OBJECTIVE: To examine the therapeutic effect of Fangji Fuling Decoction (FFD) on sepsis through network pharmacological analysis combined with in vitro and in vivo experiments. METHODS: A sepsis mouse model was constructed through intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by 250 ng/mL LPS to establish an in vitro cell model. Network pharmacology analysis identified the key molecular pathway associated with FFD in sepsis. Through ectopic expression and depletion experiments, the effect of FFD on multiple organ damage in septic mice, as well as on cell proliferation and apoptosis in relation to the mitogen-activated protein kinase 14/Forkhead Box O 3A (MAPK14/FOXO3A) signaling pathway, was analyzed. RESULTS: FFD reduced organ damage and inflammation in LPS-induced septic mice and suppressed LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis and inflammation in vitro (P<0.05). Network pharmacology analysis showed that FFD could regulate the MAPK14/FOXO signaling pathway during sepsis. As confirmed by in vitro cell experiments, FFD inhibited the MAPK14 signaling pathway or FOXO3A expression to relieve LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis and inflammation (P<0.05). Furthermore, FFD inhibited the MAPK14/FOXO3A signaling pathway to inhibit LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis in the lung tissue of septic mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION FFD could ameliorate the LPS-induced inflammatory response in septic mice by inhibiting the MAPK14/FOXO3A signaling pathway.
Mice ; Animals ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14/metabolism* ; Wolfiporia ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Sepsis/complications* ; Signal Transduction ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Oxygen Radioisotopes

Objective To investigate the causes of false-positive results in the ⁶⁸Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04) PET/CT imaging. Methods The imaging data of 547 patients undergoing ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected.Two experienced nuclear medicine diagnostic physicians analyzed the clinical data,relevant imaging examinations,laboratory examinations,pathological results and follow-up results of the patients with false-positive results. Results The ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging of 547 patients showed false-positive results in 99 (18.1%) patients,including 56 males and 43 females.The postoperative pathological examination confirmed false-positive results in 13 patients,including 1 patient of thyroiditis,2 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis,1 patient of bone tuberculosis,2 patients of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor,1 patient of pulmonary sarcoidosis,1 patient of pulmonary benign fibroma,1 patient of organic pneumonia,2 patients of renal angiomyolipoma,1 patient of mass pancreatitis,and 1 patient of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma.The medical history,relevant imaging examination,and long-term follow-up confirmed false-positive results in 86 patients.Specifically,the false-positive uptake in the neck,chest,abdomen,bone joint,and skin occurred in 8 (9.3%),13 (15.1%),5 (5.8%),57 (66.3%),and 3 (3.5%) patients,respectively.Inflammation-related uptake appeared in 83 (83.8%) patients with false-positive imaging results,of which arthritis (23 patients) and osteophyte (29 patients) were the most common.Sixteen (16.2%) patients showed the false-positive uptake related to fibroblasts. Conclusion ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging will show non-malignant tumor false-positive results,which are mainly associated with inflammation and fibroblasts.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Angiomyolipoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Fibroblasts ; Inflammation ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Quinolines

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analog of norepinephrine that accumulates in sympathetic nerve endings soon after intravenous administration. The degree of accumulation reflects the uptake, storage and release of transmitters by noradrenergic neurons. Myocardial imaging with ¹²³I labeled MIBG ( ¹²³I-MIBG) can be used to estimate the extent of local myocardial sympathetic nerve damage, which has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various heart diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out on the application of ¹²³I-MIBG in the diagnosis of degenerative diseases of the nervous system (such as Parkinson's disease and dementia of Lewy body), and have made some achievements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current clinical application of ¹²³I-MIBG myocardial imaging in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, the problems in imaging technology and the possible research directions in the future, so as to provide valuable reference information for clinicians to reasonably and accurately apply this technology in the early diagnosis and discrimination of dementia.
Humans ; Lewy Bodies ; 3-Iodobenzylguanidine ; Lewy Body Disease/diagnostic imaging* ; Iodine Radioisotopes

The radioactive safety of drinking water has attracted increasing public concern. The newly issued Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2022) in China has revised the radiological parameters. This article provides an overview of the main sources, levels of radionuclides in drinking water, and summarized the individual doses criterion and adverse health effects associated with exposure of the public to radionuclides from drinking-water. It analyzes and discusses the relevant revision content of radiological parameters, including the guidance values for screening gross α and gross β, subtracting the contribution of potassium-40 from gross β activity when the gross β activity concentration exceeds the screening level, and the basis for establishing the limit values of reference indices uranium and radium-226. Specific implementation and evaluation suggestions are also proposed.
Humans ; China ; Drinking Water ; Radioisotopes/analysis* ; Uranium/analysis* ; Water Supply

Introduction: No clear consensus exists as to the optimal timing for conducting whole body scintigraphy (WBS) after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Objective: This study aimed to compare the utility of early versus delayed post-therapy WBS in identifying residual lesions and metastases. Methods A systematic review of existing literature was done, yielding 6 observational studies relevant to the subject. Meta-analyses were done comparing lesion detecting rates of early (3-4 days post-RAI) and delayed (7-11 days post-RAI) post-therapy WBS for thyroid remnants and metastases in the lymph nodes, lungs, and bone using a random-effects model with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A subgroup analysis was also done relating to the type of collimator used in imaging.
Iodine-131 ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Radionuclide Imaging

The American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EUA) and International Urological Society (SIU) annual meetings were held in 2022. Studies on prostate cancer reported in the meetings mainly focus on the advances of diagnostic biomarkers (such as α-2, 3-1inked sialylation of terminal N-glycan on free PSA density, SelectMDx) and imaging techniques [such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-PET/CT], the new method for prostate biopsy, the new treatments of prostate cancer including [¹⁷⁷Lu] Ludotadipep and DROP-IN PSMA probe, and the prognosis assessment of prostate cancer (such as AR-V7). This article provides an overview on the research hotspots of three international academic meetings.
Male ; Humans ; Urology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Gallium Radioisotopes

To efficiently remove all recurrent lymph nodes (rLNs) and minimize complications, we developed a combination approach that consisted of ⁶⁸Gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and integrated indocyanine green (ICG)-guided salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) for rLNs after radical prostatectomy (RP). Nineteen patients were enrolled to receive such treatment. ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT was used to identify rLNs, and 5 mg of ICG was injected into the space between the rectum and bladder before surgery. Fluorescent laparoscopy was used to perform sLND. While extensive LN dissection was performed at level I, another 5 mg of ICG was injected via the intravenous route to intensify the fluorescent signal, and laparoscopy was introduced to intensively target stained LNs along levels I and II, specifically around suspicious LNs, with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT. Next, both lateral peritonea were exposed longitudinally to facilitate the removal of fluorescently stained LNs at levels III and IV. In total, pathological analysis confirmed that 42 nodes were rLNs. Among 145 positive LNs stained with ICG, 24 suspicious LNs identified with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT were included. The sensitivity and specificity of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT for detecting rLNs were 42.9% and 96.6%, respectively. For ICG, the sensitivity was 92.8% and the specificity was 39.1%. At a median follow-up of 15 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-31) months, 15 patients experienced complete biochemical remission (BR, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] <0.2 ng ml^-1), and 4 patients had a decline in the PSA level, but it remained >0.2 ng ml^-1. Therefore, ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT integrating ICG-guided sLND provides efficient sLND with few complications for patients with rLNs after RP.
Gallium Isotopes ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Ligands ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Salvage Therapy

Some kinds of chronic sialadenitis were recognized during the recent years. They have specific pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic appearances, and require specific treatment. IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is one of the immune-mediated diseases, characterized by tumefactive lesions. The incidence of IgG4-RS obviously increased during the past 30 years. The study on the potential relationship between occupational exposure to chemical substances and the incidence of IgG4-RS showed that subjects with occupational exposure to agents known to cause IgG4-RD had an increased risk for IgG4-RS. Surgical excision of involved SMG could not control the disease progression, which is not recommended for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents is effective for treating IgG4-RS, and restores salivary gland function. Radioiodine induced sialadenitis (RAIS) is one of the common complications of postoperative adjuvant treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer by ¹³¹I. The incidence of the disease is related to radiation dosage. Clinically, the patients suffered from swelling and tenderness in the buccal or submandibular regions, especially during the mealtime. Imaging appearances are similar to those of chronic obstructive sialadenitis. Conservative managements, such as gland massage, sialagogues, are the mainstream methods in the treatment of RAIS. Sialendoscopy is feasible for RAIS, but not as effective as conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore the prevention of RAIS is crucial. Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES) is a new type of chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary gland related to allergy. It has characteristics of swelling of multiple major salivary glands, strip-like gelatinous plugs discharged from the duct orifice of the gland, elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophils in peripheral blood, infiltration of eosinophils and IgE positive plasma cells in the tissues, allergic history, increased expression of allergy-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, which suggest allergic reactions as a potential pathogenesis of the disease. The clinical, laboratory, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of ES are significantly different from conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore, it is suitable to separate ES from COS. Conservative managements, such as self-maintenance therapy and anti- allergic modality are the choices of treatment for ES. Based on the results of our comprehensive studies a new classification of chronic sialadenitis is suggested.
Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Salivary Glands ; Sialadenitis/etiology* ; Submandibular Gland

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-labeled prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for assessing tumor load in primary lesions for risk stratification and predicting metastasis of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 36 patients (mean age 71.3 ± 8.6 years, range 56 to 89 years) with newly diagnosed PCa undergoing ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT from June 2018 to July 2019. SUVmax and SUVmean of the primary lesions were measured, and the primary PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA) were automatically measured and calculated in all the patients. The correlations of primary SUVmax, PSMA-TV, and TL-PSMA with PSA and Gleason score (GS) were analyzed, and SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of the primary lesions were compared among different PCa subgroups. RESULTS: SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of the primary lesions were all correlated with PSA and GS (P < 0.05). PCa subgroup analysis showed that SUVmax, PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA were all significantly higher in patients with PSA >20 ng/mL than in those with PSA ≤20 ng/mL (P < 0.001), and were higher in patients with a GS ≥8 than in those with a GS ≤7 (P < 0.001). PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA were significantly higher in patients with tumor metastasis than in those without metastasis (P < 0.001), while SUVmax did not differ significantly with tumor metastasis. SUVmax (P=0.002), PSMA-TV (P < 0.001), and TL-PSMA (P < 0.001) were all significantly higher in high-risk group than in low-to moderate-risk group. CONCLUSION PSMA-TV and TL-PSMA of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-I&T PET/CT have potential value in predicting risk stratification and metastasis of newly diagnosed PCa.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Edetic Acid ; Gallium Isotopes ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligopeptides ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using thyroid ^99mTcO₄^- imaging ROI ratio instead of 24 h radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) for estimating ¹³¹I dose in individualized treatment of hyperthyroidism. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 132 patients receiving ¹³¹I treatment in our department between January and June, 2019. According to their 3 h/24 h RAIU peak ratio, the patients were divided into peak forward (≥80%) group and no peak forward (< 80%) group. In the former group, the therapeutic ¹³¹I dose was calculated based the Marinelli formula (¹³¹I dose=thyroid mass×planned amount/24 h RAIU), and in the latter group, the correlation between the ROI ratio and the 24 h RAIU was analyzed, and the ¹³¹I dose was calculated using a modified Marinelli formula where 24 h RAIU was replaced by a converted ROI ratio. The two groups of patients were compared for antithyroid drug type and discontinuation time, thyroid hormones and related antibodies, thyroid area, thyroid mass and ¹³¹I dose. All the patients were and followed up for one year to analyze the treatment efficacy. The ROI ratios after the treatment were analyzed in the two groups using ROC curves. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between the ROI ratio and 24 h RAUI in the no peak forward group (Y=58.13 + 0.2X, R²=0.118, P < 0.05), and the formula for calculating ¹³¹I dose was converted into: ¹³¹I dose=thyroid mass× planned amount/(58.13+0.2×ROI ratio)%. Before the treatment, therapeutic ¹³¹I dose, thyroid hormone levels, TRAb, 3 h and 24 h RAIU, thyroid area, thyroid mass, and ROI ratio all differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). At 3 months after treatment, thyroid hormone levels, TRAb, TPOAb, thyroid area, thyroid mass, ROI ratio, response rate, hypothyroidism rate, cure rate, remission rate, and nonresponse rate were similar between two groups (P>0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, the composition ratios of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and cured cases remained similar between two groups (P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at 3 months after treatment, the optimal cutoff values of ROI ratio for predicting hyperthyroid recurrence and hypothyroidism were 15.79 and 6.33, respectively. CONCLUSION Thyroid ^99mTcO₄^- imaging ROI ratio can be used for calculating ¹³¹I dose in individualized treatment of hyperthyroidism and for prognostic evaluation of the patients.
Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Hypothyroidism