Objective To investigate the characteristic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in exhaled breath and their diagnostic value in mice with early stage radiation injury.Methods The thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC/MS)technique was used to analyze VOCs in exhaled breath of irradiated mice by 60Coγ-ray with 800 cGy.The characteristic VOCs in the early stage of radiation injury were identified,and a diagnostic model was established.Results The 30-day survival rate of mice was 4.2%.There were significant differences in characteristic VOCs at 7 hours after radiation injury,and thirty characteristic VOCs related to early-stage radiation injury were identified.The diagnostic value of differential metabolites in mice after irradiation was evaluated via the ROC curve,and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of a single compound exceeded 0.8.The diagnostic model was constructed by screening 9 potential biomarkers of exhalation through Fisher discriminant analysis,and its sensitivity and specificity were close to 100%.Conclusion Analysis of VOCs in exhaled breath is expected to provide a non-invasive diagnostic method for early screening and diagnosis of radiation injury.

Objective Screening for sensitive biomarkers for predicting and analyzing drug-induced renal toxicity,accelerates drug early development.Methods Focuses on epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules in human renal cortex(human kidney-2,HK-2)cells as the research object,screening for highly sensitive biomarkers using three nephrotoxic drugs(cisplatin,gentamicin,and aristolochic acid Ⅰ).Results The sensitivity of biomarkers in intracellular fluid is higher than in extracellular fluid,compared to detecting a single biomarker in the intracellular fluid.The combined detection of β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)improved the accuracy of renal toxicity evaluation.Conclusion Based on the HK-2 cell model,the combined detection of β2-MG and NGAL in intracellular fluid can be used to predict renal toxicity in the drug's early development stage.

Objective To prepare 4-sulfonylcalix[6]arene-modified cotton fibers for adsorption and removal of uranium based on the specific complexation of calix[6]arene with uranium (VI). Methods Chemical grafting was used for the modification of cotton, which reacted with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide, glycidyl methacrylate, and 4-sulfonylcalix[6]arene. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structure of 4-sulfonylcalix[6]arene-modified cotton (Cotton S-C[6]a). A Franz diffusion cell was used to simulate uranium-contaminated skin. Laser fluorimetry was used to determine the uranium content. Results SEM, XPS, and FTIR showed that cotton fibers were successfully grafted with 4-sulfonylcalix[6]arene. The optimal conditions of Cotton S-C[6]a for the adsorption of uranium (VI) was pH 4.0, duration of 20 min, and 20 mg of adsorbent. The adsorption process fitted well with pseudo-secondary-order kinetics. The uranium removal efficiency of Cotton S-C[6]a was up to 78.46% in aqueous solution and 81.72% on skin. Conclusion The synthesized Cotton S-C[6]a is highly efficient in the removal of uranium (VI) in solution and on contaminated skin.

We evaluated clinical application effect of gene chip for detection of rifampin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).Rifampin and isoniazid drug-resistance gene loci were detected by gene chip with sputum specimens from smear-positive tuberculosis patients and clinical strains,comparing the results of detection.BACTEC MGIT 960 drug susceptibility test results were used as control to evaluate the detection performance of gene chip.The sequences of the polymerase chain reaction products of the rpoB,katG and inhA genes from 999 strains identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined to confirm the mutations by DNA sequencing.Results showed that 100 cases were identified as nontuberculous mycobacteria by gene chip in the 1 108 cases of smear-positive samples.Among the rest 1 008 samples,there were only 9 cases of microarray results different from BACTEC MGIT960 culture-positive strains,achieving the coincidences of 99.1％.Compared with BACTEC MGIT 960 drug susceptibility test results,the gene chip method displayed a concordance of 98.1 ％ and 94.5 ％ for RFP and INH respectively in the 999 strains.Compared with the DNA sequencing method,the accuracy of gene chip method was 99.6％ for rifampin resistance and 99.8％ for isoniazid resistance.It's concluded that the gene chip technology can quickly and accurately detect rifampin and isoniazid resistance in MTB and can be used directly for the detection of sputum samples.

The content of endogenous anabolic steroids is extremely low in biological matrices.Its chemical structure contains polar functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, which limits their applicability in GC-MS.The lack of ionized groups in the chemical structure leads to poor sensitivity in LC-MS, which plays a significant role in various physiological activities analysis.It is an effective way to enhance the response of mass spectrometer by modifying the chemical structure of endogenous anabolic steroids through derivatization technology.This review summarizes various derivatization reagents and corresponding derivatization processes of endogenous anabolic steroids analysis in the methods based on different testing instruments and methodologies.The advantage and disadvantage of all kinds of derivatiaztion methods and the prospect of the endogenous anabolic steroids derivatiaztion techniques are also discussed.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of the content of radiosensitizer YABQ and its related substances.Methods Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1%formic acid (22∶78) and isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 266 nm,the temperature of the column was 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl.Results The linear range of YABQ was 7-84 μg/ml, r=0.9992.The detection limit was 8 ng (S/N≥3), and the quantitation limit was 24 ng (S/N≥10). According to destructive sample processing, the separation coefficient between the peaks was above 1.5, indicating that this chromatographic method could meet the YABQ monitoring requirements.Conclusion Method validation and destructive testing show that both the precision and specificity are fine with this method, which could be used for quality control of YABQ and its related substances.

Objective To establish an high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of 2-indole ketone derivative and its related substances. Methods Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column was adopted.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL?min-1; the column temperature was 35 ℃;the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection wavelength was set at 257 nm. Results 2-indole ketone derivative ID and related substances could be well separated. The 2-indole ketone derivative had good linear correlation ( r=0.999 4) within the range of 40-300 μg?mL-1 . It had a good precision ( RSD<1%) . The limit of detection was 8 ng. Conclusion The method is accurate,simple,sensitive and selective,which can be used for the quality control of 2-indole ketone derivative and related substances.

Objective To establish a headspace gas chromatography method for determination of nine residual solvents in grape seed extract. Methods The residual solvents in grape seed extract were separated on DB-WAX column (30 m× 0.45 mm, 0.85 μm) with an FID detector; the injector temperature and the detector temperature was set at 220 ℃ and 250 ℃ , respectively; the chapiter pressure was 27.58 kPa; the containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium for 30 min at 80 ℃ ;the N, N-dimethylformamide was used as the solvent. Results The detected solvents were well separated. Good linear relationship of the benzene and ethanol was obtained within the range of 0.04-0.3,100-750 μg?mL-1 , respectively. Good linear relationships of the hexane, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, toluene and 1,2-diethyl benzene solvents were obtained within the range of 0.4-3.0 μg?mL-1 (r≥0.995 8), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of the nine solvents were 96.35%,97.08%,97.31%,89.93%,92.35%,90.65%,88.56%,93.84%,86.51% and the RSDs were 4.38%,2.16%,3.49%, 4.19%,4.80%,4. 83%,4. 70%,5. 00%,4. 39%, respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and accurate, which can be used for the determination of residual solvents in grape seed extract and can simultaneously provide scientific basic for quality control.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of 3-amide-indole derivative and its related substances. Methods Diamonsil C18(250 mmí4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was adopted. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-water(431245) at the flow rate of 1. 0 mL·min-1 . The wavelength for ultraviolet detection was 224 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL and the column temperature was room temperature. Results 3-amide-indole derivative and related substances could be well separated. The linearity of the 3-amide-indole derivative curve was well correlated (r=0. 999 7) within the range of 0. 04-0. 16 mg·mL-1. The RSD was 0. 52%with good repeatability. The detection limit was 2. 65 ng. Conclusion The method is accurate,reliable,sensitive and specific,which could be used for the determination of 3-amide-indolederivative and related substances.

The culture of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is extremely important for studies on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Optimization of cellculture technology is crucial for clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells and even celltherapy. Meanwhile, the labeling and tracer technique of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is a hotspot in stem celltransplantation. OBJECTIVE:To review the research and development of the cellmarkers and tracer methods of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:A computer-based search of VIP, CNKI, Medline, Highwire and Foreign Journals Integration System databases was performed for articles concerning culture and labeling of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells published from January 2001 to October 2013. The keywords were“stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymalstem cells, cellculture, labeling methods”in Chinese and English, respectively. Final y, 35 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have not yet been widely used, mainly because of the immature isolation, culture and staining techniques of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These techniques are worthy of further optimization studies. Although in recent years, cellmarkers and tracer technology of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell s have made great progress, there are stil many problems need to be solved.