BACKGROUND:Pyroptosis participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes,synovial inflammation and pain,and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.In addition,exercise can inhibit the occurrence of pyroptosis to regulate the progression of osteoarthritis,which has become a research hot spot in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the regulatory role of pyroptosis in osteoarthritis and the mechanism of exercise-mediated pyroptosis in osteoarthritis. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were searched during 1992 to 2024 with the keywords"pyroptosis,osteoarthritis,chondrocyte pyroptosis,synovial cell pyroptosis,exercise"in English and Chinese,respectively.Finally,71 relevant articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage extracellular matrix,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodeling.This condition often leads to organic lesions,bone pain,and functional impairment.(2)Pyroptosis,a distinct programmed cell death mechanism,involves cell lysis and the release of inflammatory cytokines,triggering a robust inflammatory response,and is closely related to the development of osteoarthritis.Pyroptosis can result in the release of numerous inflammatory factors,thereby activate the nuclear factor kappa-B transcription and increase pyroptosis protein production,and in turn exacerbate the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.Therefore,pyroptosis can be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.(3)Exercise has been shown to down-regulate the pyroptosis protein signaling pathway and inhibit the expression of related inflammatory factors,thereby playing a pivotal role in osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.Aerobic and anaerobic exercises can delay the pathological process of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the occurrence of pyroptosis.Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is most effective in improving osteoarthritis by inhibiting pyroptosis signaling pathways,while anaerobic exercise can have beneficial effects on osteoarthritis by improving muscle mass.

Background::Understanding the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary human deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in the context of the post-antiretroviral therapy era and HIV drug prophylaxis is essential for achieving the new target of 95-95-95-95 by 2025. This study reported the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary HIV-1 infection in Shenzhen.Methods::This is a real-world retrospective study. Eighty-seven newly diagnosed primary HIV-1-infected patients were recruited from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen. Demographic, epidemiological, diagnostic, drug resistance, and medical data were described and analyzed.Results::Overall, 96.6% (84/87) of the newly identified primary HIV-1-infected patients were male, including 88.5% (77/87) men have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 29.0 years (Q 1-Q 3: 24.0-34.0 years); of these, 85.1% (74/87) reported high-risk sexual behaviors with casual partners. The rate of condom usage was only 28.7% (25/87). The overall rate of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was 8.0% (7/87, including 4 PrEP and 3 PEP cases) around the potential exposure, although 41.4% of the patients had prior awareness of such interventions. Moreover, only 19.5% (17/87) had previously used PrEP or PEP. Of those, 58.8% (10/17) of the patients obtained drugs from the internet, and only 35.3% (6/17) reported good compliance. A total of 54.0% (47/87) of subjects were diagnosed by the HIV nucleic acid test. Acute retroviral syndrome appeared in 54.0% (47/87) of patients. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was 33.9% (19/56), including 6 (10.7%) against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 8 (14.3%) against NNRTI, and 5 (8.9%) against protease inhibitor (PI) only. Conclusions::Owing to the low utilization rate and incorrect usage of PrEP and PEP, massive efforts are needed to promote HIV-preventive strategies in the MSM population. The extremely high prevalence of TDR mutation in this population implies the need for future pretreatment drug resistance surveillance.

Objective:To investigate the application value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in the prognosis assessment of nerve function in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) after intracranial mechanical thrombectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of 43 patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction who received intra-arterial mechanical thrombotomy for recanalization admitted to Taizhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of patients were followed up by telephone at 3 months after surgery to evaluate the prognosis of neurologic outcome. Patients with mRS score 0-2 were enrolled in the good prognosis group, while those with a score of 3-6 were enrolled in the poor prognosis group. The gender, age, past history, underlying diseases, occluded arteries, atherosclerotic stenosis and bridging treatment, time from onset to reperfusion, blood flow dynamics under TCD at 1 day after thrombectomy, and National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores before and 1, 7, and 14 days after thrombectomy were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the prognostic factors of nerve function at 3 months after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ACI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the prognostic value for neurological function assessed by TCD.Results:Forty-three patients were enrolled in the final analysis, with 23 patients in the good prognosis group and 20 in the poor prognosis group. The recanalization was successfully achieved in both groups without complications. However, the hemodynamics of intracranial arteries evaluated by TCD 1 day after operation in both groups still showed partial or complete occlusion, and the hemodynamics of patients in the poor prognosis group was worse than that in the good prognosis group (poor blood flow: 40.0% vs. 0%, inadequate blood flow: 30.0% vs. 17.4%, good blood flow: 30.0% vs. 82.6%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Before thrombotomy, there was no significant difference in NIHSS score between the two groups. After thrombotomy, the NIHSS score of the two groups gradually decreased with the extension of time, but the NIHSS score at 14 days after operation of the poor prognosis group was still significantly higher than that of the good prognosis group (10.55±2.93 vs. 4.65±1.70, P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that compared with the good prognosis group, the proportion of patients with diabetes and arteriosclerosis stenosis in the poor prognosis group were significantly increased (30.0% vs. 4.3%, 45.0% vs. 17.4%, both P < 0.05), and the time from onset to reperfusion was prolonged (minutes: 385.9±96.2 vs. 294.5±95.1, P < 0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the therosclerosis stenosis [odds ratio ( OR) = 9.334, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.092-79.775, P = 0.041] and the reperfusion time ( OR = 1.016, 95% CI was 1.006-1.027, P = 0.002) were associated with prognosis of nerve function at 3 months after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ACI. ROC curve analysis suggested that the evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics by TCD might be able to predict the prognosis of neurological function in patients with ACI after 3 months of intracranial mechanical thrombectomy, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.768 (95% CI was 0.620-0.917), the sensitivity was 65.0%, the specificity was 87.0%, the positive predictive value was 82.6%, and the negative predictive value was 70.0%. Conclusion:The evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics assessed by TCD is helpful in early judging the prognosis of neurological function in patients with ACI after intracranial mechanical thrombectomy.

Objective: To survey the conduction and evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China mainland. Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey, we retrospectively reviewed the application of ECMO in children's hospital and general hospital in China mainland to summarize and analyze the categories of diseases and prognosis of children treated with ECMO therapy. Results: By December 31, 2017, a total of 23 hospitals using ECMO, including 22 tertiary referral hospitals and 1 secondary hospital, among which 16 were children′s hospitals and 7 were general hospitals. Thirty-seven ECMO equipment was available. A total of 518 patients treated with ECMO, within whom 323 (62.4%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 262 (50.6%) survived to discharge. Among 375 pediatric patients, 233 (62.1%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 186 (49.6%) survived to discharge. Among 143 newborn patients, 90 (62.9%) successfully weaned from ECMO, 76 (53.1%) survived to discharge. ECMO was applied in veno-arterial (VA) mode to 501 (96.7%) patients, veno-venous (VV) mode to 14 (2.7%) patients, and VV-VA conversion mode to 3 (0.6%) patients. Sixty-nine patients required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), including 20 newborn patients (29.0%) and 38 pediatric patients (71.0%), who were all with cardiovascular disease. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26/61), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (12/61), and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (11/61) are the most common pulmonary diseases in newborn patients; among whom, infants with PPHN had highest survival rate (10/12), followed by MAS (9/11). Among newborn patients with cardiovascular diseases, those who admitted were after surgery for congenital cardiac disease were the most common (54/82), while those with septic shock had the highest survival rate (2/3). In pediatric pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome was the most common (42/93), while plastic bronchitis was with the highest survival rate (4/4), followed by viral pneumonia (13/16). Among pediatric cardiovascular diseases, congenital cardiac defect was the most common (124/282), while fulminant myocarditis had the highest survival rate (54/77). Conclusion The application of ECMO as a rescue therapy for children with severe cardiopulmonary failure has dramatically developed in China mainland.

Objective Our purpose was to investigate the pathogenic gene mutation of a Han Chinese family with vitreous amyloidosis.Methods The 9 individuals(proband,1 affected member and 7 unaffected members) of the family were selected and their DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.The 4 exons of transthyretin(TTR) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique.The amplified products of TTR gene were sequencing by Sanger technique.We also selected 100 unrelated healthy individual as the control group.Results By DNA sequencing,a heterozygous mutation was found in 4 of the 9 subjects from the family.The transition of adenine to cytosine(AAG ＞ ACG) was detectable in exon 2 of TTR,which changed the amino acid composition at codon 35 (Lys35Thr).This mutation did not presented in control group.Conclusion The heterozygosis mutation of TTR gene Lys35Thr should be a pathogenic mutation for the family with vitreous amyloidosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of elastic strain ratio (SR) in ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) of thyroid nodule.Methods A total of 222 thyroid nodules from 216 patients were reviewed and analyzed by Logistic regression of clinical data,2D ultrasound,and SR.The odds ratios of variables in the equation were compared to assess various variables,especially of SR in the diagnosis.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the SR method,US-FNA method,and combined method were calculated.Results Three statistically significant features finally entered the Logistic regression model,followed by SR,echo,and age according to the odds ratio.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the SR method,US-FNA method and combined method were 85.4％,82.1％,83.3％ ; 91.5％,82.1％,85.6％ ; 97.6％,94.3％,95.5％ respectively.Conclusions SR＜0.5 is the most important risk factor in differential diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules from benign nodules.SR raises the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of US-FNA method and plays an important role in diagnosing thyroid nodules via US-FNA.

Objective To evaluate the value of 2D ultrasound and elastic strain ratio (SR) in diagnosis of thyroid nodule by fine needle aspiration (FNA).Methods 196 thyroid nodules were analyzed retrospectively with 2D ultrasound,elastography and FNA results,pathology results as the golden standard.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the best cut-off point of SR.The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the variables effectiveness on age,nodule echo,calcification and SR.Tried to discuss how to use SR before or after US-FNA in diagnosis of thyroid nodule.Results The SR of the malignant nodules group was significantly different from the benign nodules group,and the best cut-off point was 0.5 with sensitivity 91.7％,specificity 90.2 ％ and accuracy 90.8 ％.The Logistic analysis results were SR,age,echo,calcification according to the odds ratio.SR can screened nodules without puncture necessary before FNA,and increase the FNA sensitivity,specificity and accuracy after FNA.Conclusions SR has good application value in diagnosis thyroid malignant tumor.SR can reduce unnecessary FNA and make a supplementary diagnosis of FNA.

We report here a novel membrane transfer-based DNA detection method, in which alkaline phosphatase labeled gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probes were used as a means to amplify the detection signal. In this method, the capture probe P1, complimentary to the 3' end of target DNA, was immobilized on the chip. The multi-component AuNP probes were prepared by co-coating AuNPs with the detecting probe P2, complimentary to the 5' end of target DNA, and two biotin-labeled signal probes (T10 and T40) with different lengths. In the presence of target DNA, DNA hybridization led to the attachment of AuNPs on the chip surface where specific DNA sequences were located in a "sandwich" format. Alkaline phosphatase was then introduced to the surface via biotine-streptavidin interaction. By using BCIP/NBT alkaline phosphatase color development kit, a colorimetric DNA detection was achieved through membrane transfer. The signal on the membrane was then detected by the naked eye or an ordinary optical scanner. The method provided a detection of limit of 1 pmol/L for synthesized target DNA and 0.23 pmol/L for PCR products of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rDNA when the ratio of probes used was 9:1:1 (T10:T40:P2). The method described here has many desirable advantages including high sensitivity, simple operation, and no need of sophisticated equipment. The method can be potentially used for reliable biosensings.
Colorimetry ; methods ; DNA Probes ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Gold ; chemistry ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

OBJECTIVE:To study the apoptosis of human leukemic cells induced by Dihydroartemisinin and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Human leukemia K562 cells were treated by Dihydroartemisinin.The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assayed by MTT.Fluorescence microscopy was applied to observe the presence of apoptosis.The expression of caspase-3 was assayed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Levels of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic cytochrome C were determined using Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment with Dihydroartemisinin for 48 hours,the IC50 values of human leukemia K562 cells were 8? 10-5mol? L-1 detected at a wavelength of 570nm by MTT.Distinct morphology changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and conglomeration were observed by Hoechst33342/PI staining.RT-PCR assay showed the expression of Caspase-3.Western-blot detection showed the decrease of mitochondrial cytochrome C concentration but the positive expression of cytoplasmic cytochrome C concentration.CONCLUSION:Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human leakemic K562 cells,this may partially attributed to the promotion of the delivery of cyt-c and the activation of caspase-3.

Objective:To investigate the effect ofLeech Capsule on stability ofcarotid plaque and expression ofplatelet membrane glycoprotein in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis.Methods:203 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis which with unstable carotid plaque were divided into two groups.There were 101 patients in observation group which were treated by conventional therapy and Leech Capsule, and 102 patients in control group which were treated only by conventional therapy.Then comparison analysis ofIMT, plaque area, unstable plaque number and positive rates ofPAC-1 and CD62P were made before and after treatment with two groups.Results:After treatment, the IMT, plaque area, unstable plaque number and positive rates ofPAC-1 and CD62P in observation group were significantly lesser than those in control group.In observation group, all parameters after treatment were significantly lesser than those before treatment, but in control group there were no significant difference in IMT and positive rates ofCD62P between after treatment and before treatment.In addition, there were no obvious adverse reactions after treatment by leech capsule.Conclusion:Leech Capsule was an effective drug for stabilizing carotid plaque and depressing the level ofplatelet activation, and it had few adverse reaction.It was worth further spreading.