AIM:To investigate myopia status and analyze the influence factors in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 504 primary and secondary school students in Wulong district, and all students underwent myopia screen and questionnaire survey, statistics and analyses the data.RESULTS:Totally 2 431 students were participated in this study, and 1 217 students with myopia were screened out, the prevalence rate of myopia was 50.06%, awareness rate of myopia was 64.59%, glasses wearing rate of myopia was 51.85%. The prevalence of myopia increased with age and grade(P<0.05), the prevalence of myopia in male(46.97%)was lower than in female(53.18%), and the prevalence of myopia in township(47.06%)was lower than in urban area(52.11%; all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that outdoor activities were protective factor for myopia, while female, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth were risk factors for myopia.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in children and adolescent in Wulong district of Chongqing, awareness rate of myopia and glasses wearing rate of myopia were lower, and the genesis of myopia is highly relevant to outdoor activities, gender, myopic parents, near vision work, short sleep duration and sweet tooth.

Children and adults differ significantly in physiology,biochemistry and immune function,which leads to sig-nificant differences in blood transfusion strategies between children and adults.To guide the clinical transfusion practice of pediatric patients and improve the prognosis of children,the National Health Commission organized the formulation and re-lease of the health industry standard Guideline for Pediatric Transfusion(WS/T 795-2022).This paper will briefly introduce some concepts that help understand of the Standard and the preparation process of the Standard,and explain and interpret the preparation of the"scope","general provisions"and"factors to consider"of the Standard,hoping to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the Standard.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in treating perimenopausal syndrome (PMS).Method Totally 108 PMS patients of yang deficiency or yin deficiency constitution were randomized into a treatment group of 56 cases and a control group of 52 cases. The treatment group was intervened by moxibustion, while the control group was by medication. The modified Kupperman Index (KI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were observed before and after treatment for comparison.Result The KI score, HAMA score, SCL-90 total score, and SDS score were significantly changed in both groups after intervention (P<0.01,P<0.05). After treatment, the KI score, HAMA score, SCL-90 total score, and SDS score in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Moxibustion is effective in treating PMS, and it can improve the anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients.

Background:In patients with diffuse large B?cell lymphoma (DLBCL), central nervous system (CNS) relapse is uncom?mon but is nearly always fatal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for CNS relapse in DLBCL patients and to evaluate the effcacy of rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis for CNS relapse reduction. Methods:A total of 511 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated at the Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center between January 2003 and December 2012 were included in the study. Among these patients, 376 received R?CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment, and 135 received CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment. Intrathe?cal chemotherapy prophylaxis (methotrexate plus cytarabine) was administered to those who were deemed at high risk for CNS relapse. In the entire cohort and in the R?CHOP set in particular, the Kaplan–Meier method coupled with the log?rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Differences were evaluated using a two?tailed test, andP<0.05 was considered signiifcant. Results:At a median follow?up of 46months, 25 (4.9%) patients experienced CNS relapse. There was a trend of reduced occurrence of CNS relapse in patients treated with rituximab; the 3?year cumulative CNS relapse rates were 7.1% in CHOP group and 2.7% in R?CHOP group (P=0.045). Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis did not confer much beneift in terms of preventing CNS relapse. Bone involvement [hazard ratio (HR)=4.21, 95% conifdence interval (CI) 1.38–12.77], renal involvement (HR=3.85, 95% CI 1.05–14.19), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >110U/L (HR=3.59, 95% CI 1.25–10.34), serum albumin (ALB) <35g/L (HR=3.63, 95% CI 1.25–10.51), treatment with rituxi?mab (HR=0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.96), and a time to complete remission≤ 108days (HR=0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.78) were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the entire cohort. Bone involvement (HR=4.44, 95% CI 1.08–18.35), bone marrow involvement (HR=11.70, 95% CI 2.24–60.99), and renal involvement (HR=10.83, 95% CI 2.27–51.65) were independent risk factors for CNS relapse in the R?CHOP set. Conclusions:In the present study, rituximab decreased the CNS relapse rate of DLBCL, whereas intrathecal chemo?therapy prophylaxis alone was not suffcient for preventing CNS relapse. Serum levels of ALB and ALP, and the time to complete remission were new independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the patients with DLBCL. In the patients received R?CHOP regimen, a trend of increased CNS relapse was found to be associated with extranodal lesions.

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of pediatric trauma life support (PTLS) curriculum on the improvement of rescue skill for pediatric trauma patients.MethodsPTLS course was introduced to train medical staff engaging in pediatric critical trauma care. The course included theoretical and practical part with main focus on enhancement of students’ decision on scene and rescue skill.ResultsCompared with pre-training, the students’ post-training written test scores improved signiifcant-ly, and the rates of qualiifcation and excellence were improved signiifcantly (P<0.01). All students were qualiifed for the tests of skill stations and simulation scenario. The excellence rates of the tests were as follows: ifxation and transportation 42.62%, basic and advanced airway management 81.97%, shock evaluation and management 70.49%, simulation scenario 72.13%. Both pre-training and post-training written test scores in hospital group were significantly higher than those in pre-hospital group (P<0.01).ConclusionsAfter PTLS courses, the knowledge, practice and integrated life-saving skills of students are greatly im-proved and teamwork is strengthened.

BACKGROUND: Due to individual characteristics of human body, it is difficult to well match between standard prosthesis and patient skeleton. Computer-assisted design and manufacture of individualized prosthesis can effectively prolong artificial joint lifespan and quality and reduce revision rate. However, related studies are few in China.OBJECTIVE: To explore computer-assisted design for individualized femoral head prosthesis according to three-dimensional (3D)reconstruction of CT images for improving prosthesis and affected skeleton matching.METHODS: The CT scanning image of one healthy male volunteer, with no hip joint disease, was used. His femur was scanned with GE Speed Light CT with 3.0 mm thick cross-section slices. CT 2D images were transmitted to a computer. The medical image format was translated from DICOM into bmp. Inner and external bone contours were drawn automatically or by hand and processed digitally, and then these data were downloaded into 3D Mimics8.1, and Rapidform2004 software. The 3D femoral canal model was rendered. Femur canal contours curve was downloaded into the Solidworks2004 software in the form of dxf. Femoral prosthesis was designed on the base of femoral canal contours curve.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CT image was transmitted in the form of vector by a set of self-made medical image processing software. The accurate 3D femoral internal/external outline model was obtained by CT 2D image and reverse technique. Suitable femoral prosthesis was designed by means of image reverse engineering and norientation CAD. Reverse engineering and CAD provide an effective way to develop individualized prosthesis, improve the matching of prosthesis and affected skeleton, prevent prosthesis loosening and improve long-term stability.

0.05).CONCLUSIONS G1896A Variation principally distributes in HBeAg(-) group that expressed low level HBV DNA.A1762T Variation and HBeAg(+) haven′t obvious correlation.YMDD variation principally distributes in HBeAg(+) group that expressed high lever HBV DNA.YMDD variation initiates acute damage of liver cell.The variation of G1896A or A1762T may contribute to progressive damage of chronic liver disease.