Objective To investigate the changes in intestinal flora in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and related influencing factors. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 16 patients with ECC who were hospitalized and treated in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January to December 2020, and absolute quantitative bacterial 16S rRNA was used for sequencing. A comparison was made with 20 patients with common bile duct stones (CBDS group) and 10 healthy controls (normal group), and the three groups were compared in terms of the differences in intestinal flora and the association with clinical indices. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed data with homogeneity of variance between the three groups, the t -test was used for comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed data between the three groups, and the Nemenyi test was used for comparison between groups. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between the three groups, and a Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate correlation. Results The ECC group had significantly higher levels of total bilirubin (TBil) and direct bilirubin (DBil) than the CBDS group and the normal group. The α diversity analysis showed that there were no significant differences in observed species, Chao1 Index, and Shannon Index between the three groups (all P > 0.05), while there were significant differences in Shannon Index and Simpson Index between the three groups. The ECC group had a similar species diversity to the normal group and a significantly greater species diversity than the CBDS group ( P < 0.05), and the CBDS group had a significantly greater species diversity than the normal group ( P < 0.05). The β diversity analysis showed that the structure of intestinal flora in the ECC group was significantly different from that in the normal group and the CBDS group ( P < 0.05). The analysis of the difference in bacterial composition showed that Prevotella , Lactobacillus , Megasphaera , and Sutterella were significantly enriched in the ECC group. The correlation analysis showed that Prevotella was negatively correlated with the use of antibiotics, acid inhibitors, and liver-protecting drugs, and Lactobacillus , Megasphaera , and Sutterella were positively correlated with TBil and DBil. Conclusion There is a significant change in intestinal flora in patients with ECC, which is closely associated with liver function and the use of drugs.

Objective: To investigate the expression and role of LINC00052 during glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) -induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells. Methods: Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were divided into GMA transformation group and corresponding DMSO control group, and the 10th, 20th and 30th generation cells of each group were collected LncRNA microarrays were used to analysis expression of LINC00052 in different stage of malignant transformation. Bioinformatics analysis was applied and the relative expression of LINC00052 and its potentially target genes was detected by real-time quantification PCR (qPCR) . Results: The results of microarray analysis showed that LINC00052 was up-regulated by 1.32-fold, down-regulated by 1.64-fold and down-regulated by 4.92-fold in the malignant transformation early (P10) , middle term (P20) and late (P30) , respectively, The results of qPCR showed that compared with the DMSO control group, the expression of LINC00052 was up-regulated by 1.55 times, down-regulated by 1.20 times and down-regulated by 2.35 times in P10, P20 and P30, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . There was a statistically significant difference in the relative expression of NTRK3 between the GMA transformation group of P10 and P30 generations with the corresponding DMSO control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion LINC00052 is highly expressed in early time of GMA-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE, and down-regulated in the middle and last stage of malignant transformation and may play a protective role in GMA-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE by influencing the expression of its target gene NTRK3.

High-affinity α-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from Cichorium glundulosum Boiss.et Hout seed (CGS) extract by ultra-filtration affinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and molecular docking.By taking 4-nitrobenzene-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate and acarbose as positive control to evaluate the inhibitory activity of CGS extract, IC50 of acarbose and CGS extract were 0.003 mg/mL and 0.447 mg/mL, respectively.Meanwhile, 4 compounds from CGS extract by UF-LC-MS were screened and identified.Then by using autodock software, the compounds that combined with α-glucosidase were well screened out, including chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A.The inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid A against α-glucosidase was verified in vitro.The results showed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds toward α-glucosidase presented the sequence of acarbose>isochlorogenic acid A>chlorogenic acid.The inhibition rate of isochlorogenic acid A was close to acarbose.The experimental results illustrated that UF-LC-MS and molecular docking could be used to screen high affinity enzyme inhibitors from CGS.

Objective To study the effect of electroacupuncture on the behavior of APP/PS1 transgenic mice of different age, and to explore the optimal intervention time of electroacupuncture in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice of 4 months, 6 months and 9 months old, 20 in each age group, were randomized into a model group and an electroacupuncture group, and ten C57BL/6 wild-type mice were taken as a control group; after 6-week electroacupuncture treatment, the Morris water maze was adopted for spatial memory and behavioral test, and the changes of behavior in each group were observed.Result Of the 5-month-old mice, there were no significant between-group differences (P>0.05), while the time factor (day) produced a statistical significance (P<0.01); of the 7-month-old mice, there were significant differences considering the different groups, time factor and interaction (P<0.01); of the 10-month-old mice, there were significant differences considering the different groups, time factor and interaction (P<0.05). The spatial probe test showed that there were significant between-group differences in comparing the platform crossings and swimming distance in platform quadrant in each age group (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can improve the learning and memory of APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice, the age of 6-7 months old is possibly the optimal intervention time of electroacupuncture for AD, but there still requires further mechanism studies.

Objective: To investigate Oxidative damage effects induced by CdTe Quantum Dots (QDs) in mice. Methods: 40 ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: one control group (normal saline) ; four CdTe QDs (exposed by intravenous injection of 0.2 ml of CdTe QDs at the concentration of 0、0.5、5.0、50.0 and 500.0 nmol/ml respectively) . After 24 h, the mice were decapitated and the blood was collected for serum biochemically indexes、hematology indexes, the activities of SOD、GSH-Px and the concentration of MDA were all detected. Results: The results showed in the four CdTe QDs exposure groups, the level of CRE、PLT and the concentration of MDA were all significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) ; the activities GSH-Px in 50.0 and 500.0 nmol/ml CdTe QDs group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.01) . Conclusion It was suggested that CdTe QDs at 0.5 nmol/ml could induce Oxidative damage effects in mice.

As the nerve regeneration has been researched more and more, nerve regeneration related signaling pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI) comes into the view. Inhibiting apoptosis signaling pathways may reduce the apoptosis, inflammation and nerve degenera-tion after SCI. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and there was interaction among the four subordinate pathways. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway does not only participate in the body cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, but also in the process of inflammatory and oxidative stress in the body. It has been found that blocking the Wnt signaling pathway after inju-ry in the central nervous system would inhibit neural axon regeneration. Exogenous Wnt3a can increase the number of neurons after SCI and promote the axon conduction and nerve function. Inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway after SCI can signif-icantly reduce neuronal loss, cell death and well promote the functional recovery. When Notch signaling pathways are activated, neural stem cells proliferate actively and differentiation are inhibited, and stem cells enter the stage of differentiation as the pathway inhibited. Activa-tion of Ras homolog gene/Rho associated coiled coil forming protein kinase (Rho/ROCK) signaling pathways leads to the collapse of the growth cone, inhibition of axon regeneration, whereas the selective inhibition of Rho can promote axon regeneration and recovery of motor function after SCI.

AIM:To study the protective effect of aqueous extract of 2-branched and 3-branched velvet antler on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice .METHODS:The mouse model of renal injury was induced by intra-gastric administration of CDDP at the dose of 15 mg/kg.After treatment, kidney index (KI), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in the kidney were determined .The renal pathological changes were observed with HE staining.RESULTS:Aqueous extract of velvet antler at the tested dose markedly decreased BUN , SCr and the content of MDA, and elevated the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the mice pretreated with CDDP ( P<0.05) .The pathological chan-ges of the renal tissues were improved obviously , and the injury of the epithelial cells of renal tubules was mitigated .The effect of the aqueous extract of 2-branched velvet antler on renal function and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was better than that of 3-branched one at the same concentration .CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of 2-branched and 3-branched velvet antler has a certain protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity , which may be associated with in-creasing the anti-oxidative capability of mouse renal tissue .

Objective To explore the effect of Governor Vessel electroacupuncture in different time points on motor function and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) after spinal cord injury. Methods A total of 180 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (one day, three days and seven days after modeling), and each group was divided into normal control group, normal electroacupuncture group, sham operation group, model group and Governor Vessel electroacupuncture group with 12 cases in each group. The spinal cord injury model was established with the modified Allen's method. The normal electroacupuncture group and the Governor Vessel electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture on Dazhui (DU14) and Mingmeng (DU04) acupoints. Basso-Beattic-Bresnahan (BBB) Scale was performed to assess the motor function of rats. The expression of p75NTR was detected with Western blotting. Results The BBB score of the model group and the Governor Vessel electroacupuncture group were significantly lower than that of the other three groups. The BBB score was significantly higher in the Governor Vessel electroacupuncture group than in the model group seven days after intervention (t=-4.510, P<0.001). The expression of p75NTR was siginificantly lower in the Governor Vessel electroacupuncture group than in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of p75NTR increased after spinal cord injury. Governor Vessel electroacupuncture could improve the motor function, and inhibit the p75NTR expression of damaged spinal cord tissues.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML) methylation status at different stages of malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells induced by Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) and to explore the effect of OPCML methylation in the process of malignant transformation.

METHODSCells were harvested at different stages (the 10th generation, the 20th generation and the 30th generation). To verify the Methylation chip result of OPCML methylation status in the process of malignant transformation, we detected it by methylation-specific-PCR (MSP); Real-time fluorescence Quantitative PCR (qPCR) were applied to measure the gene expression levels of OPCML at different transformed stage, and compared with the control groups (treated with DMSO).

RESULTSBased on the result of methylation chip, the gene of OPCML methylation occurred in all stages, which was consistent to the result of MSP; qPCR showed that the levels of gene expression decreased in the 20th generation and 30th generation.

CONCLUSIONMethylation status of OPCML gene promoter could be considered as a stable and specific biomarker in the transformation process.

Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; chemically induced ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Methylation ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Epoxy Compounds ; adverse effects ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; adverse effects ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Objective To observe the operation process implementation and the therapeutic effect of interventional therapy for the superior mesenteric artery thrombosis.Methods 21 cases with superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis who had the diagnosis and clinical treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 21 cases,19 cases had obvious risk factors,and their early symptoms and signs were not consistent.The artery angiography showed that 17 cases had superior mesenteric artery thrombosis,2 cases had ileum arterial thrombosis,2 cases had inferior mesenteric arterial thrombosis.All surgeries were performed successfully.The length of hospital stay was 10 14 days with an average of 11 days.After interventional treatment,the symptom of abdominal pain had obvious remission.The follow-up period was 12 to 36 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusions The diagnosis of mesenteric arterial thrombosis is difficult.Mesenteric arterial thrombosis needs the early diagnosis and timely interventional treatment.