BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of multiple gastric polyps according to the histological classification of gastric polyps. METHODS: Subjects with multiple gastric polyps (at least three) during endoscopy were enrolled prospectively. They were assigned to a fundic gland polyp (FGP) group and hyperplastic polyp (HP) group based on a histological classification of gastric polyps. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was confirmed by its histology. Serum gastrin was measured using the radioimmunoassay method. A questionnaire was taken regarding the intake of proton pump inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, smoking history, and diet. RESULTS: Among the 60 subjects enrolled from 2015 to 2018 at Seoul National University Bungdang Hospital, 47 and 13 subjects were assigned to the FGP and HP groups, respectively. The H. pylori infection rate was 12.8% in the FGP group, which is lower than that in the HP group (69.2%, p<0.001). The gastrin level was higher in the HP group (194.7 pg/dL, range 50.6–387.8 pg/dL) than in the FGP group (57.4 pg/dL, range 24.8–79.0 pg/dL) (p=0.007). Histologically, neutrophil infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach were higher in the HP group than in the FGP group (p=0.022 and p=0.030, respectively). In contrast, monocyte infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach were higher in the FGP group than in the HP group (p=0.018 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HPs arise from inflammation caused by H. pylori. On the other hand, the FGP was not associated with H. pylori or environmental factors.
Classification ; Cohort Studies ; Diet ; Endoscopy ; Gastrins ; Hand ; Helicobacter pylori ; Inflammation ; Methods ; Monocytes ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Polyps ; Prospective Studies ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps ; Radioimmunoassay ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of multiple gastric polyps according to the histological classification of gastric polyps.METHODS: Subjects with multiple gastric polyps (at least three) during endoscopy were enrolled prospectively. They were assigned to a fundic gland polyp (FGP) group and hyperplastic polyp (HP) group based on a histological classification of gastric polyps. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was confirmed by its histology. Serum gastrin was measured using the radioimmunoassay method. A questionnaire was taken regarding the intake of proton pump inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol, smoking history, and diet.RESULTS: Among the 60 subjects enrolled from 2015 to 2018 at Seoul National University Bungdang Hospital, 47 and 13 subjects were assigned to the FGP and HP groups, respectively. The H. pylori infection rate was 12.8% in the FGP group, which is lower than that in the HP group (69.2%, p<0.001). The gastrin level was higher in the HP group (194.7 pg/dL, range 50.6–387.8 pg/dL) than in the FGP group (57.4 pg/dL, range 24.8–79.0 pg/dL) (p=0.007). Histologically, neutrophil infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach were higher in the HP group than in the FGP group (p=0.022 and p=0.030, respectively). In contrast, monocyte infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach were higher in the FGP group than in the HP group (p=0.018 and p<0.001, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: HPs arise from inflammation caused by H. pylori. On the other hand, the FGP was not associated with H. pylori or environmental factors.
Classification ; Cohort Studies ; Diet ; Endoscopy ; Gastrins ; Hand ; Helicobacter pylori ; Inflammation ; Methods ; Monocytes ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Polyps ; Prospective Studies ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Proton Pumps ; Radioimmunoassay ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the primary biochemical marker used to monitor patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for residual or recurrent disease after total thyroidectomy, as only normal or well-differentiated malignant thyroid cells produce Tg. Here, we evaluated the precision and functional sensitivity (FS) of a recently developed highly sensitive Tg (hsTg) electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) and compared it to that of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method using pooled human serum with low levels of Tg. METHODS: For the ECLIA method, the Elecsys Tg II kit (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used with an E170 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). For the RIA method, the Tg-plus-RIA kit (BRAHAMS, Germany) was used with a Cobra Quantum gamma counter (Packard Instrument Company, USA). The precision and limit of detection (LOD) were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. FS was determined using a modification of the CLSI guideline. RESULTS: The total precision of the hsTg ECLIA and RIA methods was 9.6% and 48.2%, respectively. The manufacturer-reported LOD was verified by the hsTg ECLIA (0.04 ng/mL), but not by the RIA method (>0.08 ng/mL). The hsTg ECLIA showed better FS (0.04 ng/mL at a coefficient of variation [CV] of 10%) than the RIA method (0.37 ng/mL at a CV of 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the hsTg ECLIA performed better than the RIA method in terms of FS, which is extremely important for the early detection of residual or recurrent disease in DTC patients after total thyroidectomy. The excellent performance of the hsTg ECLIA could allow for clinical Tg measurement without thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation, in contrast to the insufficient performance of the RIA method.
Biomarkers ; Elapidae ; Humans ; Immunoassay* ; Limit of Detection ; Methods ; Radioimmunoassay* ; Thyroglobulin* ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyrotropin

This paper is aimed to evaluatethe thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) interference in measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg) between electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tg and TgAb of 84 sera, including 22 Graves' hyperthyroidism(GD), 24 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and 38 differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC), were measured by RIA and ECLIA, respectively. Recovery tests were carried out in 3 groups. The sera samples of the first group were added 3 different amount of Tg calibrator; the sera samples of the second group were diluted 5 times, then 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator was added; the sera samples of the third group were divided into different subgroups depending on TgAb concentration with adding 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator,Tg and TgAb were measured in each dilution by ECLIA and RIA. Recovery rate was calculated. The Tg and TgAb values measured by ECLIA were correlated with that measured by RIA (r = 0.676, P = 0.000; r = 0.677, P = 0.000, respectively). When TgAb concentration increased, the Tg values decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. The TgAb values were decreased when sera were diluted, and the Tg values also reduced by RIA and increased by ECLIA. The added different amount of Tg calibrator had not significant influence on Tg recovery rates. When TgAb concentration increased, recovery rates of Tg were decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. When sera were diluted, the recovery rates of Tg were increased by ECLIA while decreased by RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with Tg measurement in 10-400 ng/ml. ECLIA has wider measuring range and higher sensitivity than RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with TgAb measurement. When TgAb is positive, Tg values are underestimated by ECLIA and overestimated by RIA. When sera are diluted, Tg value and the recovery rate are increasing by ECLIA and decreased by RIA. Recovery test can not efficiently rectify Tg value when TgAb is positive.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Child ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Female ; Graves Disease ; blood ; Hashimoto Disease ; blood ; Humans ; Luminescent Measurements ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; methods ; Thyroglobulin ; blood ; immunology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; blood ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Insulin assays are affected by varying degrees of interference from anti-insulin antibodies (IAs) and by cross-reactivity with recombinant insulin analogues. We evaluated the usefulness of the E170 insulin assay by assessing IA effects and cross-reactivity with 2 analogues. METHODS: Sera were obtained from 59 type 2 diabetes patients receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and 18 healthy controls. Insulin levels were determined using an E170 analyzer. To investigate the effects of IAs, we performed IA radioimmunoassays, and analyzed the differences between directly measured insulin (direct insulin) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated insulins (free, IA-unbound; total, IA-bound and unbound insulin). We performed in-vitro cross-reactivity tests with insulin aspart and insulin glulisine. RESULTS: In IA-positive patients, E170 free insulin levels measured using the E170 analyzer were significantly lower than the direct insulin levels. The mean value of the direct/free insulin ratio and IA-bound insulin, which were calculated as the difference between total and free insulin, increased significantly as endogenous IA levels increased. The E170 insulin assay showed low cross-reactivities with both analogues (< 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: IAs interfered with E170 insulin assay, and the extent of interference correlated with the IA levels, which may be attributable to the increase in IA-bound insulin, and not to an error in the assay. The E170 insulin assay may measure only endogenous insulin since cross-reactivity is low. Our results suggest that the measurement of free insulin after PEG pre-treatment could be useful for beta cell function assessment in diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross Reactions ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Subcutaneous ; Insulin/analogs & derivatives/*blood/chemistry/immunology ; Insulin Antibodies/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Radioimmunoassay/instrumentation/*methods ; Recombinant Proteins/analysis/immunology/metabolism

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the possible role of Orphanin FQ (OFQ) in the regulation of hypo-thalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.

METHODSThe method of push-pull perfusion and radioimmuno-assay (RIA) were adopted to examine the secretory profile of GnRH in the median eminence (ME) in freely moving ovari-ectomized (OVX) rats after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of OFQ and/or [Nphe(1)]NC(1-13)NH(2) (NC13), a competitive antagonists of the opioid receptor-like 1 receptor (ORL1 receptor).

RESULTSGnRH release from ME significantly decreased from 40 min to 80 min after the administration of 20 and 200 nmol OFQ in OVX rats (P < 0.05). This inhibitory effect of 20 nmol OFQ could be abolished by pretreatment with equal dose of NC13. More interestingly, GnRH secretion from ME was increased markedly 60 min after icv injection of 100 and 200 nmol NC13 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results suggested central administration of OFQ could inhibit the release of GnRH in the ME of hypothalamus through ORL1 receptor, providing further in vivo evidence supporting the role of OFQ in the control of GnRH secretion.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Median Eminence ; metabolism ; Narcotic Antagonists ; Opioid Peptides ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; methods ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; metabolism ; Secretory Pathway ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology ; Wakefulness ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the change of the serum gastrin (GAS) and plasma motilin (MTL) levels as well as the gastric motility in gastric cancer patients after subtotal gastrectomy.

METHODSWe used radioimmunoassay method to detect the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in 39 healthy volunteers (control group) and 39 gastric cancer patients before and after gastrectomy (gastric cancer group). Electrogastrography (EGG) was measured at the same time points.

RESULTSThe levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer group before operation were significantly higher than those in control group (P = 0.000), and the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer stage II patients were also significantly higher than those in stage III patients (P <0.05). The levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL in gastric cancer group significantly decreased on the first post-operative day (P = 0.000), but returned to the pre-operative levels on the seventh post-operative day. The incidence of the abnormity of gastric motility in gastric cancer group on the seventh post-operative day was significantly higher than the pre-operation incidence (89.7% vs. 43.6%; chi2 = 18.692, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL transiently decreased in gastric cancer patients. Subtotal gastrectomy could affect the gastric motility in gastric cancer patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motilin ; blood ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and atrium natriuretic peptide(ANP)in chronic congestive heart failure.

METHODSOne hundred and eighteen coronary heart disease patients were enrolled in the study. Among them 78 patients were accompanied by heart failure and 40 with no heart failure. Plasma NT-proBNP was determined with Elecsys Chemiluminescence Immunoassay method, and plasma ANP was determined with radioimmunoassay method.The results were compared with those of 40 healthy individuals. All patients were followed up accordingly.

RESULTSCompared with patients with no heart failure and healthy individuals, the patients with heart failure had a higher plasma NT-proBNP and ANP contents(P<0.05). Cardiac function grade IV patients had a significantly higher plasma NT-proBNP than cardiac function grade II and III patients, and their plasma ANP level was significanthy higher than that of cardiac function grade III patients, but there was no significantly difference in ANP content between cardiac function grade IV and II.The diagnostic sensitivity of NT-proBNP and ANP was 91.25% and 73.46%, respectively. The diagnostic specificity of NT-proBNP and ANP was 90.25%, 80.33%, respectively. In the heart failure group, it was found that there was no significant difference in the plasma NT-proBNP and ANP between the deaths and surviving patients.

CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic value of NT-proBNP in chronic heart failure is higher than that of ANP. According to our follow- up result, the plasma NT-proBNP and ANP can not be relied up on to predict short -term cardiogenic death in heart failure.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; blood ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; chemically induced ; complications ; Female ; Heart Failure ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood ; Prognosis ; Radioimmunoassay ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulatory effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on basal and capsaicin-induced release of neuropeptide substance P (SP) in primary cultured embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

METHODSDRGs were dissected from 15-day-old embryonic Wistar rats. DRG neurons were dissociated and cultured, and then exposed to different concentrations of NGF (10 ng/mL, 30 ng/mL, or 100 ng/mL) for 72 h. The neurons cultured in media without NGF served as control. RT-PCR were used for detecting the mRNAs of SP and vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) in the DRG neurons. The SP basal and capsaicin (100 nmol/L)-induced release in the culture were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSSP mRNA and VR1 mRNA expression increased in primary cultured DRG neurons in a dose-dependent manner of NGF. Both basal release and capsaicin-evoked release of SP increased in NGF-treated DRG neurons compared with in control group. The capsaicin-evoked release of SP also increased in a dose-dependent manner of NGF.

CONCLUSIONNGF may promote both basal release and capsaicin-evoked release of SP. NGF might increase the sensitivity of nociceptors by increasing the SP mRNA or VR1 mRNA.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Ganglia, Spinal ; cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Nerve Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance P ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the method of extraction of sex hormone from antler velvet with supercritical CO2.

METHODSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract sex hormone from antler velvet and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to analyze the extracts. The chemical compositions in extracts were identified by GC-MS, TLC and HPLC, respectively.

RESULTThe experimental results indicated that the extraction yield was 1.56% when 85% ethanol was used as co-solvent at temperature of 65 degrees C and extraction pressure of 30 MPa. Estradiol and progesterone in the extracts were 3.07, 776.18 ng x g(-1) respectively.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to extract hormone from antler velvet with supercritical CO2.

Animals ; Antlers ; chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Estradiol ; isolation & purification ; Ethanol ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; isolation & purification ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Progesterone ; isolation & purification ; Radioimmunoassay