OBJECTIVE To study the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of polyethylene glycol-（polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid） -polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer （PELGE） -crebanine nanoparticles （PELGE-Cre-NPS） in rats. METHODS The SD rats were divided into 9 groups （1 group at each time point）， with 6 rats in each group，half male and half female. After PELGE-Cre-NPs（5 mg/kg） was injected into tail vein of rats， appropriate amounts of heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney and brain tissues were taken at 5， 15， 30， 60， 90， 120， 180， 240 and 300 min， respectively. With verapamil hydrochloride as internal standard， the content of crebanine （Cre） in each tissue was determined by HPLC， and the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the drug-time curve （AUC0－）t and mean retention time （MRT0－）t were calculated.RESULTS At 5-90 min after medication， the content of Cre in each tissue of rats from large to small was lung， kidney， spleen， liver， brain and heart； at 120-300 min after medication， the sequence was lung， spleen， kidney， liver， brain and heart. AUC0－t of Cre in heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney and brain were （18.86±1.66）， （43.36±4.99）， （51.36±5.34）， （81.86±12.34）， （53.31±3.19） and （27.73±4.76） mg·h/L， respectively. MRT0－t of Cre were （1.94±0.12）， （1.97±1.02）， （1.98±1.23）， （1.89±0.21）， （1.88± 0.06）， （1.85±0.19） h， respectively. CONCLUSIONS PELGE-Cre-NPs mainly distribute in lung tissue， but less in heart tissue， and the elimination of PELGE-Cre-NPs in heart， lung and liver tissue is slow.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a neonate with Pierre-Robin sequence. METHODS: The child was subjected to chromosomal karyotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array)-based comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. RESULTS: The child has featured microgthnia, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction, mandible dehiscence and short neck. He was found to have a karyotype of 46,XY,der(4)add(4)(q34). Her mother's karyotype was determined as 46,XX,t(1;4)(q43;q34), while his father was 46,XY. SNP-array analysis suggested the child to be arr [hg19] 1q42.2q44 (232 527 958-249 202 755)× 3; 4q34.3q35.2 (168 236 901-190 880 409)× 1. The result of SNP-array for both parents was normal. FISH analysis confirmed that his mother has carried a balanced t(1;4)(q42;34) translocation. The aberrant chromosome 4 in the child has derived from his mother's translocation, which gave rise to partial 1q trisomy and 4q monosomy. CONCLUSION The 1q42.2q44 duplication and 4q34.3q35.2 deletion of the child probably underlay his abnormal phenotype of Pierre-Robin sequence.
Child ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Monosomy ; Pierre Robin Syndrome/genetics* ; Translocation, Genetic ; Trisomy/genetics*

Turnner syndrome is a common sex chromosome disorder. We reported a rare case with Turnner syndrome caused by abnormal number and structure of sex chromosomes. Hereby fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and copy number variation by whole genome low depth sequencing (CNV-seq) were used to clarify the abnormal chromosome. This study provides a diagnostic strategy for clinicians and genetic researchers.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of CT angiography of pediatric complex congenital heart disease by using low radiation dose and low isotonic contrast agent dose combined with iDose⁴ iterative reconstruction technique. Methods: Prospectively, a total of 57 continuous patients with suspected congenital heart disease under or equal to 2 years old in our hospital between Mar 2016 and Jan 2017 were divided into 2 groups according to the reservation number. " double low" group included 32 patients using 80 kVp, 80 mAs, Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) and iDose⁴ - 4iterative reconstruction algorithm; routine group included 25 patients using 100 kVp, 100 mAs, Iopromide (370 mg I/ml) and filtered back projection algorithm. Individualized injections were taken on the weight of children and the iodine intake was calculated. CT values of left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, ascending and descending aorta at the level of tracheal bifurcation, midpoint of aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary artery, pectoralis major and erector spinae on both sides as well as background noise at the level of aortic arch were measured, and signal to noise ratios (SNR) and contrast to noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. The quality of all images was evaluated subjectively. Scan length (L), volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol) and dose-length-product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (E) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) were calculated. The diagnostic coincidence rates for CTA examinations of these two groups were calculated and compared with the surgery or cardiac catheterization examination called the " gold standard" . Results: The iodine intake of " double low" group and routine group was (2.53±1.09) and (3.46±1.29)g, respectively, with statistically significant difference (t=2.976, P<0.05). No statistically significant difference existed in CT value of heart cavities, large blood vessels or CT value of muscles, background noise, SNR, CNR at the level of aortic arch or subjective evaluation for image quality between the two groups (P>0.05). The consistency of subjective evaluation for image quality of the two groups was good(Kappa=0.55, 0.76). Compared with routine group, CTDI_vol, SSDE, DLP, E of double low group descended by 57.19%, 56.71%, 56.74%, 53.33% respectively (t=54.107, 28.269, 15.338, 11.441, P<0.05). The diagnostic coincidence rates of the two groups were 96.6% and 97.1% respectively (P>0.05). Conclusions: Using 80 kVp, 80 mAs and Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) combined with iDose⁴ iterative reconstruction technique for CT angiography of pediatric complex congenital heart disease, the image quality could meet the requirements for clinical diagnosis, and the radiation dose and the iodine dose of contrast agent could be lowered. Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1800016576.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic basis for a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss by using single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array), chromosomal karyotype analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

METHODSA SNP array was used for analyzing sample derived from the abortic tissue. The couple was analyzed with G-banded karyotyping and an Illumina Human CytoSNP-12 Beadchip assay. Based on the results, specific probes were designed to verify the chromosomal aberration by FISH.

RESULTSThe SNP array showed a 16.6 Mb duplication at 11q23.3-q25 and a 11 Mb deletion at 15q26.1-q26.3 in the abortic tissue. Combined with high-resolution G-banding analysis, the karyotype of the wife was verified to be 46,XX,t(11;15)(q24;q26.2). FISH analysis using probes for 11pter/11qter and 15qter confirmed that she has carried a balanced translocation, while the fetus has carried a derivative chromosome 15 derived from the maternal translocation.

CONCLUSIONSNP array can facilitate detection of balanced translocations which are difficult to be identified by conventional chromosomal karyotyping. The method does not necessitate cell culture and can well suit genetic analysis for couples with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between the characteristics of egocentric network and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) through social network analysis. Methods: The study was conducted in Guangzhou city from November 2016 to June 2017 using convenient sampling method. Participants were recruited from 13 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) locations. Data were collected by using nomination generation and nomination interpretation methods. Questionnaire includes two parts, the first part about the social tie, and the second one about social demography and behavioral characteristics of respondents and their nominees. The multivariate logistic regression was applied to quantify the association. Results: 8.67%(93/1 073) HIV antibody positive MSM had been detected in 1 073 respondents who nominated 4 301 partners in total. Compared to egocentric sexual network with a size of 1-2, the size of sexual network larger than 3 (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.07-2.65) were associated with HIV infection. Compared to egocentric risk sexual network with a size of 1-2, the size of risk sexual networks larger than 3 (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.06-3.31) were associated with HIV infection. There were no significant association between marital similarity of respondents and their nominees, the type of the relationship of sexual partners and HIV prevalence (P>0.05). Conclusion The composition of social network in MSM is related to their susceptibility of HIV infection. MSM population with a large sexual network is more susceptible to HIV infection.

Aim To investigate the effect of isocorydine on arrhythmia in rats induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, myocardial ische-mia/reperfusion group, verapamil group and isoc-orydine group of 2. 5 , 5 , 10 mg · kg-1 , each group having 16 rats. Left anterior descending ( LAD ) was tied up to establish the injury model of myocardial is-chemia. ECG was recorded for analysis. The ischemic and infarction area was measured and indexes of SOD, MDA, GSH-Px in the myocardial were determined. Re-sults Isocorydine could significantly reduce the inci-dence of arrhythmia induced by ischemic/reperfusion, including VT, VF;and reduce ischemic and infarction area. Further study demonstrated that isocorydine could increase myocardial SOD and GSH-Px, but de-crease myocardial MDA. Conclusion Isocorydine has a protective effect on the myocardial ischemia/reperfu-sion injury, which might be related to its anti-oxidative function.

Objective To optimize the preparation technology ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ in situ nasal thermosensitive gel by the central composite design-response surface method.Methods In the design, the investigation factors were the amounts of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188, and the evaluation index was the gel temperature. Quadratic models were used to evaluate the mathematic relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes to identify the optimum prescription, and then the optimum prescription was verified. Results According to the quadratic models, it was found that there was reliable quantitative relation between the evaluation index and two investigation indexes, among which the optimum dosage was 19.37% for poloxamer 407 and 2.73% for poloxamer 188.Conclusion The optimum model ofCangai volatile oil dextrin inclusion compound/ nasal thermosensitive gel can be obtained from central composite design-response surface method based on quadratic models. This method is reliable and feasible, which can realize the prescription optimization of the in situ gel.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy), von willebrand factor (vWF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events among Inner Mongolians.

METHODSA survey was conducted among 2 589 Inner Mongolians from May 2002 to June 2003, and they were followed up for about ten years. The 182 individuals who developed cardio-cerebrovascular events in the cohort were defined as cases and those whose age, gender and residence 1:1 matched to cases were selected from the individuals who did not developed cardio-cerebrovascular events as controls. Then, a nested case-control study was used to analyze the relationship between Hcy, vWF and sICAM-1 and risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events. Conditonallogistic regression analysis was used to calculate OR values and 95% CI.

RESULTSThe cases had a higher baseline blood pressure, higher prevalence of hypertension and family history of hypertension compared to controls (all P values < 0.05), however, there were no significantly different between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG, smoking and drinking rates (all P values > 0.05). The M (P(25)-P(75)) of Hcy were 10.68 (7.84-14.98) and 10.02 (6.64-13.94) µmol/L, vWFs were 10.88 (8.14-14.58) and 10.42 (7.97-13.50) mg/L, sICAM-1 were 336.48 (260.68-409.87) and 335.12 (269.87-409.87) ng/ml. They were not significantly different between the two groups (Z values were 0.89, 0.94 and 0.29, respectively, all P values >0.05). After adjustment for the family history of hypertension, hypertension, TC, FPG, BMI, smoking and drinking rate, the conditional logistic regression showed that OR (95% CI) of risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events were 1.00 (0.52-1.93), 2.37 (1.25-4.49), and 0.81 (0.45-1.47) for the participants with increased Hcy, vWF, and sICAM-1, compared with those with normal Hcy, vWF, and sICAM-1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn the Inner Mongolians, increased vWF at baseline may increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events, and increased Hcy and sICAM-1 were not significantly associated with the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; von Willebrand Factor

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Embolism ; complications ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; etiology