In the present work,a chemically modified electrode has been fabricated utilizing Bi2O3/ZnO nano-composite.The nanocomposite was synthesized by simple sonochemical method and characterized for its structural and morphological properties by using XRD,FESEM,EDAX,HRTEM and XPS techniques.The results clearly indicated co-existence of Bi2O3 and ZnO in the nanocomposite with chemical interaction between them.Bi2O3/ZnO nanocomposite based glassy carbon electrode(GCE)was utilized for sensitive voltammetric detection of an anti-biotic drug(balofloxacin).The modification amplified the electroactive surface area of the sensor,thus providing more sites for oxidation of analyte.Cyclic and square wave voltammograms revealed that Bi2O3/ZnO modified electrode provides excellent electrocatalytic action towards balofloxacin oxidation.The current exhibited a wide linear response in concentration range of 150-1000 nM and detection limit of 40.5 nM was attained.The modified electrode offered advantages in terms of simplicity of preparation,fair stability(RSD 1.45％),appreciable reproducibility(RSD 2.03％)and selectivity.The proposed sensor was applied for determining balofloxacin in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and blood serum samples with the mean recoveries of 99.09％and 99.5％,respectively.

This was a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study.

This was a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study.

PURPOSE: In medical colleges, resident training programs must provide adequate surgical experiences, making them qualified at the end of residency program. It is generally believed that it would take more time for a surgical resident to perform surgical procedures than a board-certified surgeon. There is no current benchmark with regards to operative time and surgical cases involving orthopedic surgery residents. In this study, we focused on two key aspects of surgical training variables, namely, surgical duration & C-arm shoots when the procedure is done by a faculty surgeon in comparison to done by an orthopedic resident under supervision of faculty surgeon. METHODS: It is an observational prospective study, we observed patients undergoing 1 of 5 common orthopedic trauma operations in a community teaching hospital. We recorded two variables, 'skin to skin' surgical duration & number of image intensifier television/C-arm shoots of faculty surgeons and orthopedic resident (postgraduate-3yr) under supervision of faculty surgeon. We calculated mean difference of two variables with or without resident & determined statistical significance, we also compared functional outcome at final follow-up. RESULTS: The total number of procedure observed was 402. On observing summarized results of all surgical procedures, faculty surgeons took on an average 33 min lesser (p < 0.05) & on an average 37 lesser number of shoots (p < 0.05) than resident surgeons. The difference in surgical duration tended to increase with the greater complexity of the surgical dissection. The difference in number of C-arm shoots tended to increase with the increase in surgical duration in closed procedures. In all the five procedures there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in functional outcome of cases performed by faulty surgeon and resident. CONCLUSION Little data has been previously published regarding the impact of teaching orthopedic resident in operating room. We demonstrate that resident participation increases the procedure time for commonly performed orthopedic procedures and also the number of C-arm shoots, hence there is a need for technical training facilities outside the operating room such as in cadaveric labs, saw bone labs & virtual surgery simulation. Also the preoperative plan should be thoroughly discussed by faculty surgeon with residents.

Retrieval of a broken guide wire transfixing the acetabulum or with intrapelvic migration is challenging and frustrating for surgeons. We here present a case report on a method to remove a broken guide wire transfixing the acetabulum through the proximal hole of recon nail using a grasping forceps. This method is little invasive, easy, time-saving and without need for changing the inital fixation.
Adult ; Bone Wires ; adverse effects ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Prosthesis Failure

The present study reports voltammetric reduction of nitazoxanide in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry at glassy carbon electrode. A versatile fully validated voltammetric method for quantitative determination of nitazoxanide in pharmaceutical formulation has been proposed. A squrewave peak current was linear over the nitazoxanide concentration in the range of 20-140 mg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated to be 5.23μg/mL and 17.45μg/mL, respectively.

Redox behavior of midazolam was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in various buffer systems,supporting electrolytes and pH using differential paise,square-wave and cyclic voltammetry.Based on its reduction behavior,a direct differential pulse voltammetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of midazolam in parenteral dosage.Three welldefined peaks were observed in 0.1％ SLS,Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer of pH 2.5.The effect of surfaetants like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS),cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Tween 20 was studied.Among these surfactants SLS showed significant enhancement in reduction peak.The cathodic peak currents were directly proportional to the concentration of midazolam with correlation coetfficient of 0.99.

A sensitive electroanalytical method for quantification of pheniramine in pharmaceutical formulation has been investigated on the basis of the enhanced electrochemical response at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate.The experimental results suggest that the phcniramine in anionic surfactant solution exhibits electrocatalytic effect resulting in a marked enhancement of the peak current response.Peak current response is linearly dependent on the concentration of pheniramine in the range 200-1500 μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9987.The limit of detection is 58.31 μg/m L.The modified electrode shows good sensitivity and repeatability.

Electrochemical reduction behavior of Adefovir was studied using Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution.Voltammetric study showed one well-defined reduction peak in the potential range -1.2 to -1.4 V (vs.Ag/AgCl) due to reduction of C=N bond of the imidazole ring.Solid-phase extraction and protein-precipitation techniques were employed for extraction of Adefovir from human plasma.The proposed method allows quantification of Adefovir in human plasma over the concentration range 0.50-5.00 μg/mL with the detection limit 0.17 μg/mL,whereas in pharmaceutical formulation 0.25-2.25 μg/mL with the detection limit 0.08 μg/mL.

OBJECTIVEMonteggia fracture dislocation equivalent, though already described by Bado, is still an unclassified entity. We aimed to retrospectively analyze 18 cases of Monteggia variants and discuss the injury mechanisms, management, and outcome along with a review of the literature.

METHODSA retrospective record of Monteggia fracture dislocation (2003-2008) was reviewed from medical record department of our institute. Classic Monteggia fracture dislocation, children below 12 years or adults over 50 years, as well as open grade II and III cases were excluded from this study. Monteggia variant inclusion criteria included fracture of the proximal ulna together with a fracture of the radial head or neck and skeletal maturity. Totally 26 patients were identified with Monteggia variants and 18 were available for follow-up, including 11 males and 7 females with the mean age of 35 years. The ulna fracture was treated by compression plating along with tension band wiring. Radial head/neck was reconstructed in 12 patients while excised in 6 patients.

RESULTSFollow-up ranged from 1-4 years, mean 2.6 years. Patients were assessed clinicoradiologically. Mayo Elbow Performance Score was employed to assess the outcomes. At final follow-up, the results were excellent in 10 patients, good in 4, fair in 2 and poor in 2. Mean range of motion of the elbow was 20 degree 116 degree, 50 degree and 55 degree for extension, flexion, pronation and supination, respectively. Two patients had complications in the form of heterotopic ossification and stiffness of the elbow. One nonunion ulna, primarily treated by tension band wiring, was managed by refixation with locking reconstruction plate and bone grafting. Bone grafting was only required in this patient for nonunion. Another patient had implants removed on his request. The results in our series closely correlated with extent of intraarticular damage, coronoid fracture and comminuted fractures.

CONCLUSIONSMonteggia fracture dislocation equivalents are rare injuries and pre-surgery recognition by radiographs and 3-D CT helps make optimal plan. The poor results usually relate to intraarticular damage, coronoid fractures and comminution of the ulna and radial head fractures.