Background: Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities. Methods: We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Moreover, SLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥30. Furthermore, MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with metabolic dysfunction (MD) were categorized based on alcohol consumption and MD. We also analyzed all-cause, liver-, cancer-, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)- and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortalities. Results: This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,298,993 individuals aged 40 to 79 years for a mean follow-up duration of 9.04 years. The prevalence of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD with MD was 33.11%, 3.93%, and 1.00%, respectively. Relative to the “no SLD” group, multivariable analysis identified that MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.31), MetALD (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44), and ALD with MD group (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.93) have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MASLD, MetALD, ALD with MD groups showed higher liver-, cancer- and HCC-related mortality than “no SLD” group. While all-cause specific mortalities increase from MASLD to MetALD to ALD with MD, the MetALD group shows a lower risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. However, ALD with MD group still have a higher risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. Conclusion SLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, liver-, cancer-, HCC-, and CV-related mortalities.

Background: Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities. Methods: We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Moreover, SLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥30. Furthermore, MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with metabolic dysfunction (MD) were categorized based on alcohol consumption and MD. We also analyzed all-cause, liver-, cancer-, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)- and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortalities. Results: This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,298,993 individuals aged 40 to 79 years for a mean follow-up duration of 9.04 years. The prevalence of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD with MD was 33.11%, 3.93%, and 1.00%, respectively. Relative to the “no SLD” group, multivariable analysis identified that MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.31), MetALD (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44), and ALD with MD group (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.93) have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MASLD, MetALD, ALD with MD groups showed higher liver-, cancer- and HCC-related mortality than “no SLD” group. While all-cause specific mortalities increase from MASLD to MetALD to ALD with MD, the MetALD group shows a lower risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. However, ALD with MD group still have a higher risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. Conclusion SLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, liver-, cancer-, HCC-, and CV-related mortalities.

Background: Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities. Methods: We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Moreover, SLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥30. Furthermore, MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with metabolic dysfunction (MD) were categorized based on alcohol consumption and MD. We also analyzed all-cause, liver-, cancer-, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)- and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortalities. Results: This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,298,993 individuals aged 40 to 79 years for a mean follow-up duration of 9.04 years. The prevalence of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD with MD was 33.11%, 3.93%, and 1.00%, respectively. Relative to the “no SLD” group, multivariable analysis identified that MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.31), MetALD (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44), and ALD with MD group (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.93) have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MASLD, MetALD, ALD with MD groups showed higher liver-, cancer- and HCC-related mortality than “no SLD” group. While all-cause specific mortalities increase from MASLD to MetALD to ALD with MD, the MetALD group shows a lower risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. However, ALD with MD group still have a higher risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. Conclusion SLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, liver-, cancer-, HCC-, and CV-related mortalities.

Background: Given the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic risks, a new term, metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been proposed. We aimed to explore the association between MASLD and all-cause, cause-specific mortalities. Methods: We included individuals with steatotic liver disease (SLD) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Moreover, SLD was defined as a fatty liver index ≥30. Furthermore, MASLD, metabolic alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with metabolic dysfunction (MD) were categorized based on alcohol consumption and MD. We also analyzed all-cause, liver-, cancer-, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)- and cardiovascular (CV)-related mortalities. Results: This retrospective nationwide cohort study included 1,298,993 individuals aged 40 to 79 years for a mean follow-up duration of 9.04 years. The prevalence of MASLD, MetALD, and ALD with MD was 33.11%, 3.93%, and 1.00%, respectively. Relative to the “no SLD” group, multivariable analysis identified that MASLD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.31), MetALD (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44), and ALD with MD group (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.68 to 1.93) have a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MASLD, MetALD, ALD with MD groups showed higher liver-, cancer- and HCC-related mortality than “no SLD” group. While all-cause specific mortalities increase from MASLD to MetALD to ALD with MD, the MetALD group shows a lower risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. However, ALD with MD group still have a higher risk of CV-related mortality compared to MASLD. Conclusion SLD is associated with an increased risk of all-cause, liver-, cancer-, HCC-, and CV-related mortalities.

Background: Nickel is a leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with nickel allergy may suffer from persistent dermatitis not only through contact with nickel-plated items but also through ingestion of nickel-containing food. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current nickel content in Korean food products and provide more up-to-date Korean nickel-restricted diets that would increase patient compliance. Methods: The most frequently consumed food items were selected with replicates. Food samples were prepared according to the practices of normal consumers. The solid specimens were finely ground, and the liquid specimens were homogenized using a sterilized mixer. Tea bags were brewed in 100 mL of distilled water at 100 °C for 5 minutes. Solid (0.5 g) and liquid (2 g) specimens were subjected to microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results: In total, 147 samples were collected from different food categories, including plant-based products, animal-based products, packaged foods, and drinks. Cocoa powder had the highest concentration of nickel (1.56 mg/kg), which is consistent with the results of previous studies. Soy products such as fermented soybean paste (Doenjang) (1.16 mg/kg), fermented soybean with red chili paste (Ssamjang) (0.67 mg/kg), and tofu (0.37 mg/kg) had elevated concentration of nickel. Moreover, nut-derived products such as chocolate (1.10 mg/kg), ground coffee (0.86 mg/kg), almond (0.84 mg/kg), and peanuts (0.64 mg/kg) contained elevated nickel concentration. Conclusion The nickel content in food constantly changes depending on the food processing procedures and place of origin. Therefore, revising the nickel-restricted diet is necessary to enhance patients’ understanding of it and help reduce dietary nickel intake.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucosa. Of the various types, the hypertrophic type is characterized by thickened, purplish hyperkeratotic plaques and nodules. The course of hypertrophic LP tends to be more chronic than those of other types. A 12-year-old girl presented with a 2-year history of warty papules and plaques in a zosteriform configuration along one flank. Histopathology revealed hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis with wedge-shaped hypergranulosis. A lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate with vacuolar change in the basal layer was evident. She was prescribed oral doxycycline, a topical corticosteroid, and tacrolimus. After 7 weeks, the skin lesions became significantly flattened and faded. LP is less common but more severe in children than in adults. The unilateral, linear hypertrophic type of LP is uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of linear hypertrophic LP in a child.

A 44-year-old male presented with 7 months history of nonpruritic round oozing plaques on the extremities and red papules on the trunk. The lesions were resistant to topical and oral steroid prescribed at the other local clinics. Histopathological examination showed parakeratosis with acanthosis and rete ridge elongation as well as spongiotic intraepidermal blisters and dense dermal infiltration of small to medium sized atypical lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the lymphocyte infiltrate to be predominantly CD4 + T cells, with CD4/CD8 ratio to be greater than 10:1. Infiltration of large cells that were CD30 + were also noted. This histopathologic findings are consistent with vesicular mycosis fungoides (MF). He was prescribed with narrow-band ultraviolet B twice per week and topical steroid, combined with interferon-α injection for 5 weeks, and his skin lesions significantly faded and were flattened. Vesicular MF is associated with poor prognosis, but our patient was able to show benign course of disease thanks to timely diagnosis. One must consider vesicular MF as a differential for recalcitrant eczematous lesions.

no abstract available

BACKGROUND: The Worker Role Interview (WRI) is an assessment tool that looks at factors impacting return to work capabilities and the client’s capacity to return to work. The WRI is developed and originally written by Braveman et al. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to provide a Filipino translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the WRI, as well as establish its face, content, and convergent validity and inter-rater, testretest, and internal consistency reliability. METHODS: Expert panels were utilized in the two phases of the study. Phase 1 involves forward translation, synthesis of the translations, backward translation, expert panel review, and pilot testing involving 31 participants. Phase 2 involves retranslation, expert panel review, and administration of the Filipino WRI to 85 participants. RESULTS: Certain items were subjected for retranslation to adequately represent the domain of content addressed by the tool to ensure cultural equivalence. The tool has good inter-rater (ICC = 0.75-0.90), test-retest (rs(85) = 0.72-0.91, p<0.001), and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.96) reliability. Convergent validity with the Worker Role Self-Assessment yielded a weak correlation (rs(85)=0.42 - -0.04, p<0.001) due to possible differences in language used and manner of administration. CONCLUSION At this level, the WRI has good validity and reliability properties which can assess the ability of Filipino early adults with disability to return to work.

Background: Nickel is one of the leading causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Positive patch tests for nickel suggest the possibility of persistent dermatitis from nickel-plated item usage and nickel-containing food ingestion. Previous studies have suggested the clinical improvement of dermatitis in such patients after a nickel-restricted diet. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy of nickel-restricted diets in nickel-sensitized patients and evaluate their adherence to nickel-restricted diets. Methods: A review of the records of nickel-sensitized patients from June 1, 2018 to April 30, 2020 with positive patch tests for nickel was conducted. Patients were interviewed in May 2020 to assess the current status of dermatitis and self-reported adherence. Results: A total of 245 patients were identified, and 100 patients were contacted. The degree of nickel sensitivity between patients with localized skin lesions (n=44) and generalized skin lesions (n=56) did not show difference. Twenty-four of 29 patients (82.8%) with good compliance showed improvement, while only 32 of 71 patients (45.1%) with poor compliance showed improvement. The percentage of improved patients in the group with good compliance and that in the group with poor compliance showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.00086). Of the patients with good compliance, those with localized skin lesions showed statistically significant improvement (p=0.0074). Conclusion To improve patient compliance, revised, simplified, and interventional guidelines for nickel-restricted diet should be implemented along with dermatologists’ encouragement and reassurance of a diet modification.