Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of kindergarten teach-ers'participation in training for preschool sex education in Luzhou city,and provide a basis for improving the sex education literacy of kindergarten teachers in the future.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling meth-od was adopted,and a questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 on the knowl-edge,attitude,and practice of preschool sex education among all the teachers in 24 kindergartens in Luzhou city.Results Among the 461 teachers,43.0％had participated in lectures/courses/training activities related to pre-school sex education;99.1％hoped to participate in lectures/courses/training activities related to preschool sex education;82.6％learned about child sexual knowledge through school education;75.5％expressed the hope to learn about child sexual knowledge through expert training.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that except private kindergartens as an inhibiting factor(OR=0.57,95％CI=0.37-0.87,P=0.008),high monthly income(OR=3.52,95％CI=1.13-9.30,P=0.011),more ways to know about sex education knowledge(OR=2.87,95％CI=1.76-4.70,P＜0.001),and social support(OR=1.58,95％CI=1.04-2.38,P=0.030)were promoting factors for teachers to participate in the training for preschool sex educa-tion.Conclusions The kindergarten teachers presented a participation rate but a high demand for the training for preschool sex education.They mainly obtain the sex education knowledge from school education.The nature of kindergarten,monthly income of teachers,social support situation,and ways of understanding sex education knowledge are the key factors influencing the teachers'participation in the training for preschool sex education.

【Objective】 To analyze the basic characteristics of whole blood donors from blood stations before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. 【Methods】 After excluding invalid data, data related to the basic characteristics of whole blood donors collected from 26 blood stations in China during 2018 to 2021 were statistically analyzed, including the trend of total whole blood donors, the number of repeated blood donors, the frequency of blood donation, the average age of donors and the recruitment of first-time blood donors. 【Results】 Affected by the epidemic, 8 out of 14 indicators were with large variations, accounting for 57%. The overall growth rate of total whole blood donors during the epidemic was higher than before the epidemic (P<0.05).The number of repeated blood donors has shown an increased trend, with a higher number during the epidemic than before (P<0.05). The frequency of blood donation was lower during the epidemic than before(P<0.05).Average ages of blood donors and female blood donors fluctuated widely during the epidemic, both higher than those before the epidemic(P<0.05).The donation rate of first-time blood donors <25 years old and ≥25 years old varied widely and irregularly during the epidemic (both P<0.05). The percentage of first-time blood donors fluctuated irregularly during the epidemic, with overall percentage lower than that before the epidemic(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Whole blood donors from 26 blood stations increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and some indicators in certain areas showed significant fluctuations during the epidemic.

Objective To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of dexmedetomidine in human plasma and investigate the effect of obstructive jaundice on pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in vivo. Methods Samples were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction. Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column was used for chromatograph with methanol and 0.1% formic acid-water solution as mobile phase. Flow rate was 0.2 ml/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃, and the MS detection was selected in MRM mode. Results The calibration curves of dexmedetomidine showed good linearity in the ranges of 0.01−10.00 ng/ml. The results of intra and inter-day precisions were both within 15%. The recovery rate was 85.5%−93.1%. Matrix effect was 91.2%−95.6%. Samples remained stable during analysis. Compared with the control group, c_max、AUC_(0−t)、AUC_(0−∞) and V_z of dexmedetomidine in the patients with obstructive jaundice were increased by 63.4%, 78.9, 66.4%, 82.5%, respectively (P<0.01). CLz was decreased by 42.1%. Conclusion This method is accurate, sensitive and reproducible. It is suitable for dexmedetomidine assay in human plasma. The elimination rate of dexmedetomidine is slower in obstructive jaundice.

Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of body mass index (BMI), blood lipid and fat soluble vitamin levels in patients with different types of severe preeclampsia.Methods:Sixty-eight pregnant women with severe preeclampsia who received antenatal examination in Lishui Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China from February 2017 to February 2019 were included in the study group. According to the onset time, the pregnant women were divided into an early onset group (≤ 34 weeks of gestation, n = 38) and a late onset group (> 34 weeks of gestation, n = 30). An additional 50 healthy pregnant women who concurrently received antenatal examination in the same hospital were included in the control group. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE) and vitamin D 3 (VD 3) were determined in all pregnant women. Logistic regression was used to analyze severe preeclampsia-related influential factors. Results:There were no significant differences in age, number of births and number of pregnancies among the three groups (all P > 0.05). BMI and serum levels of VA, VE, TC, TG, and LDL-C were (22.99 ± 4.39) kg/m 2, (0.48 ± 0.08) ng/mL, (11.91 ± 1.74) ng/mL, (4.93 ± 0.34) mmol/L, (1.57 ± 0.26) mmol/L, (2.68 ± 0.27) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.68 ± 3.68) kg/m 2, (0.40 ± 0.07) ng/mL, (10.32 ± 2.56) ng/mL, (4.12 ± 0.67) mmol/L, (1.25 ± 0.32) mmol/L, (2.15 ± 0.32) mmol/L, t = 3.725, 6.698, 4.352, 8.731, 6.282, 10.512, all P < 0.05]. Serum levels of HDL-C and VD 3 in the study group were (1.51± 0.32) mmol/L and (16.16 ± 2.37) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.88 ± 0.57) mmol/L, (17.86 ± 2.39) ng/mL, t = - 6.959, - 4.520, both P < 0.05]. BMI and serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VA and VE in the early onset group were (23.13 ± 4.13) kg/m 2, (5.05 ± 0.34) mmol/L, (1.62 ± 0.27) mmol/L, (2.95 ± 0.32) mmol/L, (0.52 ± 0.06) ng/mL, (12.16 ± 1.80) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 6.507, 17.462, 11.217, 16.593, 9.075 and 4.142, all P < 0.05). Serum levels of HDL-C and VD 3 in the early onset group were (1.43 ± 0.28) mmol/L and (15.76 ± 2.42) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 14.635, 5.871, both P < 0.05). BMI and serum levels of TC, TG and VE in the late onset group were (22.70 ± 4.32) kg/m 2, (4.67±0.32) mmol/L, (1.49 ± 0.25) mmol/L and (11.45 ± 1.61) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 5.821, 12.857, 8.059, 3.482, all P < 0.05). Serum level of VD3 in the late onset group was (16.72 ± 2.31) ng/mL, which was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.319, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and VA between late onset group and control group (all P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in BMI, and serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VA, VD 3 and VE between early onset and late onset groups (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis results revealed that BMI and serum levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VA, VD 3 and VE are independent influential actors of early onset severe preeclampsia ( P = 0.000, 0.008, 0.032, 0.043, 0.032, 0.002, 0.041, 0.009). BMI and serum levels of TG, TC, VD 3 and VE are independent influential actors of late onset severe preeclampsia ( P = 0.002, 0.016, 0.013, 0.031, 0.042). BMI, blood lipid and fat soluble vitamin in combination are of high value for the prediction of early onset severe preeclampsia (sensitivity 87.81% and specificity 76.67%), but they are not of high value for the prediction of late onset severe preeclampsia (sensitivity 52.51% and specificity 55.10%). Conclusion:BMI, serum lipid and fat soluble vitamin in combination are of high value in the prediction of early-onset severe preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Pain and cartilage destruction caused by osteoarthritis (OA) is a major challenge in clinical treatment.Traditional intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) can relieve the disease, but limited by the difficulty of longterm maintenance of efficacy. METHODS: In this study, an injectable and self-healing hydrogel was synthesized by in situ crosslinking of N-carboxyethyl chitosan (N-chitosan), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and hyaluronic acid–aldehyde (HA-ALD). RESULTS: This supramolecular hydrogel sustains good biocompatibility for chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of this novel hydrogel can significantly alleviate the local inflammation microenvironment in knee joints, through inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-17) in the synovial fluid and cartilage at 2- and even 12-weeks post-injection. Histological and behavioral test indicated that hydrogel injection protected cartilage destruction and relieved pain in OA rats, in comparison to HA injection. CONCLUSION This kind of novel hydrogel, which is superior to the traditional HA injection, reveals a great potential for the treatment of OA.

BACKGROUND: Pain and cartilage destruction caused by osteoarthritis (OA) is a major challenge in clinical treatment.Traditional intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) can relieve the disease, but limited by the difficulty of longterm maintenance of efficacy. METHODS: In this study, an injectable and self-healing hydrogel was synthesized by in situ crosslinking of N-carboxyethyl chitosan (N-chitosan), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), and hyaluronic acid–aldehyde (HA-ALD). RESULTS: This supramolecular hydrogel sustains good biocompatibility for chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of this novel hydrogel can significantly alleviate the local inflammation microenvironment in knee joints, through inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-17) in the synovial fluid and cartilage at 2- and even 12-weeks post-injection. Histological and behavioral test indicated that hydrogel injection protected cartilage destruction and relieved pain in OA rats, in comparison to HA injection. CONCLUSION This kind of novel hydrogel, which is superior to the traditional HA injection, reveals a great potential for the treatment of OA.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of propylthiouracil in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and provide methodological basis for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and bioequivalence test (BE) in clinical. Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent SB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase was methanol and water containing 0.1% formic acid (80∶20, V/V), isocratic elution. MS condition was optimized in the positive ion detection mode by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), along with the Agilent JetStream electrospray source interface (AJS-ESI). The precursors to the product ion transitions were m/z 171.1→112.1 for propylthiouracil and m/z 176.1→117.0 for the internal standard (IS). Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10−5 000 ng/ml for propylthiouracil in human plasma, r=0.999 3. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were good (RSD<10%，RE<±10%). The matrix effect of different concentrations was less than 110% and the coefficient of variation was less than 5%. The average recovery of different concentrations was 101.60%−113.56%, which conformed with the requirement of methodological validation. Conclusion The method is rapid, sensitive and accurate, which can be used for the determination of propylthiouracil in human plasma.

Objective: To investigate the effect of space glucose control (SGC) on the quality of blood glucose management in ICU patients with stress hyperglycemia. Methods: A prospective, cross-controlled, quasi-trial was conducted to observe patients with ICU-induced stress hyperglycemia between January 2018 and January 2019. Patients with conventional blood glucose management served as the control group, and SGC blood glucose management was used as the intervention group. The enrolled patients were interchanged between the two groups every 24 h, and the end point was 96 h. The differences in blood glucose management quality indicators between the two groups were compared, including the average blood glucose level, the highest and lowest blood glucose level, the average blood glucose monitoring interval, and the accumulated insulin dosage. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. The paired t test was used for the normal distributed data. Otherwise, two nonparametric correlation sample tests was used. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 41 patients enrolled in this study during the study period. The average blood glucose value in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(8.60 ±1.42)mmol/L vs (10.02 ±1.49)mmol/L, P< 0.01]. The frequency of hyperglycemia was lower than that of the control group (16.59 ±8.56 vs 18.73 ±7.91, P=0.023). The frequency of blood glucose value in the target blood glucose range was significantly higher than that of the control group (53.07±19.11 vs 29.44±19.60, P< 0.01). However, the frequency of hypoglycemia, the frequency of blood glucose monitoring and the accumulated insulin dosage in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group [1 (0, 5) vs 0 (0, 2), P< 0 01; 1 36 ±0 23 vs 1 89 ±0 28, P< 0.01; and (139.61 ±77.06)U vs (107.49 ±64.41)U, P<0.01]. Conclusions SGC can optimize the control of blood glucose in the target blood glucose range, but it can easily lead to mild hypoglycemia, and to a certain extent increases the workload of medical staff.

Objective To discuss and compare the clinical characteristics and difference of full-term and preterm neonatal purulent meningitis(NPM),for early diagnosis and reasonable treatment.Methods 72 newborns with NPM were collected.According to the gestational age,33 cases were divided into the full-term group(37-42 weeks) and 39 cases were divided into the preterm group (＜37 weeks).The clinical data,symptoms and signs,the related infection,the lab tests of blood and cerebrospinal fluid and pathogenic examination were analyzed and compared.Results The sex,the day age of hospital admission and onset between the two groups were no difference(P＞0.05).The rate of low-birth weight infant was 6.1％,which was significantly lower than preterm neonates(59.0 ％)(P＜0.05).The mainly clinical manifestations of full-term newborns with NPM were fever(75.8 ％),convulsions (45.5％),poor response(78.8％),and poor eating milk(45.5％).But the mainly clinical manifestations of preterm neonates with NPM were jaundice(30.8 ％),apnea(20.5 ％) and lower muscular tension(61.5 ％).There were 17 cases(51.5 ％) with NPM combined with septicemia in the full-term group,which was more than preterm neonates(20.5 ％)(P＜0.05).According to the results of the lab tests,18 full-term neonates (54.5 ％) with NPM with increased CRP levels were more than preterm neonates (28.2 ％) (P＜0.05).Besides,the preterm NPM neonates showed higher protein levels (2.35 ± 0.78) g/L and lower glucose(1.84 ±0.69) mmol/L in cerebrospinal fluid than these in the full-term group(P＜0.05).However,there was only 2 full-term NPM neonate with a positive cerebrospinal fluid culture,and 15 patients with a positive blood culture(8 full-term neonates and 7 preterm neonates).Conclusion Because of the atypical clinical characteristics and difference between the full-term neonates and the preterm neonates,the clinical symptoms and signs of neonates should be closely monitored.Therefore,it's suggested that the early diagnosis and reasonable treatment be a key plan for the low mortality and disability.

Objective To investigate intradermal injection and subcutaneous injection of Gadodiamide MR lymphangiography (MRL) in evaluation on the central conducting lymphatics in rabbits.Methods T1 weighted three-dimendional fast low angle shot (fl3d) sequence was used before and after administration of Gadodiamide to undertake MRL.Gadodiamide was administed intrademally in the left and right footpad in 8 rabbits,and then undertake MRL in 1.5T MRI system (intradermal injection group).Three days later,Gadodiamide was administered subcutaneously in the left and right footpad in 8 rabbits,and MRL were underdone with the same sequence (subcutaneous injection group).The degree of contrast enhancement within the lumbar lymphatic trunk and thoracic duct were evaluated using a 3-point scoring system.Results Intradermal injection group showed the popliteal lymph nodes,sacral lymph node and inferior aortic lymph node enhanced obviously in all 8 rabbits,and the enhancement duration time was about 30 90 mini the lumbar lymphatic trunk and cisterna chyli were detected in 6 rabbits,and part of the thoracic duct were detected in 5 rabbits.Subcutaneous injection group showed the popliteal lymph nodes enhanced obviously in all 8 rabbits,but the lumbar lymphatic trunk and the thoracic duct were not detected.The score of contrast enhancement within the lymphatic system of intradermal injection group and subcutaneous injection group had statistical difference (t=100.00,P=0.0002).Conclusion MRL with intradermal injection Gadodiamide are better than subcutaneous injection in evaluation of the lumbar lymphatic trunk.