Objective:To compare demographic characteristics,clinical characteristics,therapeutic characteris-tics and physiological indicators of patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Methods:A total of 381 patients with bipolar disorder(BD)diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 th Edi-tion(DSM-5)were selected,including 302 patients with BD-Ⅰ(79.27％),74 patients with BD-Ⅱ(19.42％)and 5 patients with other specific and related disorders(1.31％).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected with self-designed clinical information questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis were used for analysis.Results:Compared with patients with BD-Ⅱ,patients with BD-Ⅰ had more risk to have psychotic features(OR=5.75,95％CI:2.82-11.76),longer disease duration,and more repeated transcra-nial magnetic therapy(OR=3.09,95％CI:1.02-9.35),higher uric acid,total cholesterol and high-density lipo-protein.BD-Ⅰ in Han nationality was more common(OR=11.50,95％CI:1.76-75.30),and had lower education level(OR=10.22,95％CI:1.16-89.77),and less family history of psychosis(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.01-5.42).Conclusion:There are significant differences between BD-Ⅰ and BD-Ⅱ in demographic and clinical charac-teristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators,which could provide clues for exploring the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND:Numerous scholars have previously researched certain greater tuberosity fractures and the procedures used to treat them.Few researchers,however,have studied the comminuted split fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus(Liu-Gang type IV)with rotator cuff tear in great detail. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of open repair position modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchors and proximal humeral internal locking system(PHILOS)plate in the treatment of comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV). METHODS:Case data of 30 patients with comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV)from May 2012 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchor group(group A)and the PHILOS with#2 Johnson group(group B),with 15 cases in each group.Intraoperative blood loss,surgical time,and incision length of all patients were recorded.Pain visual analog scale score,Constant-Murley score,as well as shoulder joint abduction,forward flexion,external rotation,and dorsal expansion activities during the last follow-up(>1 year)were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The surgical incision length and operation time were shorter,and blood loss was less in group A than those in group B(P<0.05).(2)No significant difference in visual analog scale score and Constant-Murley score was detected between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)During the last follow-up,forward flexion in group A was better than that in group B(P<0.05).No significant difference in abduction,external rotation,and dorsal expansion was determined between group A and group B(P>0.05).(4)In terms of complications,there was 1 case of shoulder joint pain and discomfort in group A(7%),2 cases of subacromial impingement syndrome,2 cases of upward movement of nodules,and 2 cases of shoulder joint pain(40%)in group B.There were significant differences in complication rates between the two groups(P=0.031).(5)In summary,the modified calcaneal plate combined with suture anchors in the treatment of comminuted fracture of split-type greater tuberosity of humerus combined with rotator cuff tears(Liu-Gang type IV)could better restore the forward flexion function of the shoulder joint and has a small incision,less blood loss,shorter operation time and fewer complications.

Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells in the body. They carry particular miRNA, protein molecules, transcription factors, and other information molecules, and they play a role in the pathophysiological regulation of a number of diseases in the body. Exosomes can persist steadily in biological tissues and bodily fluids. Exosomes have quickly advanced in ophthalmology in recent years due to the extensive studies of exosomes in a variety of fields, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, corneal disease, glaucoma, and other diseases. The number of people who are blind caused by diabetic retinopathy is rising as living standards rise. However, it is still unclear how diabetic retinopathy works. In recent years, many studies have found that exosomes play an important role in diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, the most recent developments in exosome studies as they relate to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.

Adult ; Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Trial of Labor ; Young Adult

Objective: To assess clinical effect and safety of botulinum toxin A injection in external urethral sphincter for male patient with neurogenic detrusor underactivity(DU). Methods: A prospective and self-controlled trail was conducted from August 2012 to October 2017. Male patients with nerve injury, dysuria more than 6 months, DU(bladder contractility index less than 100) were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria included patients with acute urinary tract infection, bladder stone, benign prostate hyperplasia, urethral stricture and urethral diverticulum.100 IU BTX-A was dissolved in 4ml normal saline, and the solution of BTX- A was injected into 4 different points(3-o’clock, 6-o’clock, 9-o’clock, and 12-o’clock) in external urinary sphincter with each point of 1ml solution. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after injection. The outcomes included post void residual (PVR), maximum flow rate (Q_max), maximum detrusor pressure during voiding phases (P_det.max), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), the case number of intermittent catheterization (IC)and the score of quality of life (QOL score). Adverse events were also recorded. Results: A total of 58 male patients (all from Guangdong provincial work injury rehabilitation hospital)with mean age 28.6 years suffered from cerebral palsy (n=2), cerebrovascular accident(n=19)and spinal cord injury(n=37) were included into the study. Compared to baseline data, significant difference were observed at week 12 in PVR (56.68 ml vs. 280.11 ml, P<0.001), P_det.max(23.95 cmH₂O vs. 30.01 cmH₂O, P=0.019), Q_max(6.74 ml/s vs. 3.28 ml/s, P=0.042), MUCP(48.25 cmH₂O vs. 79.34 cmH₂O, P<0.001), the case number of IC(40 vs. 58, P<0.001) and QOL score(3.63 vs.5.22, P<0.001) respectively. 5 cases developed perineal pain and 16 cases developed mild transient haematuria. These adverse events were disappeared by medical symptomatic treatment during 3-5 days. Conclusions BTX-A externalurethral sphincter injections help reduce urethra resistance and also improve the quality of life for patients with neurogenic detrusor underactivity.

This paper aimed to investigate whether psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption by regulating CD4+T cell differentiation in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells, and elucidate its mechanism for osteoporosis. CD4+T cells were isolated from spleen cells of Balb/c mice by immunomagnetic separation method. The cells were divided into blank control group and psoralen group. The cells were cultured in 24-well plates and cultured for 3 days, and then they were collected for co-culture experiments after 4 days. Co-culture experiments were divided into RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen+RAW264.7 cell group, without psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group, psoralen treatment of CD4+T cells+RAW264.7 cell group. After 5 days of co-culture, TRAP staining was used to detect the number of osteoclasts, and after 8 days of co-culture, bone resorption was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. The expressions of RORγt, Foxp3, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T cells and osteoclast differentiation-related genes MMP-9, TRAP and Cat-K were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); ELISA kit was used to detect IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 and other cytokines levels. Our data confirmed that the psoralen significantly promoted the expression of Foxp3, TGF-β and IL-10 in CD4+T, and inhibited the expression of RORγt, IL-17 and TNF-α in CD4+T, the CD4+T cells without treatment by psoralen can significantly promote RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 to osteoclasts, and psoralen treatment of CD4+T can significantly inhibit RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Taken together, psoralen inhibits the differentiation and bone resorption of RAW264.7 into osteoclasts by promoting the development of CD4+ CD25+ Treg/Th17 balance in CD4+T cells to CD4+CD25+T.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ASCT2 gene (glutamine transporter) knock-down by shRNA on biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells.

METHODSshRNA was transfected into colorectal cancer cells Lovo and SW480 to knockdown ASCT2 mediated by Lipofectamine 2000. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression of ASCT2. MTT and transwell assay were used to determine the proliferation and invasiveness of Lovo and SW480 cells. Radioactive-tracer was used to detect the uptake of glutamine.

RESULTSASCT2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated by shRNA in Lovo and SW480 cells(P<0.01). MTT and transwell assays showed that ASCT2 knock-down could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Lovo and SW480 cells (A490) and decrease the number of invasive Lovo and SW480 cells from the membrane (both P<0.01). The number of membrane Lovo cells in shASCT group and control group was 46.3±5.9 and 197.7±9.1, respectively while the number of membrane SW480 cells in shASCT group and control group was 29.7±3.8 and 139.0±9.5, respectively. Radioactive-tracer showed that shASCT2 transfection could significantly reduce the uptake of glutamine, with an inhibition rate of 79.15% in Lovo and 67.22% in SW480 cells (both P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSASCT2 plays an oncogenic role in colonic cancer, and its promotion mechanism may be associated with glutamine metabolism. ASCT2 may be a novel therapeutic target of colonic cancer.

Amino Acid Transport System ASC ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; methods ; Glutamine ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Oncogenes ; drug effects ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Transfection

Through reviewing the relative literatures at home and abroad in recent years, the research progress in the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of Ficuspumila L.was summarized.The study situation of flavonoids, terpenoids and carbohydrates et al in Ficuspumila L.was reviewed, and such pharmacological activities as antibacterial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-tumor of Ficuspumila L.were also evaluated.The modern researches showed Ficuspumila L.could be used for the treatment of intestinal cancer, lymphoma, mammary cancer and esophagus cancer.The review provided scientific basis for the further research and clinical application of Ficuspumila L.

OBJECTIVETo prepare insulin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on polyethyleneimine-polycaprolactone- polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-polyethyleneimine pentablock copolymers and evaluate its in vitro release of insulin.

METHODSPolycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) triblock copolymer was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization method, and the pentablock copolymer was prepared by Michael addition reaction. The copolymers obtained were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and (1)H-NMR and their critical aggregation concentration (CAC) was measured by fluorescence technique with pyrene as the probe. Insulin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on the pentablock copolymers were prepared by solvent evaporation method that exploited the cationic nature of PEI-PCL-PEG-PCL-PEI to allow the formation of ionic complexes with anionic biomolecules such as insulin. The prepared nanoparticles were further characterized by Malvern laser particle sizer and transmittion electron microscopy (TEM). The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile of the nanoparticles were analyzed using Bradford method.

RESULTSUsing copolymer PEI10K-PCL4K-PEG2K-PCL4K-PEI10K as the drug carrier, the spherical nanoparticles prepared with an optimal insulin-coplymer mass ratio of 40% allowed the maximum insulin loading of (18.63∓0.07)% and had an average particle size of 175.30∓19.51 nm. The prepared nanoparticles was capable of sustained release of insulin for as long as 48 h in vitro, and the burst release could be minimized by incorporation of PEI in the triblock copolymer.

CONCLUSIONThe insulin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on the pentablock copolymers allow sustained release of insulin in vitro, and PEI can enhance sustained drug release and reduce burst drug release.

Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Liberation ; Insulin ; pharmacokinetics ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared