It is believed that the endoscopic manifestations of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome （IC/BPS） such as extensive bleeding and Hunner's ulcers as well as its recurrent and prolonged condition are in line with the characteristics of sores and ulcers in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the treatment can be referred to TCM theory of sores and ulcers. The mechanism of IC/BPS is characterized by root deficiency and branch excess. The root cause is deficiency of the spleen and kidney qi， while the manifesting factors are dampness-heat and blood stasis. The treatment is based on the principles of promoting and supplementing， combining with resolving therapy， so that the symptoms could be relieved by promoting blood circulation and clearing heat， unblocking the collaterals and relieve pain. In clinical practice， modified Neituo Shengji Powder （内托生肌散） was commonly used to boost qi and invigorate blood， expel swollen sore and express toxin； combining with Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤） or Suoquan Pill （缩泉丸） based on specific symptoms to strengthen the spleen and kidneys， thereby reinforcing healthy qi； according to concurrent symptoms like blood stasis， dampness heat， prescription with Sanleng （Cyperus rotundus）， Ezhu （Curcuma aromatica Salisb） to invigorate blood and dissolve stasis， or Yiyiren （Coix lacryma-jobi）， Zexie （Alisma plantago-aquatica） to clear heat and drain dampness.

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition that substantially degrades patient quality of life. Acupuncture is recognized as an effective therapeutic approach for various urological diseases. However, there is limited evidence validating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for OABs. Objective: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture for OAB and to investigate the potential mechanisms by analyzing its effects on relevant urinary biomarkers. Methods: This is a randomized, participants and outcome assessors blinded, sham acupuncture controlled trial. A total of 110 patients with OABs will be randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio between the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. Participants in the acupuncture group will undergo 30-min authentic acupuncture, while their counterparts in the sham acupuncture group will undergo sham acupuncture needling non-acupoints superficially three times weekly for a duration of 8 weeks. The two co-primary outcomes will be the change in the mean number of micturitions per 24 h from baseline to the end of the 8-week treatment and 20-week follow-up. The secondary outcomes will encompass the change in Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form, and average 24 h values of urgency, daytime micturition, nocturia, and mean volume voided per micturition from baseline to weeks 8 and 20. Urinary nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels will be measured at baseline and week 8. Adverse events will also be documented. Discussion The results of this trial will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the management of OAB.

Objective To explore the impact of predictive nursing intervention under the guidance of the"5S"management model on the rehabilitation effect and pulmonary infection rate of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients.Methods A total of 120 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who were treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Patients were divided into a predictive nursing intervention group and a conventional nursing group using a random number table method,with 60 patients in each group.The routine nursing group received routine care,while the predictive nursing intervention group received predictive nursing intervention guided by the"5S"management model.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used to evaluate the patient's neurological function.The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients.The differences of mRS and MMSE scores between two groups of patients with different nursing interventions were compared,and the incidence of complications,hospital stay,and disability rate were recorded between both groups.Results After the intervention,the cognitive function score of the predictive nursing intervention group was significantly higher than before the intervention,while the neurological function score was significantly lower than before the intervention.After intervention,the cognitive function score of the predictive nursing intervention group was significantly higher than that of the conventional nursing group(28.02±2.03 vs.24.57±2.25,P＜0.05).The neurological function score was significantly lower than that of the conventional nursing group(1.55±0.67 vs.2.20±0.48,P＜0.05).The hospitalization time and disability rate in the predictive nursing intervention group were significantly lower than those in the conventional nursing group[hospitalization time(days):14.94±6.02 vs.25.33±7.03,disability rate:8.33%(5/60)vs.23.33%(14/60),both P＜0.05].The incidence of pressure injury,lung infection,and urinary system infection was significantly lower than that of the conventional nursing group[pressure injury:1.67%(1/60)vs.10.00%(6/60),lung infection:1.67%(1/60)vs.11.67%(7/60),urinary system infection:0%(0/60)vs.6.67%(4/60),all P＜0.05].Conclusions Under the guidance of the"5S"management model,predictive nursing can significantly improve postoperative cognitive and neurological dysfunction in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,reduce disability rates,shorten hospital stay,and reduce the incidence of complications such as pulmonary infections.It has good clinical application prospects.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) on arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Ten rats were randomly selected as the blank group, and the remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with 15 rats in each group. Before modeling, rats in the EA group received one session of EA intervention at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min; the other groups were treated with the same grasping and anesthesia for 30 min without intervention. PowerLab physiological recorder was used to record electrocardiograph within 30 min of infarction. After the experiment, cardiac tissue and serum were collected from rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue in the ventricular infarction area of rats in each group. The expression of Cx43 protein in the myocardium of each group was detected by Western blotting (WB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue and the serum content of endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) in rats. Results: There was no statistical difference in arrhythmia score between the EA group and the model group, but the total duration and average duration of arrhythmia in the EA group were decreased (P<0.01). HE staining showed that compared with the blank group, myocardial cells in the model group were disorganized and seriously damaged. The pathological changes in the EA group were similar to those in the model group, but the damage was relatively minor. The results of WB showed that compared with the blank group, the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue of the model group was decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Cx43 expression in the EA group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the blank group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the EA group was increased (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that compared with the blank group, the serum EDLF content in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the EDLF content in the EA group was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Neiguan (PC6) can delay and reduce the onset of arrhythmia during myocardial infarction in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue, improvement of the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue, and increase in the content of serum EDLF.

Objective:Using clotrimazole vaginal tablet as a positive control, to evaluate the results of clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository in the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis in terms of efficacy, patient satisfaction, side effects, and recurrence rate.Methods:This study was jointly conducted by 5 hospitals from August 2017 to October 2018, patients with mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis confirmed by fungal culture and symptoms scores were selected. They were randomized to experimental group and control group as 1∶1 ratio. In the experimental group ( n=105), the subjects applied clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository (150 mg) daily at night for 7 days. In the control group ( n=106), the subjects used a single dose of clotrimazole vaginal tablet (500 mg). Follow-ups were performed at (8±3) and (30±5) days after the discontinuation of the drugs, respectively. The difference in clinical symptoms and signs scores was used to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the patient′s satisfaction and side effects were recorded. Results:At the first follow-up, the experimental group and control group were followed up by fungal culture on the cure rate [66.7% (70/105) versus 63.2% (67/106), P>0.05] and total effective rate [98.1% (103/105) versus 99.1% (105/106), P>0.05], the differences were not statistically significant. At the second follow-up, the recurrence rates of the experimental group and the control group were 5.7% (4/70) and 14.9% (10/67), respectively, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). In the evaluation of patient satisfaction, the leakage of the drug in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group ( P<0.01). The side effects mainly included vaginal stimulation, itching and burning sensation, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.070, P=0.586). Conclusions:In the treatment of mild and moderate vulvovaginal candidiasis, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is no less effective than clotrimazole vaginal tablet, and there is no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two. In terms of patient satisfaction, clotrimazole vaginal expansion suppository is superior to clotrimazole vaginal tablet.

Objective: To explore the relationship between screen time and prediabetes in adolescents. Methods: A cross-section study. A total of 532 adolescents aged 12~18 years in Shandong Zibo Vocational Institute were selected by stratified sampling method. The screen time was investigated by questionnaire survey. Measuring fasting fingertip blood glucose, screening for who with potentially abnormal blood glucose, and measuring their fasting venous blood glucose, which is to determine whether it is prediabetes. Results: With the increase of screen time, the risk of prediabetes increased continuously. Compared with adolescents with those who spend 0~119 minute per day screen time, the risk of prediabetes of adolescents with an average daily screen time of 120~239, 240~317, ≥318 minute increased by 0.37%, 2.63%, and 3.57%, respectively. After multi-factor adjustment, the risk of prediabetes with who take 240~317, ≥318 minute per day screen time is still higher than who with the average daily screen time of 0~119 minute, the adjusted OR was 2.502 (95% CI 1.279-4.897), 2.337(95% CI=1.189-4.594). Conclusion The results of this study show that the longer the screen time, the higher the risk of prediabetes in adolescents, and adolescents should be encouraged to reduce screen time.

Objective: To analyze epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season, and to provide scientific evidence for developing influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods: We collected the data on reported influenza outbreaks in 2017-2018 surveillance season from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and China Public Health Emergency Management Information System and analyzed the data of laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness outbreaks by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: During the surveillance season, a total of 2 398 influenza-like illness outbreaks (with 10 or more incidences in an outbreak) in mainland China were reported, involving 87 084 patients, of which 2 323 were influenza outbreaks, involving 85 531 patients. The reported influenza-like illness outbreaks occurred most frequently from November 2017 to January 2018 in both the southern and northern regions and the highest peaks were in December 2017. During the period 1 850 influenza-like illness outbreaks (77.15%) were reported in the southern region, and 548 influenza-like illness outbreaks (22.85%) were reported in the northern region. The most of the outbreaks occurred in primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools, with a total of 2 210 reports (92.16%). And the majority of the outbreaks involved 10-29 incident cases. The dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B (1 505 outbreaks, 62.76% of all the outbreaks). Conclusion Seasonality of influenza outbreaks were observed in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season and the reported influenza outbreaks were most frequently occurred in autumn-winter season and in southern China. Primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools are high-risk places for outbreaks, and the dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B.

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of influenza?like illness outbreaks in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season, and to provide scientific evidence for developing influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods We collected the data on reported influenza outbreaks in 2017-2018 surveillance season from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and China Public Health Emergency Management Information System and analyzed the data of laboratory?confirmed influenza?like illness outbreaks by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results During the surveillance season, a total of 2 398 influenza?like illness outbreaks (with 10 or more incidences in an outbreak) in mainland China were reported, involving 87 084 patients, of which 2 323 were influenza outbreaks, involving 85 531 patients. The reported influenza?like illness outbreaks occurred most frequently from November 2017 to January 2018 in both the southern and northern regions and the highest peaks were in December 2017. During the period 1 850 influenza?like illness outbreaks (77.15%) were reported in the southern region, and 548 influenza?like illness outbreaks (22.85%) were reported in the northern region. The most of the outbreaks occurred in primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools, with a total of 2 210 reports (92.16%). And the majority of the outbreaks involved 10-29 incident cases. The dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B (1 505 outbreaks, 62.76% of all the outbreaks). Conclusion Seasonality of influenza outbreaks were observed in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season and the reported influenza outbreaks were most frequently occurred in autumn?winter season and in southern China. Primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools are high?risk places for outbreaks, and the dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B.

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of influenza?like illness outbreaks in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season, and to provide scientific evidence for developing influenza prevention and control strategies. Methods We collected the data on reported influenza outbreaks in 2017-2018 surveillance season from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and China Public Health Emergency Management Information System and analyzed the data of laboratory?confirmed influenza?like illness outbreaks by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results During the surveillance season, a total of 2 398 influenza?like illness outbreaks (with 10 or more incidences in an outbreak) in mainland China were reported, involving 87 084 patients, of which 2 323 were influenza outbreaks, involving 85 531 patients. The reported influenza?like illness outbreaks occurred most frequently from November 2017 to January 2018 in both the southern and northern regions and the highest peaks were in December 2017. During the period 1 850 influenza?like illness outbreaks (77.15%) were reported in the southern region, and 548 influenza?like illness outbreaks (22.85%) were reported in the northern region. The most of the outbreaks occurred in primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools, with a total of 2 210 reports (92.16%). And the majority of the outbreaks involved 10-29 incident cases. The dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B (1 505 outbreaks, 62.76% of all the outbreaks). Conclusion Seasonality of influenza outbreaks were observed in mainland China during 2017-2018 surveillance season and the reported influenza outbreaks were most frequently occurred in autumn?winter season and in southern China. Primary, secondary schools and nursery care schools are high?risk places for outbreaks, and the dominant isolated virus strains for the outbreaks were influenza B.

Objective To investigate the clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with glomerular IgM deposition.Methods Primary IgAN diagnosed with biopsy from January 2006 to December 2011 were recruited.Patients were divided into groups according to IgM deposition (Group A) and without IgM deposition (Group B).In addition,Group A was subdivided into two groups based on the position of IgM deposits as the mesangium (Group A1) and both mesangium and capillary wall (Group A2).Renal outcomes were defined as end stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or the doubling of baseline serum creatinine.Clinico-pathological features were retrospectively compared.Kaplan-Meier was conducted for renal outcomes,and Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic value of IgM deposition and the position of IgM deposition in the progression of nephropathy in IgAN patients.Results 939 patients were enrolled with 422 (44.9％) having IgM deposition (Group A).Of the 422 patients,382 patients were divided as Group A 1,whereas 40 patients were noted as Group A2.Compared to Group B,hemoglobin,serum protein,albumin and serum IgG levels in group A were significantly lower,and the cholesterol and serum IgM levels were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),urinary protein,blood pressure and uric acid between group A and B.In terms of pathological manifestations,patients in Group A exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis,S1,M1 and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (all P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG,C1q and Fg deposition in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (all P ＜ 0.05).By Kaplan-Meier,cumulative renal survival rate has no significant difference between Group A and B (Log-rank test x2=0.019,P=0.891).Univariate and muhivariable Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition had no significant effect on the renal progression in IgAN patients.Subgroup analysis showed that patients in Group A2 exhibited higher urine protein,creatinine and blood pressure,and lower eGFR and serum albumin,also had worse histological lesions including M1,E1 and T1-2 of Oxford classification (all P＜0.05),Immunofluorescencc showed that the proportion of IgG,C1q and Fg deposition in group A2 was significantly higher than that in group A1 (all P ＜ 0.05).By Kaplan-Meier,renal survival rates calculated from outcomes were lower in Group A2 (Log-rank test x2=1 8.207,P ＜ 0.001).In addition,IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was a risk factor for renal progression of IgAN patients with IgM deposition by a univariate Cox hazards regression mode and multivariable-adjusted Cox models (HR=3.621,95％CI 1.924-6.814,P＜ 0.001;HR=2.309,95％CI 1.176-4.533,P=0.015respectively).Conclusions The IgAN patients with IgM deposition relatively had more severe clinicopathological changes,especially those with IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall.In this study,IgM deposition was not found to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of kidney in IgAN patients.However,IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients with IgM deposition.