Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; prevention & control ; Male ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Patient Safety ; statistics & numerical data ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; Safety Management ; Singapore ; Wounds and Injuries ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To explore the high-risk fault risk of CT simulator and the main causes of the risk, and to put forward effective risk management strategies. METHODS: The failure mode and effect analysis method was used to identify and control the operational fault risk of CT simulator. RESULTS: 5 major fault components, 8 fault failure models and 17 failure causes were analyzed. The top 5 failure causes are:anode target surface burn caused by direct scanning without warming up the tube (590.4), tube failure (518.2), burnout of joints caused by aging of high voltage cables (424.2), motor carbon brush wear (304.8) and belt break (296.4). CONCLUSIONS The failure mode and effect analysis method can effectively identify the risk of equipment failure, and thus specifically formulate risk management and control measures to ensure the normal operation of equipment and the safety of doctors and patients.
Equipment Failure ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Risk Management ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; standards

This study compared the predictive models for the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in ham rice balls. In addition, a semi-quantitative risk assessment of S. aureus on ham rice balls was conducted using FDA-iRISK 4.0. The rice was rounded with chopped ham, which was mixed with mayonnaise (SHM), soy sauce (SHS), or gochujang (SHG), and was contaminated artificially with approximately 2.5 log CFU·g⁻¹ of S. aureus. The inoculated rice balls were then stored at 7℃, 15℃, and 25℃, and the number of viable S. aureus was counted. The lag phases duration (LPD) and maximum specific growth rate (SGR) were calculated using a Baranyi model as a primary model. The growth parameters were analyzed using the polynomial equation as a function of temperature. The LPD values of S. aureus decreased with increasing temperature in SHS and SHG. On the other hand, those in SHM did not show any trend with increasing temperature. The SGR positively correlated with temperature. Equations for LPD and SGR were developed and validated using R² values, which ranged from 0.9929 to 0.9999. In addition, the total DALYs (disability adjusted life years) per year in the ham rice balls with soy sauce and gochujang was greater than mayonnaise. These results could be used to calculate the expected number of illnesses, and set the hazard management method taking the DALY value for public health into account.
Hand ; Kinetics ; Methods ; Public Health ; Risk Assessment ; Safety Management ; Soy Foods ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus

OBJECTIVES: Information technology involves a risk of privacy violation in providing easy access to confidential information,such as personal information and medical information through the Internet. In this study, we investigated medical information security to gain a better understanding of trends in research related to medical information security. METHODS: We researched papers published on ‘의료정보’ and ‘medical information’ in various Korean journals during a 10-year period from 2005 to 2015. We also analyzed these journal papers for each fiscal year; these papers were categorized into the areas of literature research and empirical research, and were further subdivided according to themes and subjects. RESULTS: It was confirmed that 48 papers were submitted to 35 academic journals. There were 33 (68.8%) literature review articles, and analysis of secondary data was not carried out at all. In terms of empirical research, 8 (16.7%) surveys and 7 (14.6%) program developments were studied. As a result of analyzing these papers according to the research theme by research method, 17 (35.4%) papers on laws, systems, and policies were the most numerous. It was found that among the literature research papers on medical personnel were the most common, and among the empirical research papers, research on experts in information protection and medical personnel were the most common. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that further research should be done in terms of social perception, human resource development, and technology development to improve risk management in medical information systems.
Computer Security ; Electronic Health Records ; Empirical Research ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Industrial Development ; Information Systems ; Internet ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Medical Informatics ; Methods ; Privacy ; Risk Management ; Social Perception

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk management [Psychosocial Risk Management Approach (PRIMA)] has, through the years, been applied in several organizations in various industries and countries globally. PRIMA principles have also been translated into international frameworks, such as PRIMA-EF (European framework) and the World Health Organization Healthy Workplace Framework. Over the past 10 years, an oil and gas company has put efforts into adopting and implementing international frameworks and standards for psychosocial risk management. More specifically, the company uses a PRIMA. METHODS: This study explores available quantitative and qualitative risk data collected through the PRIMA method over the past 8 years in order to explore specific and common psychosocial risks in the petroleum industry. RESULTS: The analyses showed a significant correlation between job resources and symptoms of workrelated stress, there was a significant correlation between job demands and symptoms of work-related stress, and there were differences in psychosocial risk factors and symptoms of work-related stress onshore and offshore. The study also offers recommendations on how the results can further be utilized in building a robust system for managing psychosocial risks in the industry. CONCLUSION: The results from the analyses have provided meaningful and important information about the company-specific psychosocial risk factors and their impact on health and well-being.
Methods ; Oil and Gas Industry* ; Risk Assessment* ; Risk Factors ; Risk Management ; World Health Organization

Analysis errors can occur in the desorbing process of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDMI) by a conventional analysis method, due to several factors, such as easily crystallized samples, solvent volatility, time-consuming sample pre-processing, fixed method, and offline analysis. Based on risk management, near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy techniques were introduced to solve the above problems with the advantage of timely analysis and non-destructive nature towards samples. The objective of the present study was to identify the feasibility of using NIR or MIR spectroscopy techniques to increase the analysis accuracy of samples from the desorbing process of GDMI. Quantitative models of NIR and MIR were established based on partial least square method and the performances were calculated. Compared to NIR model, MIR model showed greater accuracy and applicability for the analysis of the GDMI desorbing solutions. The relative errors of the concentrations of Ginkgolide A (GA) and Ginkgolide B (GB) were 2.40% and 2.89%, respectively, which were less than 5.00%. The research demonstrated the potential of the MIR spectroscopy technique for the rapid and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the concentrations of GA and GB.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drug Compounding ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Ginkgolides ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Injections ; Lactones ; analysis ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Meglumine ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Management ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; standards

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular rate (RVR) is a common diagnosis in the Emergency Department (ED) requiring evaluation and treatment. We present the characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting with primary or secondary AF in a tertiary hospital ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients ≥21 years old, with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AF with RVR in the ED over a 1-year period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. Primary AF is defined as AF with no precipitating cause and secondary AF as AF secondary to a precipitating cause. RESULTS: A total of 464 patients presented to the ED from 1 January to 31 December 2016 with primary and secondary diagnosis of AF with RVR; 44.8% had primary diagnosis of AF whereas 55.2% had secondary AF. Overall admission rate from ED was high at 91.8% (primary 84.6% vs secondary 97.7%). Patients with primary AF were younger (68 vs 74 years, <0.001), had lower rates of cardiovascular risk factors, and shorter length of stay (median 4 vs 5 days). Within 30 days of discharge, they had lower ED reattendance (16.3% vs 25.8%, <0.001) and lower readmission (16.3% vs 25.8%, <0.001). There was no mortality in the primary AF group (0% vs 9.8%, <0.001). CONCLUSION Currently, majority of patients with AF with RVR are admitted from the ED. Other study suggests patients with uncomplicated primary AF have lower adverse outcomes and some could potentially be treated as outpatients.
Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Care Management ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Patient Readmission ; statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Tertiary Care Centers ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVES: Severe mental illness is a major risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to identify characteristics of patients who died by suicide among subjects who had been received service from a community mental health center. METHODS: We searched individuals who had committed suicide in Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center since 2006. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered from medical records and their case managers and they were compared with those of general members in the center. Characteristics of schizophrenia patients who died by suicide were particularly summarized. RESULTS: Twelve person committed suicide between 2006 and 2016. The characteristics of those who died by suicide were male (67%), diagnosis of schizophrenia (75%), aged below 50 (83%), unemployed (92%), past history of psychiatric hospitalization (100%), recent admission within 3 months (67%), past history of suicidal attempt (78%), family history of schizophrenia (58%), poor adherence to medication (58%), and use of daily rehabilitation program (42%). Ten out of twelve (83%) showed warning sign for suicide. All identified method of suicide in patients with schizophrenia was jumping from high building. Many patients with schizophrenia, who committed suicide, suffered from comorbid depressive symptoms (67%) and auditory hallucination (78%). CONCLUSION: Case managers should pay attention to and carefully manage individuals who showed suicidal warning, particularly with risk factors for suicide, such as unemployment, admission state or recent discharge from psychiatric hospital, poor adherence to medication, family history of schizophrenia, and a history of suicidal attempt.
Case Management ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Gwangju ; Hallucinations ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mental Health* ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Suicide* ; Unemployment

OBJECTIVES: Severe mental illness is a major risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to identify characteristics of patients who died by suicide among subjects who had been received service from a community mental health center. METHODS: We searched individuals who had committed suicide in Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center since 2006. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered from medical records and their case managers and they were compared with those of general members in the center. Characteristics of schizophrenia patients who died by suicide were particularly summarized. RESULTS: Twelve person committed suicide between 2006 and 2016. The characteristics of those who died by suicide were male (67%), diagnosis of schizophrenia (75%), aged below 50 (83%), unemployed (92%), past history of psychiatric hospitalization (100%), recent admission within 3 months (67%), past history of suicidal attempt (78%), family history of schizophrenia (58%), poor adherence to medication (58%), and use of daily rehabilitation program (42%). Ten out of twelve (83%) showed warning sign for suicide. All identified method of suicide in patients with schizophrenia was jumping from high building. Many patients with schizophrenia, who committed suicide, suffered from comorbid depressive symptoms (67%) and auditory hallucination (78%). CONCLUSION: Case managers should pay attention to and carefully manage individuals who showed suicidal warning, particularly with risk factors for suicide, such as unemployment, admission state or recent discharge from psychiatric hospital, poor adherence to medication, family history of schizophrenia, and a history of suicidal attempt.
Case Management ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Gwangju ; Hallucinations ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mental Health* ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Suicide* ; Unemployment

Bariatric and metabolic surgery has become the clinical hot topic of the treatment of metabolic syndromes including obesity and diabetes mellitus, but how to choose the appropriate surgical procedure remains the difficult problem in clinical practice. Clinical guidelines of American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery(ASMBS)(version 2013) introduced the procedures of bariatric and metabolic surgery mainly including biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch(BPD-DS), laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG). To choose the appropriate bariatric and metabolic procedure, the surgeons should firstly understand the indications and the contraindications of each procedure. Procedure choice should also consider personal condition (body mass index, comorbidities and severity of diabetes), family and socioeconomic status (postoperative follow-up attendance, understanding of potential surgical risk of gastrectomy and patient's will), family and disease history (patients with high risk of gastric cancer should avoid LRYGB; patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease should avoid LSG) and associated personal factors of surgeons. With the practice of bariatric and metabolic surgery, the defects, especially long-term complications, of different procedures were found. For example, LRYGB resulted in higher incidence of postoperative anemia and marginal ulcer, high risk of gastric cancer as well as the requirement of vitamin supplementation and regular follow-up. Though LSG has lower surgical risk, its efficacy of diabetes mellitus remission and long-term weight loss are inferior to the LRYGB. These results pose challenges to the surgeons to balance the benefits and risks of the bariatric procedures. A lot of factors can affect the choice of bariatric and metabolic procedure. Surgeons should choose the procedure according to patient's condition with the consideration of the choice of patients. The bariatric and metabolic surgery not only manages the diabetes mellitus and weight loss, but also results in the reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract and side effect. Postoperative surgical complications and nutritional deficiency should also be considered. Thereby, individualized bariatric procedure with the full consideration of each related factors is the ultimate objective of bariatric and metabolic surgery.
Anemia ; epidemiology ; Bariatric Surgery ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Biliopancreatic Diversion ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Contraindications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; surgery ; Disease Management ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Gastric Bypass ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastroplasty ; methods ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Long Term Adverse Effects ; epidemiology ; Malnutrition ; epidemiology ; Obesity ; surgery ; Patient Acuity ; Patient Care Planning ; Patient Compliance ; Postgastrectomy Syndromes ; epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss