Aim To investigate the effect of miR-124a on oxidative stress injury and β-cell function of pancreas in type 2 diabetic mice. Methods The wild-type C57BL/6 mice and the C57BIV6 mice with low expression of miR-124a were randomly divided into two groups, namely wild-type control (WT Con), miR-124a

Objective: To investigate the effects of ticagrelor on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 1 073 patients, who were diagnosed as coronary heart disease and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) within 1 year after PCI, were enrolled from September 2017 to September 2019 in Peking University Third Hospital, including 309 patients in ticagrelor group and 764 patients in clopidogrel group. Clinical information, blood test results, echocardiographic parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness related parameters (including peak oxygen uptake (VO₂), anaerobic threshold VO₂, peak oxygen pulse (VO₂/HR) and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO₂) slope), coronary lesions and intervention information were obtained. Cardiopulmonary fitness related indexes were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between ticagrelor use and cardiopulmonary fitness related indexes was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Patients who underwent CPET within 1 month after PCI were included in the subgroup analysis. Results: In ticagrelor group, the age was (60.3±10.3) years, and 253(81.9%) cases were male. The age of clopidogrel group was (60.6±10.0) years, and there were 608(79.6%) males. No significant differences were observed in peak VO₂, anaerobic threshold VO₂, and peak VO₂/HR between the two groups (all P>0.05), but the VE/VCO₂ slope was significantly higher in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (30.075 (27.207, 33.603) vs. 28.853 (25.970, 32.336), P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the peak VO₂, anaerobic threshold VO₂ and peak VO₂/HR were not significantly correlated with the ticagrelor use (all P>0.05), while the VE/VCO₂ slope was independently correlated with ticagrelor use (OR=1.098, 95%CI 1.032-1.168, P=0.003). Subgroup analysis of patients who underwent CPET within 1 month after PCI also indicated that no significant difference were observed in peak VO₂, anaerobic threshold VO₂, peak VO₂/HR and VE/VCO₂ slope between the two groups (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the peak VO₂, anaerobic threshold VO₂ and peak VO₂/HR were not significantly correlated with ticagrelor use (all P>0.05), while the VE/VCO₂ slope was significantly correlated with ticagrelor use (OR=1.132, 95%CI 1.030-1.244, P=0.010). Conclusion Among coronary heart disease patients after PCI, treatment with clopidogrel does not result in significant decrease in exercise endurance as compared with patients treated with ticagrelor.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ticagrelor on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 1 073 patients, who were diagnosed as coronary heart disease and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) within 1 year after PCI, were enrolled from September 2017 to September 2019 in Peking University Third Hospital, including 309 patients in ticagrelor group and 764 patients in clopidogrel group. Clinical information, blood test results, echocardiographic parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness related parameters (including peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)), anaerobic threshold VO(2), peak oxygen pulse (VO(2)/HR) and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO(2)) slope), coronary lesions and intervention information were obtained. Cardiopulmonary fitness related indexes were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between ticagrelor use and cardiopulmonary fitness related indexes was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Patients who underwent CPET within 1 month after PCI were included in the subgroup analysis. Results: In ticagrelor group, the age was (60.3±10.3) years, and 253(81.9%) cases were male. The age of clopidogrel group was (60.6±10.0) years, and there were 608(79.6%) males. No significant differences were observed in peak VO(2), anaerobic threshold VO(2), and peak VO(2)/HR between the two groups (all P>0.05), but the VE/VCO(2) slope was significantly higher in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (30.075 (27.207, 33.603) vs. 28.853 (25.970, 32.336), P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the peak VO(2), anaerobic threshold VO(2) and peak VO(2)/HR were not significantly correlated with the ticagrelor use (all P>0.05), while the VE/VCO(2) slope was independently correlated with ticagrelor use (OR=1.098, 95%CI 1.032-1.168, P=0.003). Subgroup analysis of patients who underwent CPET within 1 month after PCI also indicated that no significant difference were observed in peak VO(2), anaerobic threshold VO(2), peak VO(2)/HR and VE/VCO(2) slope between the two groups (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the peak VO(2), anaerobic threshold VO(2) and peak VO(2)/HR were not significantly correlated with ticagrelor use (all P>0.05), while the VE/VCO(2) slope was significantly correlated with ticagrelor use (OR=1.132, 95%CI 1.030-1.244, P=0.010). Conclusion: Among coronary heart disease patients after PCI, treatment with clopidogrel does not result in significant decrease in exercise endurance as compared with patients treated with ticagrelor.
Aged ; Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen Consumption ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Ticagrelor

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cardiopulmonary fitness on arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in patients with different risks of ASCVD. METHODS: This study enrolled 544 non ASCVD patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Peking University Third Hospital from September 2016 to April 2018. ASCVD overall risk assessment was conducted according to "Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Adult Dyslipidemia". Peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), the classic indicator of cardiopulmonary fitness, was accurately determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in all the patients. All of the patients were followed up clinically. RESULTS: In the study, 506 patients completed the follow-up (250 lowrisk patients, 93 moderaterisk patients and 163 highrisk patients). The median follow-up period was 19 months (9-28 months), and 51 patients developed ASCVD events during the follow-up period, of whom, 33 cases developed myocardial infarction, unstable angina or coronary revascularization, and 18 cases ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack or carotid vascular revascularization. The patients were divided into the ASCVD group (n=51) and the non ASCVD group (n=455) based on the presence or absence of ASCVD events. VO₂peak [16.3 (3.6) mL/(kg·min) vs. 19.1 (3.2) mL/(kg·min), P<0.001] in the ASCVD group were significantly lower than that in the non ASCVD group. Logistic regression analysis found VO₂peak [OR 0.893 (95%CI: 0.831-0.959), P=0.002] and ASCVD risk stratification [OR 1.428 (95%CI:1.028-1.878), P=0.031] were both independently associated with the occurrence of ASCVD events, which meant that every 1 mL/(kg·min) of increase in VO₂peak, the risk of ASCVD events was reduced by 11%. The patients were divided into low, moderate, and high VO₂peak according to the tertiles of their VO₂peak [14.4 mL/(kg·min), and 23.0 mL/(kg·min)]. Logistic regression analyses were performed using ASCVD events as a dependent variable in the patients with highrisk and low/moderate-risk of ASCVD respectively. In the patients with highrisk of ASCVD, the results suggested that the incidence of ASCVD events was significantly decreased in the patients with moderate VO2 peak [OR 0.210 (95%CI: 0.054-0.814), P=0.024] and high VO2 peak [OR 0.146 (95%CI:0.025-0.870), P=0.035], but no significant effect of VO2 peak elevation on the incidence of ASCVD events was found in the low/moderate-risk ASCVD patients. CONCLUSION High cardiopulmonary fitness can significantly reduce the occurrence of ASCVD events in patients with high-risk of ASCVD.
Adult ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Stroke

Objective:To investigate and analyze the current situation, screening, clinical characteristics, prevention and treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension in Tibet region.Methods:Clinical data of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension through March 2017 to February 2020 from Tibet region were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results:511 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in the study, of which 185 cases (36.20%) had compensated cirrhosis and 326 cases (63.80%) had decompensated cirrhosis. Further analysis of the etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed that 306 cases (59.88%) were of chronic hepatitis B, 113 cases (22.11%) of alcoholic liver disease, and 68 cases (13.31%) of chronic hepatitis B combined with alcoholic liver disease. Among patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, 48 cases (25.95%) underwent endoscopic examination of which 33 diagnosed as high-risk variceal bleeding. However, none of these 33 cases had received non-selective β-blocker therapy, and only four patients had received endoscopic variceal banding therapy. Among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, 83 cases (25.46%) had a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 297 cases (91.10%) had ascites, 23 cases (7.05%) had hepatic encephalopathy, and 3 cases (0.92%) had hepatorenal syndrome. Among the patients with a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 42 cases (50.60%) had received secondary preventive treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, including 39 cases of endoscopic treatment, 1 case of endoscopic combined drug treatment, 3 cases of interventional treatment, and 2 cases of surgical treatment.Conclusion:Chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver diseases are the main causes of liver cirrhosis in Tibet region. Moreover, this region lacks screening, prevention and treatment for bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the screening of high-risk groups to prevent and improve the first-time bleeding, and promote multidisciplinary team to prevent and treat re-bleeding.

The changes of endogenous metabolites in urine samples that come from pneumonia patients of 6 months to 6 years old children were analyzed by metabolomics methods based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The aim of this study was to analyze and study the pathogenesis of endogenous metabolites in children with pneumonia and the pathogenesis of pneumonia susceptibility.The urine samples were collected and divided into normal children group (NC group,n=29),first infection with pneumonia group (FIP group,n=35),and repeated infection with pneumonia group (RIP group,n=31).The urine metabolic profile of pneumonia was obtained by GC-MS.Principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze the data.The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Fold change.Finally,there was significant difference between the normal group and the pneumonia group,the significant metabolites were serine,histidine,proline,norleucine,glutamine,stearic acid,valine,isoleucine with p value<0.05 and Fold change>5,and indole-3-acetic acid,creatine,ethanolamine,mannosylglycerol and fructose were significant between the two pneumonia groups with p value<0.05.The urinary metabolites demonstrated that amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the main metabolic pathways and responsible for the susceptibility to pneumonia.

OBJECTIVETo understand the distribution of both HBsAg and HBsAb negative adults in Mianyang, Sichuan province, and provide evidences for the development of adult immunization policy.

METHODSFrom June 2013 to April 2014, a total of 200 929 people aged ≥15 years were selected in Mianyang through stratified cluster random sampling to conduct an interview with standard questionnaire. The blood samples were collected from them for the detection of HBsAg and HBsAb with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSAmong the people surveyed, 13 903 were HBsAg positive (7.0%), 93 763 were HBsAb positive (46.6%), and 93 122 were both HBsAg and HBsAb negative (46.3%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb in females (47.1%) was higher than that in males (45.4%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb increased with age. The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was highest in people aged ≥65 years (50.3%) and lowest in people aged 15-24 years (42.9%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was highest in farmers (51.1%) and lowest in medical workers (24.1%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was highest in the widowed (51.1%) and lowest in the unmarried (41.6%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was lower in people with family history of hepatitis B (36.5%) than in people without family history of hepatitis B (46.6%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb in Han ethnic group was lower (46.3%) than that in Qiang ethnic group (53.1%), but higher than that in other ethnic groups (43.9%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was higher in rural area (48.9%) than in urban area (43.0%). The negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was lower in people who had received hepatitis B immunization (43.7%) than in people who had received no hepatitis B immunization (47.3%). The differences were all statistical significant (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe negative rate of both HBsAg and HBsAb was 46.3% in people aged ≥15 years in Mianyang. General population are susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection. It is necessary to develop and implement appropriate hepatitis B immunization strategy for local adult population.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Titanium and titanium aloy are used mostly in artificial joints, fracture fixation, and oral transplantation, while there are complex cases of insufficient bone mass in these areas. The deepened research of stem cels offers a solution for bone injury to promote new bone formation. The biocompatibility of titanium and stem cels and optimization of titanium surface modification have aroused people's attention. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the biocompatibility of titanium and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels can be improved by type I colagen modification of titanium sheets. METHODS:The experiment was divided into two groups. Modification group: titanium sheet was modified with type I colagen; control group: titanium sheet was not modified with type I colagen. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels at passage 6 were implanted into titanium sheet in two groups. Then we calculated the number of adherent cels in two groups at 1, 2 and 4 hours after implantation, and compared the celladhesion rate. MTT assay was used to observe the proliferation of cels on titanium sheet at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after implantation. DNA and protein content of cels were detected at 3, 6, 9 days after implantation. The growth of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels seeded upon the titanium sheets was observed under scanning electron microscope at 6 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cels were cultured for 1 hour and 2 hours, the number of adherent cels in the modification group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The absorbance of cels in two groups was increased as the culture time, as detected by MTT assay. The modification group had a significantly higher absorbance value than the control group at 4, 6, 8 days (P < 0.05). DNA and protein contents of the cels in the modification group were higher than that in control group at 6 and 9 days (P < 0.05). At 6 days, the number of adherent cels and secretion of adherent stromal cellmatrix in the modification group were significantly better than that in control group, observed by scanning electron microscopy. Type I colagen modified titanium sheets have good surface activity and biocompatibility, and can promote the proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels.

BACKGROUND:The safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement or selective unilateral total knee arthroplasty in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the knees are stil controversial. OBJECTIVE:To compare safety and clinical efficacy of patients with osteoarthritis knees after simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement or selective unilateral total knee replacement. METHODS:Total y 60 cases with severe osteoarthritis of the knees (90 knees) undergoing total knee replacement were divided into unilateral total knee replacement group (n=30, 30 knees), and the simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement group (n=30, 60 knees). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications such as infection, mortality, pulmonary embolism in patients of both groups (P>0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular complications, postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were higher in the bilateral knee group than in the unilateral knee group (P<0.05). During fol ow-up at 1 year after replacement, no significant differences in range of motion, muscle strength of quadriceps and hospital for special surgery knee score were detected in patients of both groups (P>0.05). However, Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly lower in the bilateral knee group than in the unilateral group (P<0.05). These data indicated that the risk of cardiovascular complications was high in patients receiving bilateral total knee replacement. Patients with severe cardiovascular disease should avoid simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection in high risk populations.

METHODSA computerized literature searching had been carried out in PubMed, EMbase, Ovid, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wanfang, Tsinghua Tongfang database and related websites to collect relevant papers (from establishment to June 2012) with the key words of pre-exposure prophylaxis, HIV, AIDS, high risk populations, relative risk, reduction. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) papers about using single or compound antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) orally or topically before HIV exposure or during HIV exposure in high risk populations were enrolled. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 10.0 to calculate the pooled RR value (95%CI). Consistency test was performed and publication bias was evaluated.

RESULTSFinally 5 RCT papers were enrolled, including 10 271 persons who were at high risk of HIV infection. The number of the experimental group was 5929, among which 116(1.96%) became infected. The number of the control group was 4342, among which 201(4.63%) became infected. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95%CI was 0.49 (0.39 - 0.61), P < 0.05, indicating that the persons in experimental group had a 0.49 times lower risk of HIV infected, as compared with the control group. Publication bias analysis revealed a symmetry funnel plot. The fail-safe number was 825.

CONCLUSIONPrEP was an effective and safe protection measure to reduce HIV infection in high risk populations.

Anti-HIV Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk