Humans ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/history* ; Biomedical Research/history* ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Publishing/history*

Humans ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/history* ; Biomedical Research/history* ; Cardiology/history* ; Cardiovascular System ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Publishing/history*

The research on the history of stomatology in modern China began in the middle of 20th century. The history of stomatology is a branch of medical history and stomatology education research. Most of researches on it were general historical researches, but problems on its medical knowledge dissemination and system, development process and social relations, etc. had not been drawn wider attentions at the moment. In order to innovate the research methods of stomatology history, and to promote the study of stomatology history from the perspective of empirical and cultural mutual corroboration, this article classifies and summarizes the research status, characteristics and trends of the stomatology history in modern China.
China ; History, 20th Century ; Oral Medicine/history* ; Research Design

In order to improve the clinical efficacy of the umbilicus fumigation method, the ancient literature with the heat control of umbilicus fumigation method involved is collected extensively and analyzed systematically, and the heat control, precautions and contraindications of this method are discussed. In association with the cases and the present clinical experience, the main factors to the heat control are introduced, such as preparation of doughnuts, filling quantity, size of moxa cone and numbers of moxa cones so that the clinical application of the umbilicus fumigation method can be promoted and enhanced.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fumigation ; History, Ancient ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

The Singapore Medical Journal (SMJ) has in the past 55 years reflected the phenomenal socioeconomic progress of Singapore. Publications in the pre-independent years were mainly on diseases like cholera, diphtheria, leprosy, tetanus and worm infestation. In the new millennium, the research papers included molecular genetics, health economics, obesity, Internet medicine, cancer, cosmetic surgery and palliative medicine. The annual SMA Lecture published in the SMJ provides an ethical compass for doctors to remind them of primum non nocere.
History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Research ; trends ; Singapore ; Societies, Medical ; history

Biomedical Research ; history ; trends ; China ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic ; Portraits as Topic

The modernization strategy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been implemented for 20 years, which has provided a strong impetus to the development of TCM and gained remarkable achievements in scientific research platform, research result, industry scale, clinical evaluation, internationalization and professionals training as well. The achievements of TCM modernization greatly improved the clinical service ability and level of TCM, broadened the scope of service, become the important foundation of the big health industry. TCM has played an irreplaceable role in the health care reform, benefiting people's livelihood, promoting industrial structure adjustment and cultivating strategic emerging industries. This article summarized the main achievements of the modernization of TCM and prospected the direction and tasks in the next 20 years in order to further promote the modernization process of TCM.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; trends ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; standards ; trends ; Social Change ; history

To analyze and discuss placebo-related information in clinical research literatures in the past 30 years, including placebo's dosage form, ingredients, preparation process and quality control. Effort were made to research the CNKI. full-text database to preliminary find 700 placebo-related clinical research literature, screen out 301 eligible articles by hand, read the literatures to extract placebo-related information and make statistics and discussions. According to the results, Chinese randomized placebo-controlled clinical studies were characterized by diverse dosage forms of placebo with lack of reports for components, as evidenced by the only 17 literatures describing placebo's preparation or specific composition among the 301 literatures. Placebo-controlled clinical trials covered a wide range of disease spectra, but with a specific tropism of diseases in terms of system classification. Although placebo plays a key role in blinded clinical studies, researchers made less records of placebo, perhaps because they paid less attention to placebo or more attention to the research process or restricted by other objective conditions. Moreover, placebo production, quality control and quality evaluation also need to be further standardized.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Placebo Effect ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; history ; standards

As the sciences advanced rapidly in the modern European world, outstanding achievements have been made in medicine, chemistry, biology, physiology, physics and others, which have been co-influencing each of the scientific disciplines. Accordingly, such medical and scientific phenomena began to be reflected in novels. In particular, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein includes the diverse aspects of the change and development in the medicine and science. Associated with medical and scientific information reflected in Frankenstein and Frankenstein's experiments in the text, accordingly, this research will investigate the aspects of medical and scientific development taking place in the nineteenth century in three ways. First, the medical and scientific development of the nineteenth century has been reviewed by summerizing both the information of alchemy in which Frankenstein shows his interest and the new science in general that M. Waldman introduces in the text. Second, the actual features of medical and scientific development have been examined through some examples of the experimental methods that M. Waldman implicitly uttered to Frankenstein. Third, it has been checked how the medical and scientific development is related to the main issues of mechanism and vitalism which can be explained as principles of life. Even though this research deals with the developmental process of medicine & science and origin & principles of life implied in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, its significance is that it is the interdisciplinary research focussing on how deeply medical and scientific discourse of Mary Shelley's period has been imbedded in the nineteenth century novel.
Biomedical Research/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Literature, Modern/*history ; *Medicine in Literature

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify historical backdrop leading to the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing in Korea, and to explore trends of doctoral nursing education program. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive study adopting a historical approach. Documentation data were collected through web sites and mail survey. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 professors who were involved in the introduction of the doctorate degree of nursing. The outcomes of doctoral nursing education program were evaluated with a total of 1,153 dissertations' titles published from 1982 to 2007. RESULTS: First introduced in Korea in 1978, doctoral nursing education program had steadily increased totaling 21 doctoral program in 2007. This resulted in a rapid increase in the number of doctoral students, but the number of faculty and the quality were not as satisfactory as expected. Many doctoral program had the missions or goals that fostered nursing scholars, theorists, and researchers, a trend that seems set to continue. The majority of dissertations utilized the experimental design (39.9%), others were qualitative design (21.6%), and survey design (19.0%). CONCLUSION: Doctoral education that is the hallmark of nursing scholarship is further elaborated in terms of academic tradition of nursing school in Korea.
Education ; Education, Nursing* ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; History of Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Missions and Missionaries ; Nursing ; Postal Service ; Research Design ; Schools, Nursing ; Social Change