Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is the most common type of pain experienced by amputees and is chronic and complex, with manifestations including pain in a limb that no longer exists. To date, treatments that are pharmaceutical or surgical in nature are relatively ineffective at bringing much relief as the pathophysiology of PLP is somewhat obscure. Chronic pain syndromes such as PLP may benefit from sympathetic nervous system modulation through the stellate ganglion.Case Ten refractory PLP patients treated with ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion pulsed radiofrequency ablation (SG PRF) after a diagnostic stellate ganglion block took effect: A case series Patients were assessed before and after the treatment at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Significant reductions in pain as measured using a numerical rating scale; Pain Disability Indexwas improved, and Medication Quantification Scale also was improved. Minimal side effects. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SG PRF has provided promising results for PLP by giving the patient with sustained pain relief and functional improvement without much side effects. Further studies need to be done to validate this finding.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is the most common type of pain experienced by amputees and is chronic and complex, with manifestations including pain in a limb that no longer exists. To date, treatments that are pharmaceutical or surgical in nature are relatively ineffective at bringing much relief as the pathophysiology of PLP is somewhat obscure. Chronic pain syndromes such as PLP may benefit from sympathetic nervous system modulation through the stellate ganglion.Case Ten refractory PLP patients treated with ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion pulsed radiofrequency ablation (SG PRF) after a diagnostic stellate ganglion block took effect: A case series Patients were assessed before and after the treatment at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Significant reductions in pain as measured using a numerical rating scale; Pain Disability Indexwas improved, and Medication Quantification Scale also was improved. Minimal side effects. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SG PRF has provided promising results for PLP by giving the patient with sustained pain relief and functional improvement without much side effects. Further studies need to be done to validate this finding.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is the most common type of pain experienced by amputees and is chronic and complex, with manifestations including pain in a limb that no longer exists. To date, treatments that are pharmaceutical or surgical in nature are relatively ineffective at bringing much relief as the pathophysiology of PLP is somewhat obscure. Chronic pain syndromes such as PLP may benefit from sympathetic nervous system modulation through the stellate ganglion.Case Ten refractory PLP patients treated with ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion pulsed radiofrequency ablation (SG PRF) after a diagnostic stellate ganglion block took effect: A case series Patients were assessed before and after the treatment at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Significant reductions in pain as measured using a numerical rating scale; Pain Disability Indexwas improved, and Medication Quantification Scale also was improved. Minimal side effects. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SG PRF has provided promising results for PLP by giving the patient with sustained pain relief and functional improvement without much side effects. Further studies need to be done to validate this finding.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is the most common type of pain experienced by amputees and is chronic and complex, with manifestations including pain in a limb that no longer exists. To date, treatments that are pharmaceutical or surgical in nature are relatively ineffective at bringing much relief as the pathophysiology of PLP is somewhat obscure. Chronic pain syndromes such as PLP may benefit from sympathetic nervous system modulation through the stellate ganglion.Case Ten refractory PLP patients treated with ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion pulsed radiofrequency ablation (SG PRF) after a diagnostic stellate ganglion block took effect: A case series Patients were assessed before and after the treatment at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Significant reductions in pain as measured using a numerical rating scale; Pain Disability Indexwas improved, and Medication Quantification Scale also was improved. Minimal side effects. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SG PRF has provided promising results for PLP by giving the patient with sustained pain relief and functional improvement without much side effects. Further studies need to be done to validate this finding.

Background: Phantom limb pain (PLP) is the most common type of pain experienced by amputees and is chronic and complex, with manifestations including pain in a limb that no longer exists. To date, treatments that are pharmaceutical or surgical in nature are relatively ineffective at bringing much relief as the pathophysiology of PLP is somewhat obscure. Chronic pain syndromes such as PLP may benefit from sympathetic nervous system modulation through the stellate ganglion.Case Ten refractory PLP patients treated with ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion pulsed radiofrequency ablation (SG PRF) after a diagnostic stellate ganglion block took effect: A case series Patients were assessed before and after the treatment at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Significant reductions in pain as measured using a numerical rating scale; Pain Disability Indexwas improved, and Medication Quantification Scale also was improved. Minimal side effects. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided SG PRF has provided promising results for PLP by giving the patient with sustained pain relief and functional improvement without much side effects. Further studies need to be done to validate this finding.

Objective: To compile epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in the Northern Indian Himalayan regions and Sub-Himalayan planes. Methods: The present study is a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive analysis based on hospital data conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Spine Unit of Trauma Centre in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India. People hospitalized at the tertiary care center between August 2018 and November 2021 are included in the study sample. A prestructured proforma was employed for the evaluation, including demographic and epidemiological characteristics. Results: TSCI was found in 167 out of 3,120 trauma patients. The mean age of people with TSCI was 33.5±13.3, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Eighty-three participants (49.7%) were from the plains, while the hilly region accounts for 50.3%. People from the plains had a 2.9:1 rural-to-urban ratio, whereas the hilly region had a 6:1 ratio. The overall most prevalent cause was Falls (59.3%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (35.9%). RTAs (57.2%) were the most common cause of TSCI in the plains’ urban regions, while Falls (58.1%) were more common in rural plains. In both urban (66.6%) and rural (65.3%) parts of the hilly region, falls were the most common cause. Conclusion TSCI is more common in young males, especially in rural hilly areas. Falls rather than RTAs are the major cause.

The South Asian population is rapidly ageing and sarcopenia is likely to become a huge burden in this region if proper action is not taken in time. Several sarcopenia guidelines are available, from the western world and from East Asia. However, these guidelines are not fully relevant for the South Asian healthcare ecosystem. South Asia is ethnically, culturally, and phenotypically unique. Additionally, the region is seeing an increase in non-communicable lifestyle disease and obesity. Both these conditions can lead to sarcopenia. However, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are either not dealt with in detail or are missing in other guidelines. Hence, we present a consensus on the screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, which addresses the gaps in the current guidelines. This South Asian consensus gives equal importance to muscle function, muscle strength, and muscle mass; provides cost-effective clinical and easy to implement solutions; highlights secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; lists commonly used biomarkers; reminds us that osteo-arthro-muscular triad should be seen as a single entity to address sarcopenia; stresses on prevention over treatment; and prioritizes nonpharmacological over pharmacological management. As literature is scarce from this region, the authors call for more South Asian research guided interventions.

Background: Modern human patient simulators (HPSs) could be used for researching critical scenarios such as apnea oxygenation. We aimed to study the use of a high-fidelity HPS to assess prolonged apnea using various oxygenation strategies with a simple high-flow nasal cannula (15 L/min). Methods: An experimental simulation study using an HPS (CAE Healthcare™) was conducted after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board. The HPS responded according to real-time physiologically modeled responses to external gases, such as oxygen (O2). Apnea experiments were performed with different physiological settings, such as shunt fraction (5%) and O2 consumption (250, 500, and 750 ml/min). The following four apnea experiments were conducted: no oxygenation (NO), apnea oxygenation alone (AO), preoxygenation alone (PO), and para-oxygenation (PAO). The time to 92%, 75%, and 50% saturation was recorded. Alveolar and arterial gas levels were recorded till 50% saturation. Results: At 250 ml/min, PO (1121 s) and PAO (1274.5 s) had a significantly longer time to 50% saturation (400% increase) compared to NO (222.5 s) and AO (239 s). A similar trend was observed for the time to 92% and 75% saturation. At higher O2 consumption rates, a shorter time to desaturation was observed. Conclusions Apnea trends in the HPS correlated with similar prior human experiments. AO without preoxygenation was found to provide no additional benefit. Preoxygenation with high-flow O2 via nasal cannula prolonged the time to desaturation in the PAO more than PO scenario. Therefore, HPSs can be used in future studies where patient safety is a concern.