative release rate of LDH， the contents of AQP-4， IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in cell were increased significantly in model group， while relative viability of the cells were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， relative release rate of LDH， the contents of AQP-4， IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in cell were decreased significantly in administration groups， while relative viability of the cells were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Anemarsaponin B can significantly decrease cell injury degree， strengthen cell viability and protect hypoxia/reoxygenation injury astrocytes to certain extent. The effect may be related to the down-regulation of the secretion of AQP-4， IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α.

Objective: To explore the A wave value in neuroelectrophysiological subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS)and the clinical severity and short-term prognosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy(AIDP). Methods: From March 2014 to March 2017, a total of 56 children with GBS at Department of Neurology of Wuhan Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology were enrolled.The patients were divided into AIDP subtype(40 cases) and axonal GBS subtype(16 cases) according to the results of electrophysiological examination.According to whether there was existence of A wave or not, the GBS children were divided into 2 groups.The first group was the A wave in GBS group(18 cases), and the second group was non-A wave in GBS group(38 cases). In order to explore classification value for GBS with A wave, clinical data including age, gender, history of prodromal infection, cranial nerve dysfunction, autonomic nerve involvement and conduction blocks were analyzed.To explore A wave value in clinical severity and short-term prognosis of AIDP, the age, gender, clinical severity, conduction blocks, short-term prognosis of the 2 groups were analyzed in A wave with AIDP (18 cases) and non-A wave with AIDP(22 cases). Results: Compared with non-A wave GBS patients, A wave GBS patients had more conduction blocks(10 cases vs.2 cases, χ²=18.021, P=0.000). Age, sex, precedent infections, cranial nerve involvement, autonomic nerve involvement were not significantly statistically different(all P>0.05). A wave was only seen in AIDP subtype(18 cases), and the percentage of A wave in AIDP was 45%(18/40 cases). There was no A wave in axonal GBS.Compared with non-A wave in AIDP, A wave in AIDP patients had more conduction blocks(10 cases vs.2 cases, χ²=9.924, P=0.002), poorer clinical motor function[(3.39±1.09) scores vs.(2.50±1.01) scores, t=2.667, P=0.011]and short-term prognosis[(2.06±0.64) scores vs.(1.55±0.60) scores, t=2.607, P=0.013]. Conclusions A wave is correlated with demyelination subtype in children′s Guillain-Barré syndrome and poor short-term prognosis in AIDP.

Objective To explore the prognostic factors in Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in children. Methods A total of 125 children with GBS were included and grouped according to their independent walking at two and six months after discharge, and their clinical data were analyzed. Results In 125 children (74 males, 51 females) the average age was 84.49±25.32 months, and 41 were under 6 years old. 102 children had a history of prodromal infections. 32 children had cranial nerve involvement and 35 had autonomic nerve involvement. 12 children need assisted respiration. At 2 and 6 months after discharge, when compared with children who could walk independently, the rates of functional score > 3, cranial nerve involvement, and neuroelectrophysiology as denervation potential were higher in children who could not walk independently, and the differences were statistically significant (P all<0.05). Conclusions The factors that affect the short-term prognosis are denervation potential in neuroelectrophysiology, cranial nerve involvement, and functional score > 3. Early identification of uniqueness in patients and subsequent development of targeted rehabilitation training should be carried out to improve the prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical menifestation, electrophysiological characteristics and prognosis of demyelinating and axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children. Method A total of 81 children with GBS were divided into demyelinating and axonal subtypes according to the results of two electrophysiological examinations. And the clinical, neuro electrophysiological characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were analyzed. Results There were 60 cases of demyelinating GBS and 21 cases of axonal GBS. In children with axonal GBS, there were 5 cases of reversible conduction block. The interval of onset to fastigium in axonal GBS was shorter than that of demyelinating subtype, and blood antiganglioside antibody was more common, and there were statistically differences (P all<0.05). The age at onset, the history of the prodromal infection, the sensory symptoms, the cranial nerve involvement, the impairment of the autonomic nervous function, the cerebrospinal fluid protein-cell separation, and the HG scores at the time of admission and during fastigium were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Children with reversible conduction block had faster recovery than those without reversible conduction block in axonal GBS, and there was statistical differences (P<0.01). There was no difference in short-term prognosis (2 months after discharge) and long-term prognosis (1 years after discharge) between the axonal GBS and demyelinating GBS children (P>0.05). Conclusion Axonal GBS clinically progressed more rapidly than demyelinating subtype, but there was no difference in prognosis between them. Also, axonal GBS with a reversible conduction block recovered faster.

Objective To investigate the factors in diagnosis delay in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its impact on prognosis.Methods In this study 118 GBS children including Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) and pharyngeal-cervical-brachial Guillain-Barré syndrome (PCB) were studied.All children included were divided into 2 groups as GBS-initially-diagnosed group (GBSid,n=76) and not-GBS-initially diagnosed group (nGBSid,n=42) based on the initial diagnosis.Analysis was performed with age at disease onset,preceding infection,Hughes functional grading (HG),the department where the instial diaghosis is done,main complain,the days from disease onset to seeing doctor,time start to treatment,the discharge time,evaluation by a neurologist.Results Among 118 GBS,90 children were of classical GBS,13 of MFS,and 6 of PCB.Atypical muscle weakness,neuropathic pain and impaired respiration function were more frequently seen in nGBSid group (P＜0.05).At the initial diagnosis,lacking of neurological evaluation was found more frequently in nGBSid group (P＜0.05).The duration from onset to the commencement of treatment was longer in nGBSid group than that in GBSid group (P＜0.05),and short term prognosis was poor in GBSid group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Atypical main complaints including neuropathic pain,the impaired respiration function and atypical muscle weakness,and lack of neurological evaluation were all associated with a delay in considering the diagnosis of GBS.The delay in diagnosis had a significant impact on short term prognosis.

BACKGROUND:A series of inflammatory signal pathways are activated accompanied by increasing expressions of inflammatory factors after periodontal tissues being stimulated by exogenous substances like bacterium. Inflammation is closely related to periodontal tissue repair and regeneration.
OBJECTIVE:To il ustrate the correlation of immune response of periodontitis and periodontitis-related inflammatory cytokines to p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway, and to provide a new idea and method for the treatment of periodontitis in the future.
METHODS:The related literatures of periodontitis and p38MAPK pathway published from January 1990 to January 2016 were retrieved from the databases of CBM, CNKI, SWIC and PubMed. The research and progress of periodontal tissue repair and regeneration after periodontitis were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 36 literatures were enrol ed final y. Inflammation-regulated and inflammation-associated signaling pathways as wel as subsequent expression of inflammatory mediators can partly control the excessive disease-induced inflammation and immune responses of the host, among which p38MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in the occurrence and development of periodontitis. More studies, however, are needed to validate these findings. The regulation of p38MAPK signaling pathway is stil of great significance in the treatment of periodontal disease, and we hope to provide a new insight and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.