Objective To investigate the feasibility of utilizing visceral abdominal adiposity tissue (VAT) volume quantification using MRI to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Forty-eight subjects including 15 T2DM (T2DM group),17 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT,IGT group) and 16 normal glucose tolerance (NGT,NGT group) were enrolled in this study.All subjects underwent upper abdominal iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least square estimation-image quantification (IDEAL-IQ) MRI scanning.VAT volume of the second and third lumber vertebral body ranges (VATV L2,VATV L3),sum of VATV L2 and L3 (total VATV),hepatic and pancreatic fat were measured in fat fraction mapping of T1WI IDAEL-IQ sequence on post-processing workstation.The accuracy of predicting T2DM using VAT was evaluated by Logistic regression equation via ROC curve.Results The mean of VATV L2,VATV L3 and total VATV in T2DM group were significantly higher than those of IGT group and NGT group (P＜0.05),while there were no significant difference of these metrics between IGT group and NGT group (P＞0.05).Taking 460.34 ml as the cut-off value for VATV L2 to predict T2DM,sensitivity was 73.33％,specificity was 75.76％ and accuracy was 75.00％,respectively.Taking 429.46 ml as the cut-off value for VATV L3 to predict T2DM,sensitivity was 86.67％,specificity was 72.73％ and accuracy was 77.08％,respectively.Taking 887.83 ml as the cut-off value for total VATV to predict T2DM,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 86.67％,72.73％ and 77.08％,respectively.Only VATV L3 was enrolled by Logistic regression equation (P=0.01,OR=1.01),and the sensitivity,specificity and total accuracy of prediction for T2DM were 80.00 ％,88.20 ％,and 84.40 ％,respectively.Conelnsion It is feasible to utilize VAT volume quantification with MRI to predict T2DM.VATV L3 is a better predictor.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the single energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR) algorithm with a 320 multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) volume scanner in patients with knee tumor prostheses.Methods From November 2015 to March 2016,23 consecutive patients with knee tumor prostheses who underwent a 320-MSCT scan were collected.And the raw data were reconstructed using two different methods:conventional iterative reconstruction (IR) alone and IR associated with SEMAR.The ROI were objectively and subjectively assessed at osteotomy level and articular level,and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for them.Results Compared with IR,objectively,artifact index (AI) values of the osteotomy level decreased 44.8％ to 74.1％ and that of the articular level decreased 73.2％ to 93.2％;subjectively,the scores of image quality of two levels were increased 0.5 to 2.0 scores and 1.0 to 4.0 scores by SEMAR respectively.The objective and subject image quality of periprosthetic structures were all significantly improved by the SEMAR algorithm (P＜0.05).Conclusion The SEMAR algorithm significantly reduced the metal artifact of knee tumor prostheses,improved the image quality of periprosthetic structures and may increase diagnostic confidence of prosthetic complications in patients with modular knee tumor prostheses,especially at the osteotomy level.

Objective To explore the value of small surface coil combine with three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession and fat-suppression (3D-FISP-FS) sequence in displaying intra-parotid facial nerves segment and parotid ducts.Methods The parotid regions of 18 healthy volunteers who were excluded any parotid diseases were scanned by head&neck coil (36 sides) and 4 cm small surface coil (32 sides) combined with 3D-FISP-FS sequence prospectively. The obtained original
images were treated through MIP, MPR and CPR, The MRI signal characteristics of parotid region structure, the subjective score of image quality, the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of facial nerve/parotid tissue (SIR N) and parotid duct/parotid tissue (SIRD) was calculated, and the displaying rates of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were observed. Wilcoxon matched-samples signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of head&neck coil and small coil 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, paired t test was used to compare SIRN, SIRD of the two groups, Chi-square test was used to compare of the displaying rate of the facial nerves and parotid ducts in two groups. Results Eighteen volunteers were successfully performed MRI scan of parotid gland. On 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, the parotid gland was showed slightly low signal intensity, muscle tissue was showed medium signal intensity, the vessels were showed slightly high or high signal, parotid segment of facial nerve was showed tortuous line-like high signal intensity, and parotid duct was showed curve high signal intensity, lymph nodes were showed kidney shaped, oval or spindle shaped high signal intensity structures. The subjective scores for head and neck coil and coil images were (2.0 ± 0.9) and (1.5 ± 0.7) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.714, P=0.007), image quality of small coil group was better than that of head and neck coil group. The SIRN of the two groups was 1.7±0.8 and 2.1± 1.2 respectively, and the SIRD was 1.8±0.7 and 2.5±1.7 respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t value was 2.978, 2.427 respectively, P value was 0.006, 0.031 respectively).All facial nerve trunks could be displayed by head and neck coil and small coil. On head and neck coil images, 25 sides of temporofacial truck, 15 sides of cervicofacial truck, 17 sides of temporofacial branches, 11 sides of cervicofacial branches, 16 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed. On small coil images, 30 sides of temporofacial truck, 28 sides of cervicofacial truck, 26 sides of temporofacial branches, 23 sides of cervicofacial branches, 27 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed, which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Small surface coil performed better in parotid MR imaging with 3D-FISP-FS sequence than that of head and neck coil, which can simultaneous clearly display the trunk and branches of the intra-parotid facial nerves and parotid ducts.

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of different sizes of MR small surface coil.Methods A water phantom with NiSO4· 6H2O for Siemens was scanned with 4 cm,7 cm and 11 cm small surface coils in Siemens 3.0 T MR system.T1WI,T2WI,three dimensional reversed fast imaging with steady state precession with diffusion-weighted(3D-PSIF-DWI) and three dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession and fat suppression(3D-FISP-FS) images were obtained.The imaging area,signal intensity (SI),standard deviation (SD) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variations of different depths (from the near to the distant) were measured and compared.Curves according to the SI and SNR data were draw.SI and SNR characteristics of images obtained by L11 separately and used together with spine matrix coil were compared by using signed rank sum test.Results The signal intensity of images scanned by 4 cm,7 cm small surface coil decreased gradually in the depth of 0.2 to 2.2 cm,maintain good signal uniformity in the depth of 2.2 to 4.2 cm,and the signal intensity obtained by 11 cm coil maintain good signal uniformity in the depth of 5.2 cm.The optimum imaging widths of 4 cm,7 cm and 11 cm coil were about 7.0,8.5 and 11.0 cm.As the diameter of the coil increased,the imaging width and depth increased,but the received noise also increased.The SNR gradually reduced from the center to the edge of the coils.The imaging area increased but the local SNR decreased when using L11 coil combine with spine matrix coil,which showed a statistically significant difference (Z=-2.354,P=0.019).Conclusions A suitable size of small surface coil should be chosen according to the location and size of the organ or lesion before clinical MR examination.Other coils should be turned off to improve the SNR.

Diagnostic Imaging Pediatric bone and joint system was a sub-branch of professional courses.The content was more difficult and learners were not relaxed to master the knowledge alone.It was easy,across time and space,resource sharing and interactive to operate on blackboard teaching platform.We can better accomplish teaching and learning task with pediatric bone and joint diagnostic imaging online course constructed by blackboard platform.

Objective To investigate the effect of imaging parameters and postprocessing methods on the quality of MR imaging of short T2 components with 3D ultrashort TE (UTE) double echo pulse sequence. Methods 3D UTE double echo pulse sequence was performed on dry human femoral specimen and the tibial diaphyses, knee joints, and tendons of ankles of a group of healthy volunteers. To investigate the effect of different trajectory delays of the imaging system(-6, -3, -2, - 1,0, 1,2, 3 s), different flip angles(4°, 8°, 12°, 16°, 20°, 24°), different TEs (0. 08, 0. 16, 0. 24, 0. 35 ms)and different postprocessing methods(difference imaging of subtracted volume and non-volume UTE)on the 3D UTE MR imaging quality, the SNR and CNR were calculated and compared, and the artifacts of the images were analysed. Results The cortical bone, periosteum, tendon and meniscus showed high signal intensity on the images of UTE pulse sequence. The best SNR was acquired with 2 s trajectory delay. The best flip angle was 8° to 12° for the human UTE imaging in vivo. The highest CNR was obtained from the TE of 0. 08 ms. The longer the TE was, the more artifacts appeared. The SNR of difference imagewas improved when image subtraction was performed afer multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of the primary double echo images.Conclusions The short T2 components show high signal intensity on the MRI of 3D UTE double echo pulse sequence. The imaging quality can be improved by shortening TE, using appropriate flip angle and performing subtraction for difference image after MPR of the primary double echo images.

Objective To synthesize the hydrophobic supraparamagnetic ironic oxide(SPIO) loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles and to investigate the feasibility of using hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles to display the tumor in MRI in vivo through animal experiments. Methods The polymeric nano-vesicles were prepared from poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) by a multiple emulsion/solvent evaporation method.The hydrophobic SPIO and hydrophilic SPIO were loaded in the polymeric nano-vesicles respectively.Eighteen nude mice models with human colorectal carcinoma xenograft were established. They were divided equally into three groups (n = 6). The three groups of nude mice models were injected with water-soluble SPIO, hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle via the mice caudal vein respectively.Dynamic MRI scan were performed in all the mice models. T2WI signal intensity and T2 relaxation time were measured in the tumor, liver and muscle by using T2 mapping software. ANOVA of repeated measurement was used to analyze if there were significant differences of signal intensity changes among the three groups, while Bonferroni method was used for pair-wise comparison. Results On T2 WI, tumors showed decrease in signal intensity after hydrophobic or hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicle injection, while no signal intensity decrease was found in the tumor after water-soluble SPIO administration. The maximum percentage of signal intensity decrease in tumor caused by hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle were 11.00%, 11.40%, respectively. There was statistical significant difference of signal intensity changes among these three groups (F = 10. 96, P ＜ 0. 01). The decrease in signal intensity in the groups with hydrophilic or hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles injection were more pronounced as compared with that of water-soluble SPIO (P ＜ 0. 05), but there was no significant difference in signal intensity decrease between the groups of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPIO-loaded polymeric vesicles injection (P ＞0. 05). The three agents could lead to signal intensity decrease in the liver. The maximum percentage of signal intensity decrease in liver caused by water-soluble SPIO, hydrophobic SPIO loaded and hydrophilic SPIO loaded vesicle were 32. 85%, 52. 77%, 56. 89%, respectively. There was statistical significant difference between these groups (F = 161.18, P ＜ 0. 01) . The groups of injecting hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles had the more obvious signal decrease than the one with water-soluble SPIO (P ＜ 0. 01). Hydrophilic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles exhibited more signal intensity decrease than hydrophobic SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles (P ＜ 0. 01). All three agents could not lead to T2WI signal decrease in the muscle, and there was no significant difference in signal change on T2 WI among three groups (F = 0. 59, P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion SPIO loaded polymeric nano-vesicles can cause significant T2WI signal loss in human colonic carcinoma on MR imaging in vivo. It can be used as tumor imaging contrast agents.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the blood flow values generated from MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging and pathologic indicators of angiogenesis including microvascular density (MVD) counts and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit soft tissue. Methods VX2 tumor was inoculated in the muscular tissue of right posterior limbs of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits ,on which arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging was performed by using flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery pulse sequence 3 to 4 weeks later. Arterial spin labeling images were transferred to an independent computer for post-processing and blood flow (BF) maps were generated from them. BF values were measured in 2-4 regions of interest (ROIs) for each tumor. The rabbits were sacrificed after MR imaging. The gross specimens of tumors were obtained and tumor tissues were taken from the non-necrotic regions corresponding to ROIs on BF maps. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens was performed by using CD31 monoclonal antibody to calculate MVD counts, using VEGF antibody to calculate VEGF expression levels. Correlation between BF values and MVD counts as well as between BF values and VEGF expression levels was evaluated using Spearman correlative analysis.Results On BF maps, viable tumor tissues showed high BF values compared with muscle, but there were areas without blood perfusion in some tumors. Under microscope, the microvessels positively stained by CD31 appeared as light brown areas, and the cells positively staied by VEGF showed reddish brown areas within their cytoplasm. Totally 39 pieces of VX2 tumor tissue were analyzeed There was a significant positive correlation between the BF values(M =6. 4 ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ) and MVD counts(M =6. 8) (r = 0. 906,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and no significant correlation between BF values and VEGF expression levels ( M = 8％ ) ( r =0. 116, P=0.483). Conclusion BF value can be used in evaluating angiogenesis of soft tissue tumor through its reflection of MVD counts, and thus may be helpful in evaluating the prognosis of soft tissue tumor and making plan for their treatment.

Objectiye To measure longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2 ) relaxation time of metabolites in m. soleus (SOL) and m. tibialis anterior TA of healthy volunteers at 3.0 T through 1H-MRS and optimize measurement protocols. Methods Altogether 24 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. All subjects signed a letter of informed consent. After divided into 2 groups randomly by the table of random number, 1H-MRS measurements with stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence were undertaken in SOL and TA separately. Progressive saturation method was used for T1 measurement. Spectra with 8 different TRs (770,900,1000, 1100,1200,1500,2000 and 3000ms ) were acquired with TE=20 ms.T2 time was measured by changing TE. Altogether 8 TEs (20,30,45,60,90,135,200 and 270 ms) were used with TR = 3000 ms. Metabolites' concentration was calculated through T1 and T2 correction using water as internal reference. The t test was used for statisties. Results Altogether 22 groups of data were gained ( 12 for SOL, 10 for TA ) . T1 value of water, Creatine-CH3 ( Cr3 ), Trimethyl amonium ( TMA ),extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in SOL were ( 1384. 0 ± 36. 9 ),( 1064. 0 ± 167.0), (964. 2 ± 144. 0 ), ( 373.0 ± 46. 8 ), ( 374. 7 ± 20. 6) ms respectively and T2 value were (26.5 ±1.2), (100.2±19.3), (149. 1 ±32.7), (81.4±5.2), (84.7±4.2) ms. InTA T1 value of water, Cr3, TMA, EMCL, and IMCL were ( 1307. 0 ± 24.4), (945.7 ± 132. 0), (968.3 ± 127. 0),(372. 7 ± 39. 2), (412. 8 ±80. 2) ms respectively and T2 value were (27. 1 ± 0. 9), (135.3 ± 18. 2 ),(62.1 ± 6. 0), ( 84. 3 ± 4. 0 ), ( 90. 7 ± 3.2 ) ms. After corrected by the calculated relaxation times, the concentrations of Cr3 in SOL and TA were (33. 1 ± 3.7) and (31.7 ± 3. 1 ) mmol/kg respectively, TMA (35.2±3.2) and (32.9 ±5.2) mmol/kg, EMCL (12.2 ±5.0) and (8.9 ±4.9) mmol/kg, IMCL (9. 0 ± 2. 4) and (3.0 ± 0. 8 ) mmoL/kg. IMCL in TA was much lower than SOL with statistical significant ( t = 8. 044, P < 0. 01 ), the difference between other metabolites were not statistically significant( t = 0. 926,1. 264, 1. 542, P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Accurate relaxation time was measured at 3.0 T of the metabolites in skeletal muscles of healthy adult human. After corrected by the relaxation times, the absolute concentrations calculated were consistent with the reported results. Quantitative knowledge of muscle NMR relaxation time was a prerequisite for absolute quantification of metabolites using the 1H-MRS and also was useful for optimizing measurement protocols.

Objective To investigate the application of CT in the diagnosis of cardiac lipoma.Methods Retrospective analysis of 6 patients with cardiac lipoma confirmed by operation and pathology was done. Four patients had singles slice electron beam CT plain and contrast and movie scan. Two patients had 64-slice CT plain and enhanced scan. Results (1) One patient was isolated intracavitary lipoma in the right artium, 1 patient was isolated intrapericardial lipoma and 4 patients were intramural lipomas. Of the 4 intramural lipoma, 2 were infiltrative lipomas located in the left ventricle wall or the right ventricle and septum, 2 patients were isolated in the atrio-ventricular septums. (2) CT and three-dimensional reconstruction could depict the location, shape, size, margin and characteristic fat density of lipoma,indicating the diagnosis and classifications. The displacement of coronary artery, pulmonary inflammation and effusions of pericardium and pleural cavity could also be revealed. Conclusion Cardiac lipoma can be accurately diagnosed and classified by CT.