Multi-gene assays have emerged as crucial tools for risk stratification in early-stage breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in Chinese patients with pN0-1, estrogen receptor-positive (ER
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics* ; Receptors, Estrogen

OBJECTIVES: Clarifying the expression of breast cancer receptor is the key to clinical treatment for breast cancer. This study aims to explore the correlation between X-ray and clinical characteristics of 4 molecular subtypes and their receptor types of breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 439 breast cancer patients who confirmed by pathology and performed X-ray examination were enrolled. The X-ray and clinical characteristics of 4 molecular subtypes and the expression of their receptors were analyzed. RESULTS: Luminal A type showed the highest proportion of spiculate masses, and the lowest calcification score, showing significant difference with other 3 subtypes (all CONCLUSIONS Four molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their receptor expressions are correlated with X-ray and clinical characteristics, which can provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics* ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with autosomal dominant late-onset non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). METHODS: Clinical data of the pedigree were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and other family members. Trio whole exome sequencing was carried out for 19 396 genes to identify potential pathogenic variants. Sanger sequencing was carried out to verify the candidate variant in the pedigree. RESULTS: The proband and his father were found to carry a c.1183+1delG p.? variant of the DFNA5 gene. The variant was confirmed to be co-segregating with the disease phenotype in the pedigree. CONCLUSION The c.1183+1delG p.? variant of the DFNA5 gene probably underlay the late onset NSHL in this pedigree. Above finding has enabled accurate genetic counseling for this pedigree.
Age of Onset ; China ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics*

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of P504s,E-cadherin,erythroblast transformation-specific related gene(ERG)and estrogen receptor(ER)in prostate adenocarcinoma in Tibet.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma diagnosed by the Department of Pathology of Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from September 2013 to September 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were assigned to prognostic grade groups based on Gleason score according to the WHO 2016 criteria.Immunostaining of P504s,E-cadherin,ERG,and ER was performed.Results The age of all 15 patients ranged from 61 to 86 years.The serum prostate specific antigen(PSA)concentration was ≥20 ng/ml in 12 patients and<20 ng/ml in 3 patients.Among the 15 patients,11 underwent needle biopsy,1 transurethral resection of the prostate,and 3 radical prostatectomy.Prognostic grouping results revealed 5 cases in grade groups 1-3,4 cases in grade group 4,and 6 cases in grade group 5.Immunohistochemistrically,15 cases(100%)were positive for P504s,E-cadherin and PSA;one case(7%)was positive for ERG;all cases were negative for P63,ER and CK34βE12.Thirteen cases were followed up for 2-48 months,with 2 cases treated with total prostatectomy and 11 cases with non-surgical treatment.Two cases were lost to follow-up. Conclusions Prostate adenocarcinoma is rare relatively in Tibet.The accuracy of diagnosis can be improved by using multiple immunohistochemical markers.The cases of grades 4 and 5 by pathological confirmed are relatively common in Tibet.P504s and E-cadherin are highly expressed in prostate adenocarcinoma patients in Tibet,while ERG presents low expression,ER is unexpressed.
Adenocarcinoma/genetics* ; Cadherins/genetics* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

This study intended to explore the effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma in improving scopola-mine-induced learning and memory impairments in model mice. Ninety four-month-old Kunming(KM) mice were randomly divided into six groups. The ones in the model group and blank group were treated with intragastric administration of normal saline, while those in the medication groups separately received the total flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma, Kangnaoshuai Capsules, donepezil, as well as total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae plus estrogen receptor(ER) blocker by gavage. The mouse model of learning and memory impairments was established via intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine. Following the measurement of mouse learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test, the hippocampal ERβ expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of ERβ and phosphorylated p38(p-p38) in the hippocampus and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter(Bad), and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3(caspase-3) in the apoptotic system were assayed by Western blot. The contents of malondia-ldehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and nitric oxide(NO) in the hippocampus were then determined using corresponding kits. Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly prolonged incubation period, reduced frequency of cros-sing the platform, shortened residence time in the target quadrant, lowered ERβ, Bcl-2 and SOD activity in the hippocampus, and increased p-p38/p38, Bad, caspase-3, MDA, and NO. Compared with the model group, the total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae increased the expression of ERβ and SOD in the hippocampus, down-regulated the expression of neuronal pro-apoptotic proteins, up-re-gulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and reduced p-p38/p38, MDA, and NO. The effects of total flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma on the above indexes were reversed by ER blocker. It has been proved that the total flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma obviously alleviate scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice, which may be achieved by regulating the neuronal apoptotic system and oxidative stress via the ER-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(ER-p38 MAPK) signaling pathway.
Animals ; Flavonoids ; Hippocampus ; Maze Learning ; Mice ; Polypodiaceae ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Scopolamine/toxicity* ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics*

Objective To approach the discordance of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),Cerb-B2,Ki-67 index and P53 expressions between primary and regional or distant recurrent lesions in recurrent or metastatic breast cancer patients.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 56 recurrent or metastatic breast cancer patients who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2001 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The changes in the expressions of ER,PR,Cerb-B2,Ki-67 index,and P53 status were analyzed.Results The hormone receptor positive rate between primary tumor and recurrent or metastatic sites decreased from 60.7% to 57.1% for ER and from 55.4% to 44.6% for PR,respectively.Changes in hormone receptor status were seen at the rate of 12.5%(7/56)and 16.1%(9/56)for ER and PR,respectively.Cerb-B2 receptor positive rate increased from 19.1% to 29.5% and the discordance rate was 9.1%(4/44).The discordance rate of Ki-67 index was 24.5%(12/49).The P53 receptor positive rate increased from 37.5% to 55.6% and the discordance rate was 13.3%(6/45).Conclusion Although the relevant rules of above changes are still controversial,these findings still have great clinical significance for making effective treatment decisions of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; Receptors, Progesterone ; genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

A rapid decline in egg production of laying hens begins after 480 d of age. Such a rapid decrease results predominantly from the ovarian aging, accompanied by endocrine changes, decreased yolk synthesis and accumulation, and the reduction in follicles selected into the preovulatory hierarchy. In this study, hens at 90, 150, 280, and 580 d old (D90, D150, D280, and D580, respectively) were compared for yolk precursor formation in the liver to elucidate effects of aging on laying performance. The results showed that liver lipid synthesis increased remarkably in hens from D90 to D150, but decreased sharply at D580 as indicated by the changes in triglyceride (TG) levels. This result was consistent with the age-related changes of the laying performance. The levels of liver antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in D580 hens and the methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in D580 hens was much higher than that at other stages. The serum 17β-estradiol level increased from D90 to D280, but decreased at D580 (P<0.05). The expression of estrogen receptor α and β mRNAs in the liver displayed similar changes to the serum 17β-estradiol in D580 hens. Expressions of the genes related to yolk precursor formation and enzymes responsible for fat acid synthesis were all decreased in D580 hens. These results indicated that decreased yolk precursor formation in the liver of the aged hens resulted from concomitant decreases of serum 17β-estradiol level, transcription levels of estrogen receptors and critical genes involved in yolk precursor synthesis, and liver antioxidant status.
Age Factors ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Egg Yolk ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Liver ; metabolism ; Oviposition ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics

There is an increasing interest in phytoestrogens due to their potential medical usage in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of estrogen-like activities of two widespread coumarins, osthole and imperatorin, using the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay and their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in osteoblasts Saos-2 cells. The two compounds were found to strongly stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The estrogen receptor-regulated ERα, progesterone receptor (PR) and PS2 mRNA levels were increased by treatment with osthole and imperatorin. All these effects were significantly inhibited by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182, 780. Cell cycle analysis revealed that their proliferation stimulatory effect was associated with a marked increase in the number of MCF-7 cells in S phase, which was similar to that observed with estradiol. It was also observed that they significantly increased ALP activity, which was reversed by ICI182,780. These results suggested that osthole and imperatorin could stimulate osteoblastic activity by displaying estrogenic properties or through the ER pathway. In conclusion, osthole and imperatorin may represent new pharmacological tools for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Furocoumarins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Phytoestrogens ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism

Sex hormone estrogen is one of the most active intrinsic angiogenesis regulators; its therapeutic use has been limited due to its carcinogenic potential. Plant-derived phytoestrogens are attractive alternatives, but reports on their angiogenic activities often lack in-depth analysis and sometimes are controversial. Herein, we report a data-mining study with the existing literature, using IPA system to classify and characterize phytoestrogens based on their angiogenic properties and pharmacological consequences. We found that pro-angiogenic phytoestrogens functioned predominantly as cardiovascular protectors whereas anti-angiogenic phytoestrogens played a role in cancer prevention and therapy. This bidirectional regulation were shown to be target-selective and, for the most part, estrogen-receptor-dependent. The transactivation properties of ERα and ERβ by phytoestrogens were examined in the context of angiogenesis-related gene transcription. ERα and ERβ were shown to signal in opposite ways when complexed with the phytoestrogen for bidirectional regulation of angiogenesis. With ERα, phytoestrogen activated or inhibited transcription of some angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in the promotion of angiogenesis, whereas, with ERβ, phytoestrogen regulated transcription of angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis. Therefore, the selectivity of phytoestrogen to ERα and ERβ may be critical in the balance of pro- or anti-angiogenesis process.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; metabolism ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; metabolism ; Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Phytoestrogens ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

To examine the expressions of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), vimentin and N-cadherin in breast cancer and its molecular subtypes, and to explore the correlation among them.
 Methods: The expressions of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry in 835 patients with breast cancer, and their correlations with clinical pathological features and prognosis were analyzed.
 Results: The expression rates of EpCAM, vimentin and N-cadherin in the patients were 53.4%, 11.4% and 9.7% respectively, which were increased with the increase in tumor size, histological grade, lymph node size, tumor node stage of metastases classification, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor levels (all P<0.05). The positive expression rates for EpCAM protein in luminal A, luminal B (HER2-), luminal B (HER2+), HER2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes were 19.2%, 73.0%, 48.9%, 72.2%, and 62.1% respectively; for vimentin were 3.9%, 11.4%, 14.1%, 11.1%, and 20.5% respectively; for N-cadherin were 7.0%, 5.7%, 12.0%, 12.2% and 17.4% respectively, with statistical difference (all P<0.05). EpCAM expression was positively correlated with vimentin and N-cadherin in patients with breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
 Conclusion: EpCAM is overexpressed in triple-negative subtype of breast cancer and it is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, which might be related to breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Antigens, CD ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Cadherins ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; Vimentin