Objective: To investigate the dietary lead exposure level among children aged 3 to 4 years in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality, and assess the health risk caused by lead exposure, so as to provide the basis for the management of children's food safety. Methods: Based on the 2023 Dietary and Health Status Surveillance Project in Jiading District, children aged 3 to 4 years from 12 streets (townships) in Jiading District were selected as the subjects using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The consumption frequency and daily intake of seven subcategories of four major food groups (beans, tofu), cereals (wheat, rice), meat (animal viscera), and aquatic products (mantis shrimps, bivalves) consumed by children over the past three months were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Food samples were collected according to the food safety risk monitoring plan in Jiading District, and the lead content was detected. The health risks of dietary lead exposure among 3-4-year-old children were quantitatively assessed using the single-factor pollution index method, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, and the margin of safety (MOS) method. Results: A total of 143 3-4-year-old children were surveyed, including 69 boys (48.25%) and 74 girls (51.75%). A total of 317 food samples were tested, and lead was detected in all seven subcategories of food samples, with an overall detection rate of 77.29%. The detection rates of lead in bivalves and mantis shrimps of aquatic products were relatively high (98.75% and 100.00%, respectively). The mean lead content of various foods ranged from 0.003 4 to 0.090 7, with the highest level found in bivalves. The lead content of all food samples did not exceed the standard. The single-factor pollution index of seven subcategories ranged from 0.017 2 to 0.148 0, and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index ranged from 0.116 5 to 0.424 4, both of which were less than 0.7. The MOS (mean) ranged from 0.000 3 to 0.003 9, with an overall MOS (mean) of 0.012 2. The MOS (P95) ranged from 0.005 7 to 0.055 9, with an overall MOS (P95) of 0.112 4, both of which were less than 1. Conclusions The lead pollution level in the diet among children aged 3 to 4 years in Jiading District is safe and clean, with an acceptable impact on food safety. However, the detection rate of lead is relatively high, and the main source of dietary lead exposure is aquatic products.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45b(GADD45b)was initially discovered to be involved in processes such as cell cycle arrest,differentiation and apoptosis.It is an important signal regulatory molecule in cells,responsible for signal transduction under various physiological or environmental stimuli.The GADD45b gene belongs to the GADD45 gene family.This gene is commonly expressed in human and fetal tissues,but the expression is tissue-specific,with high expression in the liver and bone marrow.The GADD45b protein is a small,evolutionarily conserved acidic protein distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Research has shown that GADD45b is closely associated with signaling pathways such as p38/MAPK and TGFβ/Smad3,and it has functions including improving tissue fibrosis and inflammation progression,inhibiting cell autophagy,and enhancing neural function recovery.GADD45b plays a significant role in tumors,innate immunity,neurological diseases,and disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is increasing year by year in China and has become a serious public health issue in the country.Disorders in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism are major causes of NAFLD.Multiple studies have shown that GADD45b gene and protein exhibit abnormal expression in liver diseases with hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.Previous research has found that GADD45b can increase the stability of the FoxO1 protein in hepatocytes,and enhance the expression of PGC1a,thereby promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis.Additionally,GADD45b can inhibit fatty acid transport in hepatocytes by binding to FABP1 and reduce hepatic steatosis by interacting with HSP72 protein.Therefore,the roles of GADD45b in promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis,inhibiting fatty acid transport,and reducing steatosis may form the basis for research into treatments for hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and liver diseases.This paper reviews the characteristics and functions of the GADD45b protein,as well as recent advances in the study of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and liver diseases,aiming to provide reference for further GADD45b research.

Progressive functional deterioration in the cochlea is associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying cochlear aging remains largely unknown. Here, we established a dynamic single-cell transcriptomic landscape of mouse cochlear aging, in which we characterized aging-associated transcriptomic changes in 27 different cochlear cell types across five different time points. Overall, our analysis pinpoints loss of proteostasis and elevated apoptosis as the hallmark features of cochlear aging, highlights unexpected age-related transcriptional fluctuations in intermediate cells localized in the stria vascularis (SV) and demonstrates that upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperon protein HSP90AA1 mitigates ER stress-induced damages associated with aging. Our work suggests that targeting unfolded protein response pathways may help alleviate aging-related SV atrophy and hence delay the progression of ARHL.
Mice ; Animals ; Transcriptome ; Aging/metabolism* ; Cochlea ; Stria Vascularis ; Presbycusis

An analytical method was developed for the determination of five carbohydrate impurities in amino acid drug substances by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). Sugar impurities in the amino acid sample were separated and enriched by cation exchange resin. A Lichropher NH2 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for chromatographic separation, and a gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. The drift tube temperature was 40 oC, the gain value was 8, and nitrogen (350 kPa) was auxiliary gas. Method validation results showed that the limits of detection for fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose were in the range of 20.8-75.0 mg/kg and that the limits of quantitation were in the range of 96.2-238.8 mg/kg. Good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.999) were in the linear range for the five sugars, and the recoveries ranged from 84.9%-107.8%. With easy operation, high sensitivity, good precision and reliable accuracy, the method can be used for analysis of residual sugar impurities in amino acid drug bulk drug.

To explore the threshold effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women living in the fluorosis area, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas in Henan Province, China. After detection and analyses, we found that compared with the normal BMI group, the risk of osteoporosis in the overweight and obese groups were reduced by 32% and 69%, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI when BMI was 16.8-31.2 kg/m 2; while when BMI was greater than 31.2 kg/m 2, the correlation reached saturation. The correlation observed between low-to-moderate fluoride exposure and BMD in rural women was not significant.

To explore the threshold effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese women living in the fluorosis area, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas in Henan Province, China. After detection and analyses, we found that compared with the normal BMI group, the risk of osteoporosis in the overweight and obese groups were reduced by 32% and 69%, respectively. Threshold effect analysis showed that BMD was positively correlated with BMI when BMI was 16.8-31.2 kg/m 2; while when BMI was greater than 31.2 kg/m 2, the correlation reached saturation. The correlation observed between low-to-moderate fluoride exposure and BMD in rural women was not significant.

Carotid web is a rare risk factor of ischemic stroke.A total of 32 (0.54％) patients with carotid web were finally diagnosed in 5 943 patients who underwent carotid computerized tomography angiography (CTA) in two hospitals.Only one patient received carotid endarterectomy that pathological findings were fibrous tissue hyperplasia of vascular wall with mucinous degeneration.Stent implantation was administrated in two cases.Among 13 asymptomatic patients,the observational follow-up period was (20.9± 12.4) months without strokes.Carotid web is a rare aberration.Asymptomatic patients with carotid web are usually silent.Large sized cohort and long-term follow-up are further needed.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for flavonoids in leaves and seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides. METHODS:Using the total extraction rate of 6 flavonoid aglycones(catechins,rutin,myricetin,quercetin,kaempferol,isorham-netin)as index,ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction times,material-lipid ratio as investigation indexes,L9(34)or-thogonal test was designed to optimize the extraction technology of flavonoids in leaves and seeds of H. rhamnoides,and verifica-tion test was carried out. RESULTS:The optimum extraction technology for flavonoids in leaves of H. rhamnoides was ethanol vol-ume fraction of 70%,extracting for 3 times with material-lipid ratio of 1:16,and 2.0 h each time;and that of seeds was ethanol volume fraction of 50%,extracting for 3 times with material-lipid ratio of 1:24,and 1.5 h each time. In verification test,the total extraction rate of 6 flavonoid aglycones was 56.4 mg/g in the leaves (RSD=1.4%,n=3) and 15.4 mg/g in the seeds (RSD=3.4%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Optimized extraction technology is simple,stable,feasible,and can be used for extracting the fla-vonoids in leaves and seeds of H. rhamnoides.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of radical hepatectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 760 HCC patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2003 to June 2015 were collected.Surgical procedures were determined according to the location,number and size of tumors and anatomical relations among vessels.Observation indicators included:(1)intra-and post-operative situations:surgical procedures,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases of intraoperative blood transfusion,postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay and pathological examination;(2) follow-up:1-,3-,5-year overall and tumor-free survival situations;(3) prognostic factors analysis of HCC patients.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' survival up to January 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s.The survival curve and survival rate were respectively drawn and calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were done using the COX regression model.Results (1) Intra-and post-operative situations:all the 760 patients underwent successful operations,including 419 undergoing anatomical hepatectomy and 341 undergoing non-anatomical hepatectomy.R0 and R1 resections were respectively applied to 742 and 18 patients.Two patients were combined with portal vein resection and reconstruction and 1 was combined with resection and reconstruction of inferior vena cava.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and cases of intraoperative blood transfusion were (226± 115) minutes,(714±706) mL and 88,respectively.Fifty-five patients had postoperative complications,including 20 with abdominal effusion or abscess,16 with pleural effusion,9 with recurrent fever,8 with incisional infection,7 with intra-abdominal hemorrhage,6 with liver failure,3 with pyloric or intestinal obstruction and 2 with renal failure (some patients with multiple complications).Of the 55 patients with postoperative complications,7 with hemorrhage underwent reoperation or interventional therapy and other patients underwent conventional symptomatic treatment.Of 55 patients,5 patients died and other 50 patients were improved.Duration of postoperative hospital stay was (14±6) days.There were 457 patients with minimum margin of tumors ≤ 1.0 cm and 303 with minimum margin of tumors ＞ 1.0 cm.(2) Followup:all the 760 patients were followed up for 1-139 months,with a median time of 25 months.The overall and tumor-free median survival times were 59 months and 31 months,respectively.The 1-,3-,5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates were 81.7％,63.4％,47.9％ and 68.7％,44.9％,29.6％,respectively.(3) Prognostic factors analysis of HCC patients:results of univariate analysis showed that clinical symptoms,alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging,surgical procedures,intraoperative blood transfusion,minimum margin of tumors,number and diameter of tumors,tumor capsule,tumor differentiation,vascular cancer embolus,macrovascular invasion and tumor staging of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) were related factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy [HR =1.39,1.50,1.92,0.65,1.45,1.68,1.96,1.66,2.26,1.50,2.68,3.37,2.00,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.08-1.79,1.16-1.94,1.68-2.20,0.50-0.84,1.04-2.02,1.28-2.20,1.54-2.49,1.42-1.94,1.69-3.02,1.22-1.85,1.99-3.60,2.61-4.36,1.77-2.27,P＜0.05].Results of multivariate analysis showed that AFP,number and diameter of tumors,tumor differentiation and tumor staging of AJCC were independent factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy (HR=1.61,1.62,1.31,1.40,1.78,95％CI:1.14-2.26,1.22-2.14,1.06-1.63,1.10-1.79,1.27-2.51,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The anatomical and non-anatomical hepatectomies are safe and feasible for optional HCC patients,with a good long-term outcome.AFP,number and diameter of tumors,tumor differentiation and tumor staging of AJCC are independent factors affecting prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy.

To establish a rapid determination method of six flavonoids:catechin,rutin,myricetin,quercetin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin,from seabuckthorn leaves by RP-HPLC-DAD.The seabuckthorn leaves were first degreased by petroleum ether,extracted by ethanol,and determined by RP-HPLC-DAD.The six flavonoids were separated and eluted by a Shimadzu C18(150 mm ×2.1 mm,5 μm) column with methanol-water (0.1％ phos phoric acid) (60∶ 40) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength were as follow:catechin 208 nm,rutin 257 nm,myricetin 373 nm,quercetin 371 nm,kaempferol 367 nm,and isorhamnetin 371 nm,respectively.The injection volume was 20 μL.The contents of the six flavonoids were in the range of 0.47 to 30.00 μ,g/mL with good linearity.The validation of the method,including precision,stability and recovery rate,was acceptable.The established method can be used for fast determination of the content of six flavonoids in seabuckthorn leaves.