Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases in Dandong from 2015 to 2019, discuss the characteristics and rules of occupational diseases, and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention measures. Methods The occupational disease report data of Dandong from 2015 to 2019 were collected and analyzed by using Excel and SPSS statistical software. Results From 2015 to 2019, a total of 112 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Dandong, including 108 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis, accounting for 96.43%. Four patients with other occupational diseases, accounting for 3.57% . Among the newly reported cases of occupational diseases, 111 cases were male, accounting for 99.10%, and one case was female, accounting for 0.89%. There were statistically significant differences in the reported conditions of different types of occupational diseases according to gender (P < 0.05). The age of onset of occupational diseases mainly concentrated in 40-69 years old, and there was no statistical significance in the age of onset of different types of occupational diseases (P > 0.05). The length of contact at the onset of the disease was mainly concentrated in 11-20 years, and there was no statistical significance in the comparison of the length of contact at the onset of different types of occupational diseases (P > 0.05). In terms of industry distribution, the mining industry reported the most cases (87 cases, accounting for 77.68%). The private enterprises were more concentrated, accounting for 68 cases, 60.71%. Small and medium-sized enterprises reported the most new cases of occupational diseases, with 107 cases, accounting for 95.54%. There was statistical significance in the new cases of occupational diseases with different industry distribution (P < 0.05). The analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in different types of work with the different distribution of length of exposure (P > 0.05). Conclusions Occupational pneumoconiosis accounted for the majority of new cases of occupational diseases in Dandong city from 2015 to 2019, indicating that occupational pneumoconiosis is still the focus of occupational disease prevention and control in Dandong City. In the future occupational disease prevention work, we should actively standardize the implementation of the ^“Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases^”, do a good job in the supervision and management of key groups and positions, and effectively protect the health of workers.