Objective To investigate cyclin D2(CCND2)expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)and its association with the clinicopathological features.Methods The public databases TCGA,TIMER 2.0 and UALCAN were used to explore CCND2 expression level in PTC and adjacent tissues,and its diagnostic value for PTC was analyzed using ROC curves.GO enrichment analysis of CCND2-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in PTC was performed,and tumor immune infiltration of CCND2 in thyroid cancer was analyzed using TIMER database and CIBERSORT data source.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect CCND2 expression in normal human thyroid cell line Nthy-ori-3-1 and human PTC cell lines TPC-1 and BCPAP.CCND2 expression was also detected in clinical specimens of PTC and adjacent tissues by immunohistochemistry,and its correlation with clinicopathological features of the patients were analyzed.Results Informatic analysis revealed significantly higher CCND2 mRNA expression in thyroid cancer than in the adjacent tissues(P<0.001)in close correlation with tumor stage,gender,age,pathological subtype,and lymph node involvement(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that at the cutoff value of 4.983,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CCND2 expression for PTC was 83.6%,94.9%,and 78.5%,respectively.CCND2 expression was positively correlated with B cells,CD4+T cells,and macrophages(P<0.001)and negatively with CD8+T cells(P<0.01),and also correlated with memory B-cell infiltration,CD4+T-cell memory activation,M2 macrophages,resting mast cells,and mast cell activation(P<0.05).RT-qPCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher CCND2 expression in the PTC cells than in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells(P<0.01)and also in clinical PTC tissues than in the adjacent tissues(P<0.05)in correlation with tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05).Conclusion CCND2 overexpression is closely correlated with tumor progression and immune cell infiltration in PTC patients..

Objective To investigate cyclin D2(CCND2)expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)and its association with the clinicopathological features.Methods The public databases TCGA,TIMER 2.0 and UALCAN were used to explore CCND2 expression level in PTC and adjacent tissues,and its diagnostic value for PTC was analyzed using ROC curves.GO enrichment analysis of CCND2-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in PTC was performed,and tumor immune infiltration of CCND2 in thyroid cancer was analyzed using TIMER database and CIBERSORT data source.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect CCND2 expression in normal human thyroid cell line Nthy-ori-3-1 and human PTC cell lines TPC-1 and BCPAP.CCND2 expression was also detected in clinical specimens of PTC and adjacent tissues by immunohistochemistry,and its correlation with clinicopathological features of the patients were analyzed.Results Informatic analysis revealed significantly higher CCND2 mRNA expression in thyroid cancer than in the adjacent tissues(P<0.001)in close correlation with tumor stage,gender,age,pathological subtype,and lymph node involvement(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that at the cutoff value of 4.983,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of CCND2 expression for PTC was 83.6%,94.9%,and 78.5%,respectively.CCND2 expression was positively correlated with B cells,CD4+T cells,and macrophages(P<0.001)and negatively with CD8+T cells(P<0.01),and also correlated with memory B-cell infiltration,CD4+T-cell memory activation,M2 macrophages,resting mast cells,and mast cell activation(P<0.05).RT-qPCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed significantly higher CCND2 expression in the PTC cells than in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells(P<0.01)and also in clinical PTC tissues than in the adjacent tissues(P<0.05)in correlation with tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05).Conclusion CCND2 overexpression is closely correlated with tumor progression and immune cell infiltration in PTC patients..

Objective:To investigate the role of autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by cadmium.Methods:HBMSCs were divided into 0, 2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L groups according to the exposure dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2), and each group was treated for 1 day, 4 days and (or) 7 days. The ALP activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2 and OSTERIX), autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) expression, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were detected. MHY 1485 was selected as the signaling pathway activator. The control group, CdCl 2 group (5.0 μmol/L), MHY 1485 group and CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group were set. After 7 days of treatment, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins of hBMSCs in each group were detected. Results:There was no significant difference in ALP activity between 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups on day 1 and 4 ( P>0.05); On day 7, compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the ALP activity, expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OSTERIX) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K) expression decreased in the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L group ( P<0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the staining of the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups became lighter, and the formation of ALP and mineralized nodules was reduced. Compared with the CdCl 2 group, the autophagy related protein expression in the CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group decreased, and the mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression increased. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by cadmium may be related to autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the role of autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) induced by cadmium.Methods:HBMSCs were divided into 0, 2.5 or 5.0 μmol/L groups according to the exposure dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2), and each group was treated for 1 day, 4 days and (or) 7 days. The ALP activity and mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2 and OSTERIX), autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K) expression, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were detected. MHY 1485 was selected as the signaling pathway activator. The control group, CdCl 2 group (5.0 μmol/L), MHY 1485 group and CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group were set. After 7 days of treatment, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins of hBMSCs in each group were detected. Results:There was no significant difference in ALP activity between 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups on day 1 and 4 ( P>0.05); On day 7, compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the ALP activity, expression of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, OSTERIX) and mTOR signaling pathway related proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K) expression decreased in the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L group ( P<0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the staining of the 2.5 and 5.0 μmol/L groups became lighter, and the formation of ALP and mineralized nodules was reduced. Compared with the CdCl 2 group, the autophagy related protein expression in the CdCl 2+MHY 1485 combined treatment group decreased, and the mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression increased. The difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by cadmium may be related to autophagy mediated by mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-21(miR-21)in breast cancer cell lines and serum of patients with breast cancer and the impact on the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.Methods From Jan 2013 to Feb 2014, miR-21 expression were determined by fluorescent quantity polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) in 4 breast cell lines (HBL-100, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and in serum from breast cancer patients ( n =56 ) , breast benign disease patients ( n =39 ) andhealth controls ( n =45 ) . The characteristics of cell invasion and migration were examined by transwellinvasion and migration assay afterbreast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were transfectedwith miR-21 inhibitor or negative control by lipofectamin.The t test was used to analysis the normal distribution data. Results FQ-PCR results showed that the relative expression of miR-21 in the normal breast epithelial cell line HBL-100 was 1.01 ±0.04, in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 were 1.99 ±0.11,4.02 ±0.38 and 3.73 ±0.79 respectively.Compared with the normal controls, miR-21 were highly expressed in the three breast cancer cell lines, the difference was statistically significant (t=9.01, 9.20 and 4.55, respectively, P<0.01); and the miR-21 was highly expressed in invasive and metastatic breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468),compared with weakly invasive breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 6.14 and 2.91, P<0. 05), suggesting that miR-21 is highly expressed in breast cancer cells, and is closely related to the invasion and metastasis.The relative expression of miR-21 in serum of breast cancer was 2.63 (1.57-4.59), in benign breast disease group was 1.34 (1.01-1.78), in healthy control group was 0.81 (0.52-1.59), the miR-21 expression in the serum of breast cancer patients was significantly higher than in patients with benign lesions and normal control group (U values were 208 and 279, P<0.01), whereas no significant difference in serum in patients with benign lesions and normal control group, the miR-21 expression in the serum of breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis (U=95 , P=0.19) was 3.55 (2.44-5.26), significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis [2.11(1.59-3.25), U=216,P=0.021]. The results of invasion and migration assay showed that cells treated with miR-21 inhibitor invasion was:44 ±18, the number of cell migration was:98 ±22, while the negative control treated cells after invasion was:133 ±44, migration cell number:255 ±35;miR-21 inhibitor treatment compared with the negative control, cell invasion and migration was also significantly decreased( t values were 5.46 and 9.08, P<0. 01) .The cell invasion and migration assay indicated the numbers of MDA-MB-231 cells, which invaded or migrated to lower chamber, were 44 ±18 and 98 ±22 respectively after miR-21 inhibitor was applied, The numbers of invaded or migrated cells were 133 ±44 and 255 ±35 when the negative control was applied.The ability of cell invasion and migration was decreased significantly in the inhibitor group compared with the negative group(tvalue separately was 5.46, 9.08, P<0.01).The capacity of breast cancer cell invasion and migrationwas significantly decreased after transfection ofmiR-21 inhibitor.Conclusions MiR-21 is highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer patients′serum.Altered expression of miR-21 maybeplays an important role in breast cancer invasion and migration.MiR-21 may serve as new biomarker to early detectionand prognosis estimation of breast cancer.

Objective To establish an experimental model for the study of α-particle-induced bystander effect of DNA damage and investigate the characteristics of bystander DNA double-strand break (DSB).Methods The red fluorescence fusion protein of HsBrkl-RFP was used to mark the cytoplasm of one cell line to distinguish the irradiated target cells (HFS-RFP) and the non-irradiated bystander cells (HFS) in the co-culture cellular model.After α-particle irradiation,cellular DSB and its repair kinetics were analyzed by the immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX and laser confocal microscope observation.Results A bystander studying model was established by co-culturing human HFS-RFP cells with its partner HSF cells.After 0.1 Gy or 0.2 Gy α-particle irradiation,the similar kinetics of γH2AX foci production and abatement were observed in both irradiated HFS-RFP cells and non-irradiated bystander HFS cells,in which the highest level of γH2AX foci was detected at 1 h post-irradiation.The second peak of γH2AX foci formation appeared at 8 h post-irradiation,which possibly indicates the occurrence of secondary DSB.However,the production of secondary DSB in the bystander cells was weaker than that in the irradiated cells.Conclusions The cell co-culture model can be used for bystander effect investigation.Bystander DSB can be effectively induce by irradiation and the secondary breakage of DNA DSB in the bystander cells may relative to the consequential biochemical processing of clustered DNA damage.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical characteristic and perioperative management of colonic obstruction caused by colonic carcinoma in elderly.MethodsThe clinical characteristic and perioperative management of 30 patients with colonic obstruction caused by colonic carcinoma from January 2000 to November 2010 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Among 30 cases,11 cases were accepted emergency operation,19 cases were accepted limited operation.Resection and anastomosis at stage Ⅰ was in 26 cases (86.7％),shortcut surgery and simple fistulation was in 4 cases ( 13.5％ ).ResultsThe length of stay was 22-56 days.Postoperative complication including wound infection in 5 cases,wound liquescence in 3 cases,wound dehisce in 2 cases,anastomotic fistula in 2 cases,pulmonary infection in 3 cases.Two cases died during perioperative period.Conclusions Besides diagnosis as early as possible,appropriate perioperative management should be taken to the elderly patients,including reasonable operative time and surgical approaches and these are the keys to improve clinical curative effect.

Objective To evaluate the radioprotective effect of vanillin derivative VND3207 on DNA damage induced by different LET ionizing radiation.Methods The plasmid DNA in liquid was irradiated by 60Co γ-rays, proton or 7Li heavy ion with or without VND3207.The conformation changes of plasmid DNA were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the quantification was done using gel imaging system.Results The DNA damage induced by proton and 7Li heavy ion was much more serious as compared with that by 60Co γ-rays, and the vanillin derivative VND3207 could efficiently decrease the DNA damage induced by all three types of irradiation sources, which was expressed as a significantly reduced ratio of open circular form (OC) of plasmid DNA.The radioprotective effect of VND3207 increased with the increasing of drug concentration.The protective efficiencies of 200 μmol/L VND3207 were 85.3% (t =3.70,P =0.033), 73.3% (t = 10.58, P =0.017)and 80.4% (t =8.57,P =0.008)on DNA damage induction by 50 Gy of γ-rays, proton and 7Li heavy ion, respectively.It seemed that the radioprotection of VND3207 was more effective on DNA damage induced by high LET heavy ion than that by proton.Conclusions VND3207 has a protective effect against the genotoxicity of different LET ionizing radiation, especially for γ-rays and 7 Li heavy ion.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tip60 on the cellular radiosensitivity,and to explore the related mechanism.Methods siRNA and anacardic acid (AA,an inhibitor of Tip60 acetyltransferase) were used to inhibit Tip60 expression and its acetyltransferase activity,respectively.Radiosensitivity was analyzed by colony-forming ability assay.γ-H2AX foci were detected to analyze the DNA double-strand break (DSB).Immunoprecipitation was used to determine the interaction of proteins.Results siRNA-mediated silencing of Tip60 led to enhanced sensitivity of U2OS cells at 1,2 Gy after γ-ray irradiation,but had no significant effect at 4 Gy post-irradiation ( t =3.364,3.979,P ＜ 0.05 ).γ-H2AX foci detection indicated that Tip60 silencing resulted in a decreased capability of DNA doublestrand break repair at 1,4 and 8 h after irradiation( t =3.875,3.183 and 3.175,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).The interaction of Tip60 and DNA-PKcs was prompted by ionizing radiation.Anacardic acid largely abrogated the phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at T2609 site induced by irradiation.Conclusions Tip60plays a role in the cellular response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage through,at least in part,interacting with DNA-PKcs and regulating its phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of fast-track surgery in colorectal surgery.Methods Eighty consecutive patients with colorectal cancer admitted for colorectal surgery were divided into two groups by random digits table with 40 cases each. Group A was treated with the new concept of fasttrack surgery and group B was treated with the traditional methods of operation. The time of postoperative bowel venting and defecation,hospital stay time, the rate of complication, the rate of readmission and the total cost during hospitalization were compared. Results The time of postoperative bowel venting and defecation,hospital stay time were shorter in group A [(2.7 ± 0.9), (2.9 ± 0.1 ), (5.8 ± 1.0) d,respectively]than those in group B [( 3.9 ± 0.5 ), (4.2 ± 0.3 ), ( 8.3 ± 1.2) d, respectively] and the rate of complication and the total cost during hospitalization in group A [7.5%(3/40), ( 1.83 ± 0.22) ten thousand yuan] were lower than those in group B[27.5%(11/40), (2.35 ± 0.36) ten thousand yuan](P＜ 0.05). Conclusion The new concept of fast-track surgery can accelerate recovery after colorectal resection,reduce the rate of overall complications and total cost during hospitalization.