Leonurine(SCM-198)was discovered as one of the active constituents of the Herba Leonuri(HL).Now it can be artificially synthesized.Several recent researches has proven that it exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in several systems in animal models and cell culture in vitro.The key mechanism involves downgrading the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of several signal pathways such as PI3K/Akt,MAPK,ERK,and JNK,or upregulating the activity of Nrf2 related pathways,resulting in downregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),chemokines,adhesion molecules,etc.Owing to the advantages of high safety and efficiency,the ease of administration,as well as its effectiveness in many organs and systems,leonurine has a widely prospect for future research and clinical applications.This article reviews the progress in the fundamental research of leonurine in multiple inflammation-related disease,and it could be expect to offer new possibilities for the treatment of these disease.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from salt-processed Citri Reticulatae Semen and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 85% ethanol extract from salt-processed Citri Reticulatae Semen was isolated and purified by silica gel,D101 macroporous resins,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prepative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their antioxidant activities in vitro of the ethanol extract of Citri Reticulatae Semen,salt-processed Citri Reticulatae Semen and all the obtained compounds were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS+assay.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as limonin(1),obacunone(2),nomilin(3),deacetyl nomilin(4),kaempferol(5),nobiletin(6),diosmetin(7),isosakuranetin(8),hesperetin(9),epicatechin(10),trans-p-menthane-1α,2β,8-triol(11),byakangelicin(12),vanillin(13),p-coumaric acid(14),4-[(1-ethoxy-2-hydroxy)ethyl]phenol(15),catechol(16).Compound 10 showed strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity,with an IC50 value of(0.015±0.001)μmol/mL,and strong ABTS+radical scavenging activity,with an IC50 value of(0.010±0.005)μmol/mL.CONCLUSION Compounds 8,11,15-16 are isolated from genus Citrus for the first time,5,12,14 are obtained from Citri Reticulatae Semen for the first time.Compound 10 shows obvious antioxidant activities.After salt roasting,the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Citri Reticulatae Semen is enhanced.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 85%ethanol extract from the leaves of C.reticulata was isolated and purified by silica gel,D101 macroporous resin,MCI,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The Griess method was used to determine their inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in macrophages RAW 264.7 cells.The mice foot swelling inflammation model induced by carrageenan was established,and the levels of IL-1β,TNF-α were detected.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as nobiletin(1),tangeretin(2),5-demethylinoblitin(3),5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxy flavone(4),5-hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-trimethoxyflavanone(5),3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavanone(6),hesperetin(7),5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyphenone(8),β-balsam alcohol(9),stigmaster-5-en-3β-alcohol(10),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(11),vanillin(12).Compounds 1,4,6,7,10 and 12 had strong inhibitory activites on NO release in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells,and the IC50 values were(25.21±2.10),(37.77±0.50),(38.19±1.58),(21.89±1.73),(43.81±1.18),(47.98±2.55),(41.23±1.11),(43.80±1.43)μmol/mL,respectively.Compounds 2-3 reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Compounds 6-7,9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 1-4,8 exhibit strong in vitro anti-inflammatory activities,and compounds 2-3 exhibit significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activities.

Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to human health and has become the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are of great value. Due to its miniaturization, integration, and ease of operation, microfluidic technology enables the rapid, multi-target detection of cardiovascular disease markers and significantly facilitates the early and rapid diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the research progress of microfluidics in cardiovascular disease detection, analyzes its advantages and weaknesses in the rapid detection of protein, lipid, and nucleic acid biomarkers, hopes to provide a reference to promote the quick detection technology of cardiovascular disease, and thus proposes new considerations for the early management of cardiovascular disease.
Humans ; Microfluidics ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers ; Early Diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD). METHODS: A total of 84 patients with DSWPD were randomized into an observation group (42 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (42 cases, 3 cases dropped off). On the basis of sleep hygiene education, acupuncture was applied at Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in the observation group, while placebo acupuncture was applied at the same acupoints in the control group. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, once every other day, 3 times a week in the 1st to 4th weeks; once every 3 days, 2 times a week in the 5th to 8th weeks. Before and after treatment, the actigraphy (ACT) indexes of objective sleep (total time of stay in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, the number of awakenings and the wake time after falling asleep) and plasma cortisol (CORT) level were observed; before and after treatment and in follow-up of 1, 3 months after treatment, the scores of morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), insomnia severity index (ISI), fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the total sleep time was prolonged, the sleep efficiency was improved, the number of awakenings was reduced, and the wake time after falling asleep was shortened after treatment in the observation group (P<0.01, P<0.05), and those in the observation group after treatment were superior to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the MEQ scores after treatment in both groups and in the follow-up of 1, 3 months after treatment in the observation group were increased (P<0.01), and the MEQ score of each time point after treatment in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.01). The scores of ISI, FSS and ESS after treatment, and the scores of ISI、ESS in follow-up of 1, 3 months after treatment in the observation group were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05), and in the observation group, the scores of ISI, FSS and ESS of each time point after treatment were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment, the plasma CORT level in the observation group was decreased compared with that before treatment and that in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture can improve the sleep and wake phase of patients with DSWPD, improve sleep quality and daytime function, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of plasma CORT level.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Sleep ; Acupuncture Points ; Down-Regulation ; Sleep Duration

Objective:To investigate the effects of anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf in repair of soft tissue defects of mid-and forefoot.Methods:From September 2015 to Septemler 2020, 15 cases with severe soft tissue defects of mid-and forefoot were repaired with the anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf. There were 11 males and 4 females with an average age of 37(range, 22-53)years old. Of the 15 cases, the defects were caused by traffic accident in 6 cases and objects smash in 9 cases. Three cases were simple soft tissue defect, and 12 cases combined with fracture or dislocation and bone defect. The size of soft tissue defects ranged from 4 cm×5 cm to 7 cm×12 cm. All wounds of donor sites were repaired by skin grafting. All patients entered follow-ups at the outpatient clinic or through WeChat. The appearance of flaps and limb recovery were recorded after surgery.Results:All cases followed-up for 6-24 (mean, 16) months. Two days after surgery, 1 case had flap swelling and cyanosis, which was improved after pedicle suture removal and surface bloodletting. The pedicle of the flap was slightly bloated in 4 cases, and the texture and appearance were good in 11 cases. The ankle function of all cases recovered satisfactorily. The ranges of ankle motion were 15°-20° for dorsiflexion and 30°-40° for plantar flexion. The donor site healed well and all the skin grafts survived.Conclusion:The anterolateral wide pedicled double dynamic flap of the calf is one of the ideal flaps for repairing the soft tissue defects of the mid-and forefoot with reliable blood supply, sufficient venous return, simple operation and no require a vascular anastomosis.

Under the guidance and support of national policies in recent years, the community medical system has been developed rapidly, among which primary child healthcare is carried out routinely in community hospitals, greatly alleviating the pressure of specialized pediatric hospitals and departments of pediatrics in secondary and tertiary general hospitals. However, due to the lack of professional training for primary child healthcare personnel in community medical institutions, early symptoms of children with cerebral palsy cannot be identified and so children with cerebral palsy are often unable to receive early diagnosis and intervention, which may affect their prognosis. An article about international expert consensus and recommendations on early identification and referral of cerebral palsy in community medical institutions was published in
Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis* ; Child ; China ; Early Intervention, Educational ; Family ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which were partial metabolites of oxygen are highly reactive. Different concentrations of ROS have different effects on tumor development. Tumor cells have a high level of reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant system of tumor is in highly activated state, and thus modulation of reactive oxygen species levels could be an effective strategy to target cancer cells. Treatment with small molecules that disrupt the redox balance can kill tumor cells first. This paper outlines the main ideas of developing anti-tumor drugs based on reactive oxygen species regulation, and summarizes the representative drugs and research progress according to the mechanism of action, in an effort to suggest potential reference and ideas for developing anti-tumor drugs based on reactive oxygen species regulation.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of castrated resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods From December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2017, CRPC patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. The reliability and validity of 18 included factors were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to screen the prognostic factors of CRPC and draw the survival curve.The significant fators from single factor analysis were included in COX proportional risk model for multiple-factor analysis to determine the independent prognostic factors. Results Hematuria, osteodynia, HGB < 120 g/L, CHO > 5.18 mmol/L, TPSA > 10 ng/mL, f/tPSA > 0.19, deficiency of both qi and blood, and no treatment of combination of traditional Chinese medicine were the risk factors for overall survival (OS) in CRPC patients; CHO > 5.18 mmol/L was the only risk factor for OS in CRPC patients, which was established as risk factors. CHO > 5.18 mmol/L, HGB < 120 g/L, and deficiency of both qi and blood were the risk factors for progression free survival (PFS) in CRPC patients, but they were not independent risk factors for PFS in CRPC patients. Conclusion CHO > 5.18 mmol/L is an independent risk factor for OS in CRPC patients.

The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing, which is one of the leading causes of malignancy-associated deaths of males. Because the early symptoms of prostate cancer are not obvious, 20% of the patients have metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. The low rate of early diagnosis of prostate cancer has contributed to a higher mortality rate in China than in Europe and the United States. Highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers exist in the blood, urine and semen of prostate cancer patients. Combined laboratory techniques can improve the rate of the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, help early treatment, and prolong the survival of the patients.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Europe ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; mortality ; United States ; epidemiology