ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of long COVID and to investigate its main influencing factors by examining individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March and June 2022 in two communities in Shanghai, to lay the foundation for further research on the mechanism and clinical treatment of long COVID, and to provide the basis for the development of inexpensive, convenient, and feasible prevention and intervention strategies. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 6 410 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The incidence and common symptoms of long COVID were analyzed, along with their associations with demographic characteristics, medical history, and behavioral factors. A logistic regression model was used to identify the major factors associated with the development of long COVID symptoms. ResultsThe overall incidence rate of long COVID among the study population was 13.9%. The most commonly reported symptoms included fatigue (65.1%), attention disorders (23.1%), and cough (16.9%). The analysis showed that having underlying chronic diseases (OR=2.580, 95%CI: 2.165‒3.074), a history of allergies (OR=1.418, 95%CI: 1.003‒1.971), current smoking (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.013‒2.079), ever smoking (OR=2.462, 95%CI: 1.687‒3.551), a greater number of symptoms during the acute phase [1 symptom (OR=1.778, 95%CI: 1.459‒2.162), 2 symptoms (OR=2.749, 95%CI: 2.209‒3.409), ≥3 symptoms (OR=7.792, 95%CI: 6.333‒9.593)] and aggravated symptoms during the acute phase (OR=1.082, 95%CI: 1.070‒1.094) were factors associated with a higher risk of developing long COVID symptoms. Additionally, individuals who had consumed alcohol in the past year (OR=1.914, 95%CI: 1.344‒2.684) were more prone to objective long COVID symptoms. Among individuals under 50 years of age, females (OR=1.427, 95%CI: 1.052‒1.943) were more likely to develop objective long COVID symptoms. ConclusionThis study has identified the diversity of long COVID symptoms, which involve multiple organs and systems, including fatigue, attention disorders, cough, and joint pain. It has also revealed associations between long COVID and various demographic factors (e.g., age, gender), personal medical history (e.g., underlying chronic diseases, history of allergies), acute-phase characteristics (e.g., number and severity of symptoms), and behavioral factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption). These findings highlight the need for further research and ongoing surveillance of long COVID and may inform the development of more targeted health management strategies for specific populations.

By consulting the ancient and moderm literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Olibanum， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. According to the herbal textual research， the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi（《本草拾遗》） in Tang dynasty. The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family. The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia， while the modern producing areas are Somalia， Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark， which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer. It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow， granular， translucent， no impurities such as sand and bark， sticky powder and aromatic smell. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including cleansing（water flying， removing impurities）， grinding（wine grinding， rush grinding）， frying（stir-frying， rush frying， wine frying）， degreasing， vinegar processing， decoction. In modern times， the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing， stir-frying and vinegar processing. Nowadays， the commonly used specifications include raw， fried and vinegar-processed products. Among the three specifications， raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing， fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method， vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar. Based on the research results， it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B. carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum， processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas， otherwise used the raw products if the formulas without clear processing requirements.

Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease.Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 gene(SOD1)have been identified as the cause of familial ALS.Sequencing the SOD1 gene may be helpful for patients with a suspected family history of ALS.This article reports for the first time a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with SOD1-p.A5S mutation in Han Chinese and summarizes its clinical characteristics.Method and Results This is the first report on Chinese Han of ALS with SOD1-p.A5S mutation and review of relevant case literature to summarize its clinical characteristics.The study case is a 34-year-old male who was admitted to the Neurology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University with a complaint of"weakness in both lower limbs for 2 years,worsening with both hands for 6 months".The main clinical manifestations were progressive limb weakness,no swallowing difficulties or cognitive impairment.Further improvement of routine examinations and electromyography after admission were made to rule out other diagnoses,and genetic testing was conducted.Based on the patient's typical clinical manifestations and evidence of involvement of lower motor neurons in the cervical,thoracic,and lumbar spinal cord areas indicated by electromyography,other diagnoses and characteristic gene testing results were reasonably excluded,and ALS was diagnosed.The genetic testing results indicated that the patient had a heterozygous mutation in SOD1 exon 1,c.13G＞T(p.A5S),and his mother had a suspicious medical history but died without genetic verification.After discharge,the follow-up period lasted until August 21,2022,with a total of 38 months and a course of 62 months.Further review of the clinical characteristics of other patients with the same site mutation reported in the literature reveals that the progress of this patient with the mutation was slower than that of other patients with the same site mutation reported in the literature.Conclusion This study shows that gene sequencing is a powerful tool for diagnosing familial ALS.The mutation of c.13G＞T(p.A5S)in exon 1 of SOD1 is a rare pathogenic variation.The progress of patients with this subtype is slow,which further indicates that gene detection has important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of ALS.

Methods: CHB patients and healthy volunteers were enrolled from Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 21, 2018 and December 31, 2020. They were divided into three groups: healthy group, LGDHS group, and latent syndrome (LP) group. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Metabolomic profiling via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was applied to serum samples to detect differentially regulated metabolites (DMs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment were employed to explore dysregulated pathways. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilized to visualize group separation and identify key metabolites and proteins contributing to LGDHS differentiation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of key biomarkers, while logistic regression models assessed their predictive accuracy. P values were corrected for multiple tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate (FDR). Validation of potential biomarkers was conducted using independent microarray data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: A total of 150 participants were enrolled, including healthy group (n = 45), LGDHS group (n = 60), and LP group (n = 45). 254 DEPs from proteomics data and 72 DMs from metabolomic profiling were identified by PCA and OPLS-DA. DEPs were mainly enriched in immune and complement pathways, while DMs involved in amino acid and energy metabolism. The integrated analysis identified seven key biomarkers: α1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1), asparagine synthetase (ASNS), solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5), glucosidase II alpha subunit (GANAB), hexokinase 2 (HK2), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM). Microarray validation confirmed the diagnostic potential of these genes, with area under the curve (AUC) values for ROC analysis ranging from 0.536 to 0.759. Among these, ORM1, ASNS, and SLC27A5 showed significant differential ability in differentiating LGDHS patients (P = 0.016, P = 0.035, and P < 0.001, respectively), with corresponding AUC of 0.749, 0.743, and 0.759, respectively. A logistic regression model incorporating these three genes demonstrated an AUC of 0.939, indicating a high discriminatory power for LGDHS. RT-qPCR further validated the differential expression of ORM1 and SLC27A5 between LGDHS and LP groups (P = 0.011 and P = 0.034, respectively), with ASNS showing a consistent trend in expression (P = 0.928). Conclusion This study integrates multi-omics approaches to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying LGDHS in CHB. The identification of biomarkers ORM1, ASNS, and SLC27A5 offers a solid basis for the objective diagnosis of LGDHS, contributing to the standardization and modernization of TCM diagnostic practices.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the correlation between multidimensional nutritional evaluation indexes of folate and vitamin B 12 and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Methods:In this study, cross-sectional study design was used, and the elderly people aged 60 years and above were recruited from three parallel communities in Shijiazhuang City.The survey was conducted including basic information questionnaire and semi-quantified food frequency questionnaires(FFQ)in the past year.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)assessed the cognitive function.The subjects were divided into two groups of normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment according to the criteria categorized by education levels recommended by the 2018 China Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines.Serum folate, vitamin B 12 and erythrocyte folate levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, serum homocysteine concentrations were measured by circulating enzyme assay, dietary folate and vitamin B 12 intake was calculated by FFQ survey and food composition tables.Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between multidimensional nutritional indicators of folate and vitamin B 12 and mild cognitive impairment. Results:A total of 537 subjects were included in the study, involving 379(70.6%)with normal cognition and 158(29.4%)with mild cognitive impairment.Dietary vitamin B 12 intake and erythrocyte folate concentration was significantly lower in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment than in those with normal cognition[median(interguartile): 18.9(11.0, 32.9)μg/d vs.20.1(14.2, 34.8)μg/d, Z=2.010, P=0.044; median: 359.4(304.2, 413.4)μg/L vs.378.4(322.5, 433.1)μg/L, Z=2.168, P=0.031].The elderly with mild cognitive impairment had a higher prevalence of folate deficiency than those with normal cognition[17(10.8%) vs.22(5.8%), χ2=4.065, P=0.044].After adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake, the OR(95% CI)values for dietary vitamin B 12 intake and erythrocyte folate concentration in relation to mild cognitive impairment in the elderly were 0.99(0.987, 0.996)( P=0.039)and 0.98(0.974, 0.993)( P=0.021), respectively.The OR(95% CI)values for folate deficiency for mild cognitive impairment was 1.96(1.009, 3.795)( P=0.046). Conclusions:Long-term high dietary vitamin B 12 intake and better in vivo nutritional deposition of folate were negatively associated with mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly adults, whereas indicators reflecting the short-term nutritional status of folate and vitamin B 12 may be less associated with mild cognitive impairment.

Objective To construct a group psychological training for junior officers based on competency model and explore its intervention effect on competency and mental health of junior officers.Methods Delphi method was used to construct a group psychological training program for junior officers based on competency model.A total of 63 junior officers were subjected with convenience sampling during October and November 2023.According to the principle of randomized controlled experimental design,the participants were divided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=33).The experimental group was given our group psychological training program for totally 8 sessions,90～120 min per session,2 sessions per week,while the control group received no such training.Competency scale,12-item general health questionnaire(GHQ-12),Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS),and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)were used to assess the 2 groups before and at the end of intervention.Results ① The results of the 2 rounds of expert consultation showed that the total recovery rate was 100％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.87,the Kendall's coordination coefficients(ω)of the 2 rounds of expert consultation were 0.102(P＜0.001)and 0.410(P＜0.001),respectively,with a coefficients of variation of＜0.3,indicating reliable expert consultation.(2)The results of post-intervention time main effect indicated that the total score of competence(P＜0.001),extroversion score(P＜0.05)and responsibility score(P＜0.01)were significantly higher,but the total score of GHQ-12 was obviously lower in the experimental group than the control group(P＜0.001).(3)The results of post-intervention group main effects revealed that the extraversion score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01).(4)The results of the post-intervention time × group interaction displayed that the experimental group had notably higher total competency score(P＜0.01),job performance score(P＜0.05),extraversion score(P＜0.05),agreeableness score(P＜0.001)and responsibility score(P＜0.01),but lower total GHQ-12 score(P＜0.01)than the control group.Conclusion Competency-based modeling group psychological training for junior officers can significantly enhance the competency,strengthen the extroversion,agreeableness and responsibility in personality traits,and thus improve job performance for them.

Objective To explore the mediating role of personality traits and mental resilience in the relationship between competence and job performance among junior officers.Methods Competency Inventory,25-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-25),short version of the Big Five Personality Scale[Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)],and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS)were used as assessment tools to survey 586 junior officers selected by convenience sampling.Results ① For junior officers,their competence was positively and moderately correlated with job performance,openness personality,extroversion personality,agreeableness personality,responsibility personality,and total score and score for each dimension of psychological resilience(P＜0.01),and negatively and moderately correlated with neuroticism personality(P＜0.01).② Significantly mediating role was observed in personality and mental resilience for competence and job performance in junior officers,with an indirect effect of 20.68％for personality and 33.18％for mental resilience.Conclusion Personality and mental resilience mediate significantly between competence and job performance in junior officers.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the action mechanism of competence in job performance for junior officers.

Objective To explore the predictive effect of empowerment and theory of planned behavior(TPB)on the four core behaviors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)self-management,and analyze the influence path of TPB model and behavioral intention on the four core behaviors.Methods A total of 500 T2DM patients who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of three tertiary general hospitals in different provinces from December 2022 to May 2023 were selected for investigation.Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to explore the predictive effects of empowerment and TPB models on self-management behaviors.Bootstrap method was used to analyze the influence path of TPB model and behavior intention on self-management behaviors.Results Empowerment had a predictive effect on self-management behavior,which was improved after the addition of TPB,with medication R2=0.194,blood glucose monitoring R2=0.308,regular diet R2=0.337 and regular exercise R2=0.343,respectively.Mediation effect analyses revealed that attitude,subjective norm,and perceived behavioral control were observed to predict behavior intention across the four behaviors,and the three except through the behavior intention indirectly affect behavior,can also directly affect the behavior.Conclusions Empowerment can predict self-management behavior,and adding TPB to this can improve the prediction effect.Attitude,subjective norms and perceived control can indirectly or directly affect self-management behavior through behavioral intention.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Databases including PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMbase,Web of Science,Scopus,Ovid,ProQuest,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and Duxiu data were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of anti-inflammatory drugs for DN from inception to April 5,2022.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.RevMan 5.4 software were then used to perform Meta-analysis.Results A total of 29 literature and 26 RCTs involving 4 095 patients were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatment,conventional treatment combined with anti-inflammatory drugs could effectively reduce urinary albumin to creatinine ratio[SMD=-0.17,95％CI(-0.31,-0.03),P=0.02],urinary albumin excretion rate[SMD=-0.37,95％CI(-0.56,-0.18),P=0.000 1],urinary protein excretion rate[SMD=-0.97,95％CI(-1.29,-0.64),P=0.000 01],and glycosylated hemoglobin[SMD=-0.17,95％CI(-0.27,-0.08),P=0.000 4],while there was no significant difference in reducing serum creatinine[SMD=-0.04,95％CI(-0.19,0.1),P=0.57],urea nitrogen[MD=-0.23,95％CI(-0.50,0.04),P=0.09]and fasting blood glucose[SMD=-0.15,95％CI(-0.32,0.02),P=0.08].There was no statistically significant difference in changing glomerular filtration rate(GFR)[SMD=-0.04,95％CI(-0.15,0.07),P=0.47]with multiple drugs,except for a few drugs.Conclusion Conventional treatment combined with anti-inflammatory drugs can better improve the level of proteinuria in patients with DN,but the improvement of renal function is not obvious.Due to the limitations of the number of included studies and the duration of treatment,the above conclusion needs to be verified by more high-quality studies.