Objective:To investigate the intention to stay on among primary health care workers (PHWs) during the COVID-19 epidemics and its influencing factors.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among PHWs from 62 primary health institutions in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across China selected by multi-stage whole cluster random sampling method between May and October 2022. According to the job position, the PHWs were divided into 5 categories: general practitioners (GPs), nurses, public health doctors, managers and support staff. Intention to stay was measured using the Chinese version of the Intention to Stay Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the intention to stay in PHWs of different occupational categories, including personal factors, work factors, factors related to the COVID-19 and psychological reactions.Results:A total of 3 769 PHWs from 44 community health service centers, 18 township hospitals of 27 provinces/autonomous regions and 4 municipalities participated in this survey. The mean age of participants was (37.4±9.2) years, including 2 971(78.8%) women. The mean score of intention to stay of participants was 21.7±4.1. Compared with GPs, managers had lower intention to stay ( P=0.004). Age, female, in marriage, monthly income, years of primary care service, self-evaluation of unit support function, MSQ-SF score, and PA score were positively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05), while PHQ-9 score, EE score, and DP score were negatively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05). The MSQ-SF scores of all occupational categories were positively correlated with the scores of intention to stay (all P<0.01). In addition, among GPs, monthly income, years of service in primary care, self-evaluation of unit support function, and PA scores were positively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05), while PHQ-9 scores and EE scores were negatively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05). Among nurses, age, female gender, monthly income, self-evaluation of unit support function, and PA score were positively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05), while EE scores and retention will score were negatively associated with ( P<0.001). Among public health doctors, in marriage was positively correlated with the score of intention to stay ( P=0.018). Among managers, DP score was negatively correlated with the score of intention to stay ( P=0.001). Among support staff, female gender, monthly income, years of primary care service, self-evaluation of unit support function, and PA scores were positively correlated with the score of intention to stay (all P<0.05), while EE score and DP score were negatively correlated with intention to stay (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The intention to stay of PHWs in China during the COVID-19 was at an intermediate level, which was affected by many factors. Among them, job satisfaction was positively correlated with the intention to stay of all occupational categories, and the influencing factors of different occupational categories have some variations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of inducible co-stimulatory molecules (ICOS) with mesenteric vascular endothelial- mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and sclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Twenty 4-week-old WKY rats and 20 SHRs of the same strain were both randomly divided into 4 groups for observation at 4, 6, 10 and 30 weeks of age. ICOS expression frequency in rat spleen CD4⁺T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expressions of ICOS, VE-cad, α-SMA and Col3 mRNA in rat mesentery were detected by RT-PCR. The distributions of ICOS, IL-17A and TGF-β in rat mesentery were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-17A and TGF-β in rat plasma were measured using ELISA. The morphological changes of rat mesenteric vessels were observed with Masson staining. Spearman or Pearson correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between ICOS expression and the expressions of the markers of vascular EndMT and sclerosis. RESULTS: Compared with the control WKY rats, the SHRs began to show significantly increased systolic blood pressure and ICOS expression frequency on CD4⁺T cells at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05). In the SHRs, the mRNA and protein expressions of ICOS, α-SMA, Col3, IL-17A and TGF-β in the mesentery were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein expressions of VE-cad started to reduce significantly at 10 weeks of age (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of IL-17A and TGF-β were significantly increased in SHRs since 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) with progressive worsening of mesenteric vascular sclerosis (P < 0.05). ICOS mRNA and protein expression levels in the mesenteric tissues of SHRs began to show positive correlations with α-SMA and Col3 expression levels and the severity of vascular sclerosis at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with VE-cad expression level at 10 weeks (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ICOS play an important pathogenic role in EndMT and sclerosis of mesenteric vessels in essential hypertension by mediating related immune responses.
Rats ; Animals ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Hypertension ; Interleukin-17 ; Sclerosis/pathology* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Mesentery/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Blood Pressure

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in renal epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) in essential hypertensive nephropathy. METHODS: Four-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (control group) were both randomized into 4 groups (n=5) for observation at 4, 6, 10 and 30 weeks of age. Blood pressure of the rats was monitored using a noninvasive tail artery blood pressure measurement instrument. The percentage of Th17 cells in the splenocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-17A, iNOS, Arg-1, E-cadherin, and α-SMA in the kidneys of the rats were detected using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and plasma levels of IL-17A were regularly detected using ELISA. RESULTS: At the age of 6 weeks, the SHRs began to show significantly higher blood pressure with greater Th17 cell percentage in the splenocytes and high renal expression and plasma level of IL-17A than WKY rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At 30 weeks, renal expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein was significantly lower and the expression of Arg-1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY rats (P < 0.01). Compared with the WKY rats, the SHRs showed significantly higher mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS at 6 and 10 weeks (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and higher α-SMA mRNA and protein expressions since 10 weeks of age (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In SHRs older than 10 weeks, renal IL-17A mRNA and protein expression levels were negatively correlated with those of E-cadherin (r=-0.731, P < 0.05; r=-0.827, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with those of α-SMA (r=0.658, P < 0.05; r=0.968, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION IL-17A is closely correlated with the progression of renal EMT in SHR and plays its role possibly by mediating M1/M2 polarization of renal infiltrating macrophages.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cadherins/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Hypertension ; Interleukin-17/metabolism* ; Kidney ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY

Objective: To investigate the effect of capsaicin on proliferation in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and its possible molecular mechanism. Method: Capsaicin (50,100,150,200,250,300 μmol·L^-1) groups and blank group were set up. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (50,100,150,200,250,300 μmol·L^-1) for 24, 48, 72 h. The morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150,200,250 μmol·L^-1) for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were measured by Real-time PCR after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150,200,250 μmol·L^-1) for 24 h. The levels of HMGB1 and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150,200,250 μmol·L^-1) for 24 h. Result: Compared with the blank group, there was no significant difference between 50 and 100 μmol·L^-1 capsaicin groups treated for 24, 48, 72 h; after treated with the other concentrations of capsaicin (150, 200, 250, 300 μmo·L^-1) at different time points, the proliferation inhibition rate was statistically significant (P<0.05), with significant concentration and time-dependent effect; compared with the blank group, capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L^-1) groups showed different degrees of morphological changes in SMMC-7721 cells, which became round and wrinkled, with a poor attachment and more exfoliation; compared with the blank group, the mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and IL-6 in SMMC-7721 cells of capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L^-1) groups were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), and the secretions of HMGB1 and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the supernatant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Capsaicin inhibits cell proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of HMGB1 and IL-6 at the mRNA and protein levels.

Chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus, also known as Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS), is a rare complication of successful cardiopulmanry resuscitation often accompanied by action myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. It is seen in patients who have undergone a cardiorespiratory arrest, regained consciousness afterwards, and then developed myoclonus days or weeks after the event. Worldwide, 122 cases have been reported in the literature so far, including 1 case of Chinese. Here we report 2 Chinese LAS patients with detailed neuroimagings. Cranial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of patient 1, a 52-year-old woman, showed a mild hypoperfusion in her left temporal lobe, whereas patient 2, a 54-year-old woman, manifested a mild bilateral decrease of glucose metabolism in the frontal lobes and a mild to moderate decrease of the N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) peak in the bilateral hippocampi by cranial [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) scan and cranial magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. We also review the literature on the neuroimaging, pathogenesis, and treatment of LAS.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; adverse effects ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo provide more information for rational evaluation of potential risks of terephthalic acid (TPA), we studied the effects of TPA on rats' bladders in 90 days after TPA exposure.

METHODSSprague Dawley rats were subdivided into five groups, ingesting 0%, 0.04%, 0.2%, 1%, and 5% TPA respectively for a sub-chronic feeding study lasting for 90 days. Urine, serum and samples of brain, liver, lung, kidney, bladder, etc. were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSTPA ingesting decreased the value of urinary pH, and increased the contents of Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ in urine. The volume of 24 h urine was significantly increased in male rats in the 1% and 5% TPA groups. Urinary white sediment was found in both sexes, and its formation in male rats seemed more susceptible than that in female rats. Alpha 2u-globulin (AUG) in serum and urine of male rats was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Fifteen cases of hyperplasia (simple or atypical) were determined in the 5% TPA ingesting group, 14/52 in male rats and 1/23 in female rats. Among them 3 male rats had no stone or calculus. Those with either bladder stones or hyperplasia were accompanied with urinary white sediments.

CONCLUSIONWhite sediment accompanied with elevated urine AUG is the basis of TPA induced urolith formation, and is also associated with TPA induced bladder epithelial cell proliferation. It can act as an early biomarker for the potential toxic effect of TPA.

Alpha-Globulins ; urine ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Female ; Hyperplasia ; chemically induced ; Male ; Phthalic Acids ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder ; drug effects ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; chemically induced