Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of acellular nerve allografts(ANA)combined with electroacupuncture on spinal ganglia in rats with sciatic nerve injury(SNI).Methods Totally 50 male adult SD rats were randomly selected for this experiment.Ten rats were prepared for the ANA.Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,ANA group and combinational group,with 10 rats in each group.The SNI model was established by cutting off the nerves 10 mm at the 5 mm on the inferior border of piriformis after separating the right sciatic nerves.The rats in the ANA group were bridged with ANA to the two broken ends of injured nerves.The rats in the combinational group were treated with electroacupuncture 2 days after ANA bridging,Huantiao(GB30)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were performed as the acupuncture points,each electroacupuncture lasted 15 minutes and 7 days as a course of treatment,4 courses in all.Sciatic nerve conduction velocity was measured by electrophysiology to evaluate the regeneration of damaged axons.Morphology of spinal ganglia was observed by Nissl staining.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining.Results Compared with the normal group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in model group decreased significantly(P<0.01),Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia were swollen and dissolved,with incomplete structure and the number decreased dramatically(P<0.01),while the level of NGF and BDNF also decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in ANA and combinational groups strongly increased(P<0.01),the damage of Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia reduced and the number obviously increased(P<0.01),the level of NGF and BDNF increased considerably(P<0.01).Compared with the ANA group,the sciatic nerve conduction velocity in combinational group increased significantly(P<0.01),the morphology of Nissl bodies in neurons of spinal ganglia were more regular and the number increased(P<0.01),moreover,the level of NGF also increased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion ANA combined with electroacupuncture can enhance the sciatic nerve conduction velocity,improve the morphology of neurons in spinal ganglia and play a protective effect on spinal ganglia.The mechanism can be related to the higher expression of NGF and BDNF proteins,especially the expression of NGF protein.

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

Objective To analyse the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer,and to provide reference for clinical application.Methods The clinical research,practitioner's experience and academic thought of acupuncture treatment for non-small cell lung cancer were retrieved to obtain the acupuncture prescriptions of modern practitioners for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.Based on the statistical methods of acupoint frequency,prescription rules,acupoint clustering and core combination,the core theoretical system and acupoint selection rules of acupuncture treatment of non-small cell lung cancer by modern practitioner were analyzed.Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,94 acupuncture prescriptions were finally included.There were eight acupoints used more than 20 times,which were Zusanli(ST36),Neiguan(PC6),Feishu(BL13),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Qihai(RN6),Guanyuan(RN4),Hegu(LI4)and Zhongwan(RN12).The top three high-frequency acupoint combinations were Zusanli-Neiguan,Zusanli-Sanyinjiao and Qihai-Zusanli;correlation analysis showed that the correlation strength of Zusanli-Neiguan was the highest,followed by Zusanli-Sanyinjiao and Zusanli-Hegu.The cluster analysis showed that the acupoints with frequency＞10 times could be divided into three categories.Category 1 includes:Zusanli,Neiguan,Sanyinjiao,Hegu;category 2 includes Guanyuan,Qihai,Zhongwan,Xuehai(SP10),Taichong(LR3);category 3 consists of two parts,one is Danzhong(RN17),Tiantu(RN22),Fenglong(ST40),Taiyuan(LU9);the second is Feishu(BL13),Lieque(LU7),Chize(LU5),Zhongfu(LU1),Xinshu(BL15),Gaohuang(BL43),Fengmen(BL12).Conclusion The core acupoints for acupuncture treatment of non-small cell lung cancer include four categories:① invigorating the spleen and benefiting qi:Zusanli,Sanyinjiao,Zhongwan and Fenglong;②replenishing and supplementing original qi:Guanyuan,Qihai and Gaohuang;③regulating qi and broadening the chest:Danzhong,Neiguan,Tiantu and Fengmen;④ diffusing the lung and ventilating qi:Feishu,Hegu,Chize and Lieque.The three treatment methods of replenishing qi,regulating qi and venting pathogen are the basis of acupuncture treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.The core idea of acupuncture treatment of non-small cell lung cancer focuses on supplementation,supplemented by dredging,and to dredge and supplement simultaneously.

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of hesperidin combined with enriched environment on ferroptosis in collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) mouse model as well as the ferroptosis mechanism.Methods:ICH model was established by injecting collagenase Ⅶ into caudate putamen nucleus. Ninty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table: sham group, intracerebral hemorrhage group, enriched environment group, hesperidin group, enriched environment and hesperidin group (combination group), and combination group + Nrf2 specific inhibitor ML385 (inhibitor group), with 15 mice in each group. The mice in inhibitor group, intracerebral hemorrhage group, enriched environment group, hesperidin group and combination group were injected with 0.5 μL collagenase type Ⅶ solution (0.075 U/μL, dissolved with 0.9% NaCl solutin) for ICH modeling, and the mice in sham group were injected with 0.9% normal saline. The hesperidin group, combination group, and inhibitor group were given hesperidin solution (dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium) by gavage within 6 hours after the modeling surgery. The sham group, intracerebral hemorrhage group, and enriched environment group were given equal volumes of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage. The inhibitor group was intraperitoneally injected with Nrf2 specific inhibitor ML385 (30 mg/kg, dissolved in 5% DMSO), while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 5% DMSO. Both gastric perfusion and intraperitoneal injection were completed within 6 hours after the end of modeling operation, once a day for 14 days. After the postoperative recovery of the mice, the enriched environment group, combination group, and inhibitor group were placed in enriched environment cages, while the sham group, intracerebral hemorrhage group, and hesperidin group were placed in regular cages. After all intervention were completed, all mice were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Then the mice were subjected to brain water content detection, Prussian blue staining, ELISA detection of changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), PCR and Western blot detection of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Gpx4 at the mRNA level and protein level. The GraphPad Prism 9 software was used for statistical analysis. ANOVA was used for multi-group comparison, and Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:(1) There was a statistically significant difference in mNSS scores among the 6 groups ( F=66.35, P<0.001). The mNSS score of the intracerebral hemorrhage group(8.00±1.46) was higher than that of the sham group(0.86±0.83)( P<0.05). The mNSS scores of the enriched environment group (6.47±1.13) and hesperidin group (6.13±1.25) were lower than that of the intracerebral hemorrhage group, but higher than that of the combination group (4.53±1.30)(all P<0.05). (2) There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of brain water content among the 6 groups ( F=33.29, P<0.001). The percentage of brain water content in the intracerebral hemorrhage group was higher than that in the sham group.The percentage of brain water content in the enriched environment group and hesperidin group were lower than that in the intracerebral hemorrhage group, but higher than that in the combination group (all P<0.05). (3) The result of Prussian blue staining showed that iron deposition in the intracerebral hemorrhage group was higher than that in the sham group, while the iron depositions in the enriched environment group and hesperidin groups were lower than that in the intracerebral hemorrhage group, but higher than that in the combination group(all P<0.05). (4) There were statistically significant differences in the expression levels of Nrf2 and Gpx4 mRNA and protein among the 6 groups ( F=27.73, 31.24, 26.79, 13.79, all P<0.001). The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and Gpx4 in the combination group were higher than those in the enriched environment group, hesperidin group, but higher than those in the inhibitor group(all P<0.05). (5) The results of ELISA showed that the levels of MDA, Gpx4, ROS, and SOD in the brain tissues of 6 groups were statistically significant ( F=111.20, 21.53, 29.45, 22.75, all P<0.001). Among them, the MDA and ROS in the combination group ((14.05±0.57) nmol/mL, (75.46±3.40) ng/mL) were lower than those in the enriched environment group ((18.17±2.51) nmol/mL, (97.23±3.43) ng/mL), hesperidin group ((17.24±0.68) nmol/mL, (90.02±9.46) ng/mL) and the inhibitor group ((17.08±0.64) nmol/mL, (101.07±3.38) ng/mL), while Gpx4 and SOD ((340.40±31.21) pg/mL, (62.55±2.81) ng/mL) were higher than those in the enriched environment group ((267.81±27.17) pg/mL, (50.47±8.38) ng/mL), hesperidin group ((271.55±34.36) pg/mL, (50.55±8.19) ng/mL) and the inhibitor group ((235.65±72.54)pg/mL, (52.67±3.56)ng/mL)(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Enriched environment and hesperidin can inhibit ferroptosis after ICH by activating the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, exerting neuroprotective effects on ICH mouse models, and the combined treatment of the enriched environment and hesperidin has a more significant effect.

Aim To clarify the differential proteins of mammary tissues in Xihuang pills(XHP)against hy-perplasia of mammary glands(HMG)based on quanti-tative proteomics technology and validate them,and to explore the mechanism of action.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group and XHP group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,estrogen and progesterone were injec-ted intramuscularly to establish a rat model of mamma-ry hyperplasia for 30 d.After XHP was administered for 14 d,the rats in each group were observed to have morphological changes in the apparent morphology of the mammary tissues,and pathological changes in the mammary tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the differentially expressed pro-teins(DEPs)in the groups were screened by quantita-tive proteomics technology and subjected to bioinforma-tics analysis,and Western blot to verify the key DEPs.Results Compared with the model group,the appar-ent pathological morphology of the XHP group was sig-nificantly improved,the diameter of the nipple height of the rats was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and the degree of histopathology was significantly allevia-ted.Quantitative proteomics identified 4,299 DEPs in mammary tissue,and bioinformatics analysis of 14 DEPs with consistent changes between the XHP group and the blank group relative to the model group re-vealed that they were related to the regulation of mus-cular systemic processes,regulation of muscle contrac-tion,DNA replication,and pre-initiation of DNA repli-cation.Western blot results showed that,compared with the model group,rat mammary tissue of the XHP group showed significantly lower levels of ACLY and ALDOC protein expression levels were significantly re-duced and BIN1 protein expression levels were signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusions XHP may exert its anti-mammary hyperplasia effect through the regulation of BIN1,ACLY and ALDOC protein lev-els,the regulation of DNA replication,the regulation of pre-initiation of DNA replication and muscular sys-temic processes,and the regulation of muscle contrac-tion.

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.

In infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(sBPD),severe pulmonary lobar emphysema may occur as a complication,contributing to significant impairment in ventilation.Clinical management of these infants is extremely challenging and some may require lobectomy to improve ventilation.However,prior to the lobectomy,it is very difficult to assess whether the remaining lung parenchyma would be able to sustain adequate ventilation postoperatively.In addition,preoperative planning and perioperative management are also quite challenging in these patients.This paper reports the utility of selective bronchial occlusion in assessing the safety and efficacy of lobectomy in a case of sBPD complicated by severe right upper lobar emphysema.Since infants with sBPD already have poor lung development and significant lung injury,lobectomy should be viewed as a non-traditional therapy and be carried out with extreme caution.Selective bronchial occlusion test can be an effective tool in assessing the risks and benefits of lobectomy in cases with sBPD and lobar emphysema.However,given the technical difficulty,successful application of this technique requires close collaboration of an experienced interdisciplinary team.

Objective:To investigate the criteria for two-way referral of diabetes in China through systematic review.Methods:According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles on two-way referral criteria for diabetes in China were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang from inception to July 15, 2023. The data were extracted, by author′s name, publish year, criteria for rupwards and downwards referral, sample size, study region, study type and main conclusions.Results:A total of 702 relavent articles were retrieved, and 15 of which were included in the analysis. Blood glucose levels were the basic criteria for two-way referral, The criteria for upward referral included fasting blood glucose, 2-h postpradial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and random blood glucose, but there were variations in measuement values. The criteria for downward referral included fasting blood glucose, 2-h postpradial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, with the variation in fasting blood glucose. Lipids and blood pressure were also included in the referral criteria in later literature, with the variation of blood pressure values. There was consensus on the upward referral criteria for patients with special types of diabetes and with newly diagnosed diabetes. In contrast, the referral criteria for diabetic complications were relatively vague, especially with the lack of severity classification for chronic complications.Conclusion:The two-way referral criteria for diabetes mellitus have been constantly developing, while the criteria for downwards referral to the community need to be further improved.

Cinnamomum camphora is an important economic tree species in China. According to the type and content of main components in the volatile oil of leaf, C. camphora were divided into five chemotypes, including borneol-type, camphor-type, linalool-type, cineole-type, and nerolidol-type. Terpene synthase(TPS) is the key enzyme for the formation of these compounds. Although several key enzyme genes have been identified, the biosynthetic pathway of(+)-borneol, which has the most economic value, has not been reported. In this study, nine terpenoid synthase genes CcTPS1-CcTPS9 were cloned through transcriptome analysis of four chemical-type leaves. After the recombinant protein was induced by Escherichia coli, geranyl pyrophosphate(GPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) were used as substrates for enzymatic reaction, respectively. Both CcTPS1 and CcTPS9 could catalyze GPP to produce bornyl pyrophosphate, which could be hydrolyzed by phosphohydrolase to obtain(+)-borneol, and the product of(+)-borneol accounted for 0.4% and 89.3%, respectively. Both CcTPS3 and CcTPS6 could catalyze GPP to generate a single product linalool, and CcTPS6 could also react with FPP to generate nerolidol. CcTPS8 reacted with GPP to produce 1,8-cineol(30.71%). Nine terpene synthases produced 9 monoterpene and 6 sesquiterpenes. The study has identified the key enzyme genes responsible for borneol biosynthesis in C. camphora for the first time, laying a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of chemical type formation and cultivating new varieties of borneol with high yield by using bioengineering technology.
Cinnamomum camphora/enzymology* ; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of therapy-related hematological neoplasms patients secondary to malignant solid tumors. METHODS: The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 36 hematological neoplasms patients secondary to malignant solid tumors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The 36 patients with therapy-related hematological neoplasms had a median age of 60 (47-81) years, 14 were male and 22 were female. Among them, 22 cases were acute myeloid leukemia, 5 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4 cases were multiple myeloma, 3 cases were myelodysplastic syndrome, and 2 cases were non-hodgkin's lymphoma. The median latency of malignant tumor to hematological neoplasm was 42.5 (12-120) months. The median survival time of therapy-related hematological neoplasms was 10.5 (1-83) months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 24.3%. The therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia patients had a very poor prognosis, with a median survival of 7 (1-83) months and a 3-year OS rate of 21.4%. CONCLUSION The prognosis of therapy-related hematological neoplasms secondary to malignant solid tumors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is poor, and individualized treatment should be implemented according to the clinical situation of patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use*