Objective To investigate the differences in health empowerment,perceived control and experiential avoidance between patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)with type D personality and non-type D personality. Methods From January to October,2022,using the convenient sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted on 195 patients with CHD from Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University.Assessment tools in-cluded Type D Personality Scale,Chinese Version of Patient Perception Empowerment Scale(CV-PPES),Con-trol Attitudes Scale-Revised(CAS-R)and Acceptance Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ(AAQ-Ⅱ). Results A total of 185 effective questionnaires were returned,and 68 patients with type D personality.Compared with the patients with non-type D personality,the scores of negative affectivity and social inhibition were higher(|t|＞9.783,P＜0.001),the total score of CV-PPES and the scores of four dimensions(information,decision,individu-al and self-management)were lower(t＞5.843,P＜0.001),the score of CAS-R was lower(t=2.858,P=0.005),and the score of AAQ-Ⅱ was higher(t=-9.414,P＜0.001)in CHD patients with type D personality. Conclusion Compared with non-D-type patients,CHD patients with D-type personality exhibit lower levels of health empowerment and perceived control,and higher level of experiential avoidance,which may negatively impact on health behaviors.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)of memo-ry impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline(SCD)and mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Method:According to the inclusion criteria,the recruited elderly were screened and divided into three groups:normal cognition(NC),SCD and MCI group.The neuropsychological tests including mini-mental state exami-nation(MMSE),Montreal cognitive assessment-Beijing version(MOCA-BJ)and AVLT-H were completed af-ter inclusion.The scores of MMSE,MoCA-B,AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 were recorded and analyzed. Result:There were significant differences in the scores of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H among the three groups(P＜0.0167).The adjusted Bonferroni test was used to detect significant differences in post-hoc comparison.There were significant difference in MMSE and MoCA scores between SCD and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and NC(P＜0.001).However,no significant difference between MCI and SCD was found.There were sig-nificant difference in N1 score between MCI and NC(P=0.013)and between MCI and SCD(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.There were significant difference in AVLT-N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N7 scores between MCI and NC(P＜0.001)and between MCI and SCD(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference between SCD and NC.The area under the curve of MMSE,MoCA and AVLT-H scores were examined using NC group and SCD group as state variables,respectively.For differentiat-ing MCI and SCD,eAVLT-H scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N1 and N7 had the highest sensitivity.For distinguishing MCI from NC,AVLT-H and MoCA scores had a larger area under the curve with higher sensitivity and specificity,N4,N6 and N7 had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion:AVLT-H,combined with MMSE and MoCA,can improve the defining diagnostic sensitivity of MCI and SCD from normal cognition.It is recommended to routinely use AVLT-H in a routine assessment for MCI and SCD patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on sleep disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods From July 2021 to July 2023,patients with PD and sleep disorders in the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province were selected.The enrolled patients were divided into sham stimulation group(n=28)and true stimulation group(tDCS)(n=29)according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.MDS-UPDRS,PDSS and other rating scales were used to evaluate the patients.Before and after tDCS treatment,MS-11 was used for intelligent sleep monitor-ing.The baseline and improvement of sleep disorders in the two groups before and after treatment were analyzed.Results Before tDCS treatment,there was no significant difference in general conditions and scale scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in polysomnographic monitoring results between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,there was no significant difference in sleep monitoring results in the sham stimulation group(P＞0.05),while the sleep duration and sleep efficiency signifi-cantly increased,the nighttime awakening duration,nighttime awakening frequency,MDS-UPDRS-Ⅲ score,and LEDD dose significantly decreased in the true stimulation group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pharmacological treatment combined with tDCS treatment is effective for sleep disorders and motor function in patients with PD,which could increase the sleep duration and sleep efficiency of PD patients with sleep disorders to a certain extent,reduce the nighttime awakening duration and frequency,thereby improving the fatigue symp-toms during the daytime,and improving the efficacy of conventional pharmacological treatment for PD.

Unlike healthy, non-transformed cells, the proteostasis network of cancer cells is taxed to produce proteins involved in tumor development. Cancer cells have a higher dependency on molecular chaperones to maintain proteostasis. The chaperonin T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) contains eight paralogous subunits (CCT1-8), and assists the folding of as many as 10% of cytosolic proteome. TRiC is essential for the progression of some cancers, but the roles of TRiC subunits in osteosarcoma remain to be explored. Here, we show that CCT4/TRiC is significantly correlated in human osteosarcoma, and plays a critical role in osteosarcoma cell survival. We identify a compound anticarin-β that can specifically bind to and inhibit CCT4. Anticarin-β shows higher selectivity in cancer cells than in normal cells. Mechanistically, anticarin-β potently impedes CCT4-mediated STAT3 maturation. Anticarin-β displays remarkable antitumor efficacy in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models of osteosarcoma. Collectively, our data uncover a key role of CCT4 in osteosarcoma, and propose a promising treatment strategy for osteosarcoma by disrupting CCT4 and proteostasis.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious disease threatening human health. Anti-HBV treatment is an extremely important means to reduce the threat of hepatitis B. In recent years, there has been no consensus on the timing and drug selection of anti-HBV therapy. The timing and drug selection of anti-HBV therapy in various populations are discussed in this article.

Background: and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. Methods: This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. Conclusions In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

Background: and Purpose The rate of donepezil discontinuation and the underlying reasons for discontinuation in Asian patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. We aimed to determine the treatment discontinuation rates in AD patients who had newly been prescribed donepezil in routine clinical practice in Asia. Methods: This 1-year observational study involved 38 institutions in seven Asian countries, and it evaluated 398 participants aged 50–90 years with a diagnosis of probable AD and on newly prescribed donepezil monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of donepezil discontinuation over 1 year. Secondary endpoints included the reason for discontinuation,treatment duration, changes in cognitive function over the 1-year study period, and compliance as assessed using a clinician rating scale (CRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Donepezil was discontinued in 83 (20.9%) patients, most commonly due to an adverse event (43.4%). The mean treatment duration was 103.67 days in patients who discontinued. Among patients whose cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 1 year, there were no significant changes in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Trail-Making Test–Black and White scores, whereas the Clinical Dementia Rating score increased significantly (p<0.001). Treatment compliance at 1 year was 96.8% (306/316) on the CRS and 92.6±14.1% (mean±standard deviation) on the VAS. Conclusions In patients on newly prescribed donepezil, the primary reason for discontinuation was an adverse event. Cognitive assessments revealed no significant worsening at 1 year, indicating that continuous donepezil treatment contributes to the maintenance of cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of liver X receptor(LXR)-adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) signaling pathway on the free silica(SiO_2)-induced foaming of macrophages. METHODS: Human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate. The macrophages at logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into 4 groups: the cells in the control group received no treatment, the cells in the SiO_2 stimulation group were stimulated with SiO_2 suspension at a dose of 50 mg/L, and the cells in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) group were treated with ox-LDL at the dosed 50 mg/L, the cells in the combination group were simultaneously stimulated with SiO_2 suspension and ox-LDL at a dose of 50 mg/L. Cells were collected after 48 hours of culture. Macrophage foaming was observed by oil red O staining. The levels of total cholesterol(TC), free cholesterol(FC), cholesteryl ester(CE) and CE specific gravity(CE%) in macrophages were detected using a microplate reader. The expression of LXR and ABCA1 was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: The results of the oil red O staining showed that all the macrophages in the SiO_2 stimulation group, ox-LDL group and the combination group had foaming changes. The degree of foaming in the macrophages in the combination group was higher than that in the other two groups. The levels of TC, FC, CE and CE% in macrophages increased(P<0.05), and the protein relative expression of LXR and ABCA1 decreased(P<0.05), in SiO_2 stimulation group, ox-LDL group and combination group compared with the control group. The macrophages in the combination group were transformed into foam cells. The levels of TC, FC, CE and CE% in macrophages of the combination group increased(P<0.05), and the protein relative expression of LXR and ABCA1 decreased(P<0.05), compared with the SiO_2 stimulation group and the ox-LDL group. CONCLUSION:sFree SiO_2 can induce foaming of macrophages, and ox-LDL in combination with SiO_2 has a synergistic effect on the formation of foaming of macrophages.The process of macrophage foaming may be achieved by inhibiting the LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of rock salt aerosol on the development of silicosis in rats. METHODS: The specific pathogen free adult male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, rock salt control group, silicosis model group and rock salt intervention group, 18 rats in each group. Rats in the silicosis model group and the salt rock intervention group were treated with silica dust at the concentration of 2 000.0 mg/m~3 by dynamic dusting method for 3 hours daily. Rats in the rock salt control group and the rock salt intervention group inhaled the rock salt aerosols with the mass concentration of 20.0 mg/m~3 for 30 minutes daily. The normal control group was not treated with the dust or rock salt aerosol. At the time points of 14, 28 and 56 days after exposure to dust or rock salt aerosol, 6 rats were randomly selected from each group and samples were collected. The pathological change of lung was observed, the total cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was performed, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the change of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in BALF, surfactant D(SP-D) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in lung tissue. RESULTS: The results of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining showed that the inflammatory changes of lung tissue and the pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in the rock salt intervention group were less severer than that in the silicosis model group. At 14, 28, and 56 days after dust exposure, the total cell counts in BALF and SP-D levels in lung tissue of rats in silicosis model group and rock salt intervention group were higher(P<0.05), the SOD activities in lung tissue were lower(P<0.05), as well as the TGF-β levels in BALF in silicosis model group were higher(P<0.05),compared with the normal control group and rock salt control group. The total cell counts and TGF-β levels in BALF, and SP-D levels in lung tissue of rock salt intervention group were lower(P<0.05), the SOD activities in lung tissue were higher(P<0.05), compared with the silicosis model group. CONCLUSION: Rock salt aerosol intervention may delay the pathogenesis of silicosis by improving the inflammatory response, regulating oxidative stress and reducing interstitial fibrosis of lungs.

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been regarded as a new tumor biomarker in recent years, but studies on effect of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is limited. Aims: To investigate the relationship between the changes of lncRNA and clinicopathologic features, prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: LncRNA related to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients collected from TCGA data were screened by Cox analysis, and the correlation between lncRNA and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Colorectal cancer cell line stably low-expressed with LINC00327 was constructed. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect gene expression, cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell experiment. Results: There were 94 lncRNA that varied in frequency between 5% and 31%, 7 of which with mRNA expression changes (DSCR4A, DSCR8, FAM138F, LINC00161, LINC00303, LINC00313, LINC00315) were associated with low overall survival rate; 6 of which with copy number alteration (LINC00327, LINC00352, LINC00362, LINC00424, LINC00566, LINC00621) were related to tumor recurrence. The above mentioned mRNA expression change was significantly correlated with age and lymph node metastasis. Copy number alteration was closely correlated with clinical stage and vascular infiltration. The down-regulation of LINC00327 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Conclusions: LncRNA that related to the prognosis and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer patients can be used for early diagnosis, prediction of progression and analysis of prognosis of colorectal cancer. LINC00327 may be considered as a potential oncogene.