Objective: To investigate the relationship of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from 900 MHz cellphone frequency with testicular oxidative damage and its influence on the Prdx2 protein expression in the rat testis, and to explore the mechanism of Guilingji Capsules (GC) alleviating oxidative damage to the testis tissue. METHODS: Fifty healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, sham-EMR, 4-h EMR, 8-h EMR, 4-h EMR+GC and 8-h EMR+GC and exposed to 900 MHz EMR (370 μW/cm2) for 0, 4 or 8 hours daily for 15 successive days. The rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with GC suspension and those of the first three groups with pure water after exposure to EMR each day. After 15 days of exposure and treatment, all the rats were sacrificed and their testis tissue collected for observation of the histomorphological and ultrastructural changes by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy, measurement of the levels of serum glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with thiobarbiuric acid and determination of the Prdx2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the rats in the sham-EMR group, those in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups showed different degrees of histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the testis tissue, significantly decreased levels of GSH (［80.62 ± 10.99］ vs ［69.58 ± 4.18］ and ［66.17 ± 8.45］ mg/L, P < 0.05) and SOD (［172.29 ± 10.98］ vs ［158.92 ± 6.46］ and ［148.91 ± 8.60］ U/ml, P < 0.05) and increased level of MDA (［7.51 ± 1.73］ vs ［9.84 ± 1.03］ and ［11.22 ± 2.13］ umol/ml, P < 0.05), even more significantly in the 8-h than in the 4-h EMR group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the sham-EMR group, the expression of the Prdx2 protein was markedly downregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups (0.56 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.01, P < 0.05), but again upregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR+GC groups (0.55±0.03 and 0.37±0.04) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Electromagnetic radiation from cellphones can cause ultrastructural damage to the testis tissue of male rats, while Guilingji Capsules can alleviate it, presumably by upregulating the Prdx2 protein expression in the testis tissue and reducing testicular oxidative damage.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cell Phone ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Glutathione/blood* ; Male ; Malondialdehyde/blood* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxiredoxins/metabolism* ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase/blood* ; Testis/pathology* ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) on radiation-induced severe haemopoietic acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rhesus monkeys, so as to provide experimental evidences for the effective clinical treatment.

METHODSSeventeen rhesus monkeys were exposed to 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray total body irradiation (TBI) to establish severe haemopoietic ARS model, and were randomly divided into supportive care group, rhG-CSF+rhTPO treatment group and rhG-CSF+rhTPO+rhIL-2 treatment group. Survival time, general signs such as bleeding and infections, and peripheral blood cell counts in each group were monitored. Bone marrow cells were cultivated to examine the colony formation ability. The histomorphology changes of bone marrow were observed at 45 d post irradiation.

RESULTSAfter 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray TBI, monkeys of supportive care group underwent tarry stool and emesis, then died in 12~18 d. The overall survival rate in this group was 16.7%. Gastrointestinal reactions of monkeys in two combined-cytokines treatment groups were inapparent. Combined-cytokines treatment induced 100% survival. Complete blood cells declined sharply after irradiation in each group, but two combined-cytokines treatment schemes could elevate the nadir of all blood cells, shorten the duration of pancytopenia and accelerate the recovery of hemogram. Compared with rhG-CSF+ rhTPO treatment, rhG-CSF+ rhTPO+ rhIL-2 treatment could increase the counts of lymphocytes and monocytes. The colony-formation rate of haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow dropped markedly at 2 d after irradiation. Combined-cytokines treatment promoted the ability of colony formation on day 29. Hematopoietic cells mostly disappeared in bone marrow of animals in supportive care group, but hematopoietic functions were recovered after cytokines were administrated.

CONCLUSIONrhG-CSF+ rhTPO and rhG-CSF+ rhTPO+ rhIL-2 treatment can significantly promote hematopoiesis recovery, improve the quantity of life, simplify the supportive therapy, and enhance the survival rate of rhesus monkeys with severe haemopoietic ARS induced by 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray exposure. Especially the application of rhIL-2 can accelerate the recovery of lymphocytes and monocytes and restore the immunological function. Thus, combination of rhG-CSF, rhTPO and rhIL-2 on the basis of supportive care is an efficient strategy to treat severe haemopoietic ARS.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; Gamma Rays ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Radiation Injuries ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology ; Whole-Body Irradiation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment ( HJD) on oxidative stress in (60)Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.

METHODSFemale Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by (60)Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups (n=12 per group); the HJD-treated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-treated, Trolox-treated, and untreated groups, along with a negative control group. On the 11th and 21st days after treatment, 6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using spectrophotometric methods. The fibroblast mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed by western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the untreated group, the levels of SOD, MDA and LDH, on the 11th and 21st days after treatment showed significant difference (P<0.05). TEM analysis indicated that fibroblast mitochondria in the untreated group exhibited swelling and the cristae appeared fractured, while in the HJD group, the swelling of mitochondria was limited and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared more relaxed. The expressions of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 increased in the untreated group compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the expression of FGF-2, rhEGF and Trolox in the HJD group were significantly increased compared with the untreated group (P<0.05), or compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 showed significant difference between untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05). HJD and Trolox increased the level of TGF-β1 and the difference was marked as compared with the untreated and negative control groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHJD relieves oxidative stress-induced injury, increases the antioxidant activity, mitigates the fibroblast mitochondrial damage, up-regulates the expression of growth factor, and promotes mitochondrial repair in mice.

Animals ; Biological Products ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; Dermatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Ointments ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Radiation Injuries ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Modified Zhuye Shigao Decoction (MZSD) and its components on preventing radiation esophagitis of rats.

METHODSOne hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including the control group, radiation model group, MZSD group, Zhuye Shigao Decoction (ZSD) group, and added ingredients group, 20 rats in each group. The model of radiation esophagitis of rat was established by once local radiation of 40 Gy (330 Mu/min) with a high energy linear accelerator. The administration of Chinese medicine was continued for 14 days from 7 days before radiation application in the three treatment groups. On the 7th and 14th day, the serum was isolated and the levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-8 were tested. The pathological slices of esophagus were obtained, and the pathological changes were observed. During the whole process, weight and food intake were recorded each day.

RESULTSOn the 7th day after radiation, the esophagus of rats in the MZSD group was almost intact, and the pathological injury score was significantly lower than that of the radiation model group, ZSD group and added ingredients group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the body weight and food intake of rats in the radiation model group were significantly decreased, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the MZSD group showed a significant increase in body weight and food intake, and a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 compared with the radiation model group, ZSD group and added ingredients group (P <0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONMZSD prevents the development of radiation esophagitis probably by inhibiting the generation and release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Esophagitis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Esophagus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Feeding Behavior ; drug effects ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Male ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; drug effects ; Radiation Injuries ; drug therapy ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of an extract of Guipi Pill () against radiation-induced damage.

METHODSA total of 100 Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group (treated with radioprotective agent "523", 5 mg/kg at 24 h before irradiation) and two treatment groups, with 20 mice in each group. The extract of water extraction-alcohol precipitation (WAP) from Guipi Pill were administered orally to the mice in the two treatment groups at the dose of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively, for 6 days prior to whole body radiation (8 Gy). Fifty mice with 10 in each group were used to observe the survival rate 30 days after radiation. The other 50 mice with 10 in each group were sacrificed on day 10 after radiation (6 Gy) in order to take blood, liver and unilateral femur.

RESULTSPretreatment prior to irradiation with WAP resulted in a significantly higher 30-day survival rate of mice after exposure to a potentially lethal dose of 8-Gy radiation. WAP could significantly increase the total white blood cell count and DNA content of bone marrow, and it also increased the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue of mice, which were reduced by radiation treatment. Maleic dialdehyde level and bone marrow micronucleus rate were significantly reduced by WAP, which were increased after 6-Gy radiation.

CONCLUSIONWAP of Guipi Pill could increase the 30-day survival rate and the antioxidant capacity as well as protect bone marrow in mice. WAP of Guipi Pill is an effective radioprotective agent.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Chemical Precipitation ; DNA ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Leukocyte Count ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Male ; Mice ; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Survival Analysis ; Water

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of clarithromycin combined with tanshinone in the treatment of rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury induced by radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSA total of 255 NPC patients with rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury following radiotherapy were randomized into 3 groups for treatment with clarithromycin (group A, n=69), tanshinone (group B, n=69), and clarithromycin + tanshinone (group C, n=69), and the clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated.

RESULTSIn all the 3 groups the patients responded favorably to the treatments and showed obvious improvements (P<0.05). The therapeutic effects were similar between groups A and B (P>0.05), but the patients in group C showed the most obvious improvements (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSClarithromycin combined with tanshinone can be an effective regimen for treatment of rhinosinusal and laryngeal radiation injury induced by radiotherapy in NPC patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Clarithromycin ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Nose ; pathology ; Paranasal Sinuses ; pathology ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Radiation Injuries ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Yangyin Humo Decoction (YHD) on oral mucomembranous reaction in patients with head-neck tumor undergoing radiotherapy.

METHODSForty-Forty-two patients with head-neck tumor undergoing radiotherapy were randomized equally into two groups. The two conventional Western medical treatment was administered to all, including intravenous dripping of 2% lidocaine 20 mL, dexamethasone 5 mg, gentamycin 80,000 units, vitamin B(12) 5 mg, dissolved in saline 250 mL, and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution for gargling, but to the patients in the tested group, YHD was given additionally. The medication was started simultaneously all through the whole course of the radiotherapy. Patients were examined every day to observe and compare the degree, initiating time, and repairing time of their oral lesions; the dosage of radiation they received was recorded as well.

RESULTSThe degree of mucomembranous reaction that appeared in most patients in the test group was of grade 1-2, while in the control group, it was grade 2-3. The average time for oral lesion of 1, 2, 3 grades to be initiated in the test group was 12.0+/-1.1, 11.0+/-1.3 and 10.0+/-0.8 days, respectively, after radiation started, which was later than that in the control group (P<0.01). Moreover, the average repairing time for the lesions of grades 1, 2, and 3 in the test group was 3.0+/-0.7, 10.0+/-1.3 and 19.0+/-0.8 days, which were shorter than those in the control group respectively (P<0.01). The radiation applied on the primary tumor of patients with oral lesion of grade 1-3 in the test group was 24.2+/-2.2, 42.0+/-2.6 and 58.0+/-1.6 Gy on the average, respectively, which were higher than that applied on patients in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese herbal preparation YHD could alleviate oral mucomembranous reaction to radiation applied in patients with head-neck tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

Here, we report the case of a patient who sustained Nd: YAG laser macular injury with subsequent 6 year follow-up evaluation. A 23-year-old female was accidentally exposed to a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser without protective goggles. Upon initial evaluation, the best-corrected visual acuity of her affected eye was 20/100 OD. Fundoscopic examination revealed a macular laser burn and vitreous hemorrhage. Corticosteroids, in the form of 60 mg prednisolone, were administered orally with a 10 mg per week taper. Nineteen days following exposure, fundoscopic examination revealed a distinct epiretinal membrane which resolved within six months. The best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye remained 20/100 OD. This clinical course is similar to those of previously reported cases including vitreous hemorrhage and subsequent epiretinal membrane formation. However, visual acuity did not recover despite spontaneous regression of the epiretinal membrane and at 6 year follow-up, there was neither choroidal neovascularization nor macular hole formation.
Accidents ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State/*adverse effects ; Macula Lutea/*injuries ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; *Radiation Injuries/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity/radiation effects ; Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiology/pathology ; Young Adult

A 37-year-old female, who had received modified radical mastectomy for cancer of her right breast, presented with decreased visual acuity in the left eye after radiation therapy for the management of the metastasis to her right brain 14 months ago. After ocular examination, we diagnosed her as radiation retinopathy. At the time of the first visit, the corrected best visual acuity was 0.4 in the left eye, and fundus examination revealed cotton wool spots and cystoid macular edema (CME). The findings in the right eye were normal except for cotton wool spots in the superior major arch. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed marked telangiectasia and microaneurysms in her left eye but tiny microaneurysms in her right eye. Subsequent optical coherent tomography (OCT) showed CME. We injected intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Two weeks after treatment, the visual acuity was improved to 0.6 and the retinal thickness was decreased. Three months later, the visual acuity in the left eye was dropped to 0.3 due to the recurrence of CME, so we injected intravitreal TA again. Five months later, visual acuity was improved to 0.5 and OCT revealed the improvement of CME. The incidence of radiation retinopathy is higher in the side nearer to radiation, but careful radiation blocking is also required on the opposite side of irradiation site considering the possibility of radiation retinopathy and careful observation is required on both sides of the eyes when performing fundus examination.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*radiotherapy/secondary ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Radiation Injuries/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Retina/pathology/*radiation effects ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage