Objective:To explore the effect of Annexin A1(ANXA1)peptidomimetic Ac2-26 on acute kidney injury(AKI)and neutrophil apoptosis in septic rats.Methods:Experimental groups included control group,Ac2-26 group,AKI group,AKI+Ac2-26 group,with 15 rats in each group.After cecal ligation and perforation were used to establish a sepsis-induced AKI model,Ac2-26 was intravenously infused for treatment,once a day for 14 days;after the end,ELISA was used to detect levels of serum creatinine(Scr),urea nitrogen(BUN),IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α;HE staining and periodic acid Schiff(PAS)staining were used to observe the pathological changes of rat kidney tissues in each group;immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expression of ANXA1 in kidney tissue of each group of rats;neutrophils were isolated from rat peripheral blood,Giemsa staining and trypan blue staining were used to detect cell purity and viability;Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method and TUNEL staining were used to determine apop-tosis level of neutrophils in each group.Results:Compared with control group,levels of Scr and BUN in serum of rats in AKI group were increased(P<0.05),levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α also increased(P<0.05),renal tubules and glomeruli in kidney tissue were both significantly damaged,accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,and pathological score increased(P<0.05),while proportion of ANXA1 positive staining area was decreased(P<0.05);neutrophils identified by Giemsa staining and trypan blue staining had complete morphology and high activity;compared with control group,apoptosis rate of neutrophils in AKI group was decreased(P<0.05),and the positive rate of TUNEL was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with AKI group,levels of Scr and BUN in serum of rats in AKI+Ac2-26 group were decreased(P<0.05),levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased(P<0.05),pathological manifestations of renal tubules and glomeruli in renal tissue were significantly reduced,and pathological score was reduced(P<0.05),while the proportion of ANXA1 positive staining area was increased(P<0.05),at the same time,apoptosis rate of rat neu-trophils was increased(P<0.05),positive rate of TUNEL was also increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:ANXA1 peptidomimetic Ac2-26 can increase expression of ANXA1 in kidney tissue of AKI in septic rats,promote neutrophil apoptosis,and have a protective effect on kidney tissue damage in rats caused by sepsis.

OBJECTIVE To reveal the role of the basal forebrain(BF)GABAergic neurons in the regulation of isoflurane anesthesia and to elucidate the underlying neural pathways.METHODS The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was monitored during isoflurane anesthesia using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in Vgat-Cre mice of both sexes.The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was manipulated by chemogenetic and opto-genetic approaches.Sensitivity,induction time and emer-gence time of isoflurane anesthesia were estimated by righting reflex.The electroencephalogram(EEG)power and burst-suppression were monitored by EEG recording.The effects of activation of GABAergic BF-thalamic reticu-lar nucleus(TRN)pathway on isoflurane anesthesia were investigated with optogenetics.RESULTS The activity of BF GABAergic neurons was generally inhibited during isoflurane anesthesia,obviously decreased during the induction of anesthesia and gradually restored during the emergence from anesthesia.Activation of BF GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics and optogenetics promoted behavioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased sensitivity to isoflurane,delayed induction and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.Optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic neurons prom-oted cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased EEG delta power and burst suppression ratio during 0.8%and 1.4%isoflurane anesthesia,respectively.Similar to the effects of activating BF GABAergic cell bod-ies,photostimulation of BF GABAergic terminals in the TRN also strongly promoted cortical activation and behav-ioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.CONCLU-SION The GABAergic neurons in the BF is a key neural substrate for general anesthesia regulation that facilitates behavioral and cortical emergence from general anesthe-sia via the BF-TRN pathway.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite/zirconia (HA/ZrO2) scaffold by three-dimensional printing compounded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 calcium alginate microsphere slow-release system on repairing femoral shaft defects in dogs.Methods The HA/ZrO2 artificial prosthesis was prepared by three-dimensional printing,and the co-culture system of slow-release system of composite VEGF 165 calcium alginate microspheres was constructed.Sixteen beagle dogs were divided into four groups according to the extent of femoral shaft interception,with four dogs in each group.Group A:no biomaterials were implanted into the middle femur of dogs after 15 mm of femur interception as blank control group;Group B:HA/ZrO2 scaffolds composite with VEGF165 calcium alginate microspheres were implanted into the middle femur of dogs after 15 mm of femur interception;Group C:the same method as Group B was adopted after 25 mm of femur interception;Group D:the same method as Group B was adopted after 35 mm of femur interception.General examination and X-ray imaging observation were taken after operation.The ability of new HA/ZrO2 gradient biocomposites to repair bone defects was evaluated by micro CT scanning,biomechanical testing,ink staining and toluidine blue staining 12 weeks after operation.Results The drug loading capacity of calcium alginate microspheres reached (23.6 ± 2.9) ng/mg,and the entrapment efficiency reached (62.4 ± 3.6) ％,showing a slow rate of release.Gross examination showed surgical incision was healed in all four groups.Postoperative X-ray imaging of experimental animals showed that nonunion was formed in Group A over time;in Group B,the artificial prosthesis was gradually filled with new bone and the boundary was blurred;in Group C,the early reaction was slower than that in Group A,and the callus passed continuously 12 weeks after operation;in Group D,new bone formation was slow,only surrounding the broken end.At 12 weeks after operation,the neonatal bone mass was (238.6 ± 19.1)mm3 in Group B,(223.3 ± 13.4) mm3 in Group C,and (110.8 ± 6.5) mm3 in Group D.There were significant differences among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was found between Group B and Group C (P ＞ 0.05).The results limit compression test at 12 weeks after operation showed no significant differences among Groups B [(49.7 ± 2.3) MPa],C [(49.81 ± 2.4) MPa] and D [(46.9 ± 3.6) MPa](P ＞ 0.05).At 12 weeks after operation,the histological sections showed that the blood vessels in Groups B and C were thickened,with obvious branches,and the surrounding new bone increased.During the period,the blood vessels were filled with vascular network.There were no obvious differences in the number and shape of blood vessels between groups.However,Group B had more new bones and blood vessel networks.New bone and small vascular networks were seen in Group D.Conclusion The hydroxyapatite/zirconia scaffold by three-dimensional printing compounded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 calcium alginate microsphere slow-release system can repair dogs' femoral bone defect within 35 mm.

Objective:To identify the vision care access in rural primary health institutions and the utilization of vision inspections among rural residents. Methods:Survey data was collected from primary health institutions ( town-ship health centers and village clinics) and households. The descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were applied to analyze data. Results:The household survey data shows that 33. 2% of rural residents self-reported having poor vision, and 22. 1% of rural residents stated that they had ever used vision care (vision screening or vison examinations) . The health facilities survey data shows that 84% of township health centers and 44% of village clinics can provide vision care. The multivariate analysis shows that the vision care access in township health centers is sig-nificantly correlated with the probability of residents’ utilization of vision care, but there is no significant correlation between the provision of vision care in village clinics and its utilization. Conclusions:The vision care access is low in rural China though there is a huge demand therefore. Inadequate supply of primary vision care services in primary health institutions may result in low utilization among rural residents. It is suggested that the government further pro-mote the National Public Health Service Program and strengthen the capacity of primary health facilities to provide primary vision care. To do so, an increase in the utilization of vision care among rural residents can be expected, which would thereby reduce potential losses caused by further vision impairment.

Objective To understand the infection status and the main risk factors of soil-transmitted nematodes in children in the poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province,so as to provide the evidences for making suitable control strategies in these areas. Methods A total of 95 villages and 6 primary schools in 6 poor counties in the two provinces were select-ed as investigation sites according to the stratified random sampling method. Eleven preschool children aged 3-5 years in each sam-ple village and 11 school children aged 8-10 years in each sample school were chose as investigation objectives,their feces were collected and examined by Kato-Katz technique. In addition,the village doctor and cadres in each village were investigated by a standardized questionnaire to understand the deworming condition of children and the social economy and sanitary status in 2009. Then the correlation between average soil-transmitted nematode infection rate and its influencing factors was analyzed by the Tobit model. Results A total of 1 707 children from 95 villages in the two provinces were examined. In Guizhou Province,the total in-fection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes in children was 46.1%,and the infection rates of Ascaris lumbricoides,Hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura were 31.1%,4.1% and 10.8% respectively,and the corresponding rates in Sichuan Provinces were 9.8%, 3.6%,3.5%,2.7%,respectively. In the dimension of school,a total of 890 school-aged kids from 46 schools in the two provinces were examined,the infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes,Ascaris lumbricoides,Hookworm,and Trichuris trichiura in Guizhou Province were 53.8%,32.7%,6.6% and 14.4%,respectively,and the corresponding rates in Sichuan Province were 7.3%,2.2%,2.9% and 2.2%,respectively. The results from Tobit analysis indicated that the proportion of children accepted deworming treatment and the paddy field in the cultivated area were statistically correlated to the infections of soil-transmitted nematodes and Ascaris lumbricoides(all P < 0.05). Conclusions The soil-transmitted nematode infection rates of children are still at a high level in poor areas of southwest China. In order to decrease the infection rates,besides the long-term deworming, water supply and sanitary improvement,and the health education should be strengthened,and the treatment of soil-transmitted nematodes should be covered by the New Rural Cooperative Medical System.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MR susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the cerebral micro-bleedings(CMBs). Methods Conventional MR sequences including TSE , FLAIR and SWI sequences were per-formed in 50 patients as well as SWI sequence.The numbers of CMB and sensitivity of positive rare on SWI and conventional sequences were compared and statistically analyzed. Results SWI sequences clearly exhibited dot,stripe,round or ring-shaped low signal shadows. With diameter from 0.4 to 6.5 mm. Cerebral microbleeds mainly located in cortex, subcortex and basal ganglia in 50 patients. Compared to 23 cases with spin echo TSE, and 20 cases with FLAIR. Conclusion SWI has predomin flilt advantage over conventional MRI sequences in detecting CMBs. SWI provides an important reference for the treatment and evaluating prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To observe the effect of MG-132 on NF-κB signal path of cartilage and synovium in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis.Methods The rat models of knee osteoarthritis were established by performing anterior cruciate ligament amputation and partial medial meniscectomy.Totally 144 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:MG-132 group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected in to the knee joints of rat model 24 h after surgery; DMSO group,100 ml 0.1％ DMSO solution was injected 24 h after surgery; sham surgery group,merely the knee capsulotomy was performed and no solution was injected;control group,100 ml 0.007 g/L MG-132 solution was injected into the knee joints.The cartilage and synovium specimens were obtained at 2,4,12 weeks postoperatively.Pathomorphological observation was taken.The levels of NF-κB p65,I-κB,TNF-α and IL-1β at mRNA were detected by real-time PCR,and the activityof 20S proteasome was measured by fluorospectrophotometry.Resnlts The Mankin score of MG-132 groupwas lower than that of DMSO group.The Mankin scores of sham surgery and control groups were lower thanthose of MG-132 and DMSO groups with significant difference.The mRNA levels of NF-κB p65,IL-1 β,TNF-α of cartilage and synovium in MG-132 group were lower than those of DMSO group with significant differenceexcept for NF-κB p65 of synovium at 2 weeks and IL-1β of cartilage at 12 weeks.The mRNA levels of I-κB of cartilage at 2 weeks and I-κB of synovium at 4 weeks in MG-132 group were higher than those in DMSO group with statistical significance.Conclusion MG-132,the proteasome inhibitor,could postpone the progress of osteoarthritis through alleviating synovial inflammation and defending the articular cartilage.

Objective To investigate the role of ISS and new injury severity score (NISS) in evaluation of complications and treatment outcomes in the multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma.Methods AIS-2005 was used to carry out retrospective analysis of the 1 377 multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma (thoracic AIS≥3 points) treated at Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2005 to January 2011.In the meantime,the related NISS and ISS were calculated and their relations with mortality were analyzed.Results The overall healing,mortality and complication rate were 93.2％,6.8％ and 28.5％ respectively.Both the ISSN and ISS had positive correlation with morbidity of complications ( r =0.569,P ＜0.01 ;r =0.442,P ＜0.01 ) and mortality (r =0.693,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.774,P ＜ 0.01 ),but a stronger relevance was demonstrated between NISS and morbidity of complications and between ISS and mortality rate.NISS showed a higher sensitivity but less specificity than ISS in prediction of morbidity of complications (P ＜ 0.01 ),and NISS was not superior to ISS in prediction of mortality ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Both NISS and ISS work well in evaluating the complications and treatment outcomes in multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma.Thus,NISS should be applied for prediction of complication occurrence and ISS for treatment outcomes to maximize the prediction accuracy.

Ovbective To summarize the clinic data of pathological morphology,diagnosis,surgical treatment and associated anomalies of cor triatriatum from 37 patients enlisted in this study. Methods Thirty-seven patients,21 males and 16 females with a mean age of (9.8?8.6) years were studied. Clinical pathologic anatomy of cor triatriatum was type I in 2 cases,type IIa in 9,type IIb in 24,and type III in 2. Complete cor triatriatum in 31 cases and incomplete cor triatriatum in 6. Thirty-two cases (86%) accompanied with other cardiovascular anomalies. Diagnosis was made in 16(43%) cases preoperatively. All patients had excision of the fibromuscular membrane through the right atrial transseptal approach. Results The mortality rate in this group was 8.11% (3 of 37 cases). Thirty-four cases were followed up after surgery from 3 months to 15 years was satisfactory. Conclusion Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Treatment of associated deformities was a committed step in cor triatriatum surgical correction. Result of surgical treatment was satisfactory.