BACKGROUND:The accurate diagnosis of early bone metastases plays an important role in treatment and prognosis.Bone biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bone metastases,but it is difficult to implement in clinical practice because of its invasive and small specimen size.In recent years,with the continuous development of magnetic resonance imaging technology,quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and based on chemical shift encoded magnetic resonance imaging have been widely used in the diagnosis of bone metastasis.The derived markers include table signal fat fraction and proton density fat fraction.All of them could reflect the bone marrow fat content.At present,the role of bone marrow fat in the development of bone metastases has become a new focus of attention. OBJECTIVE:To review the effect of bone marrow fat on bone metastasis and the quantitative evaluation techniques of magnetic resonance imaging,to summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different magnetic resonance imaging fat quantification techniques in evaluating bone metastasis and their clinical applications. METHODS:The computer was used to search relevant literature in PubMed and CNKI database.Chinese and English search terms were"bone metastases,bone marrow adipocytes,magnetic resonance imaging,quantitative MRI,fat fraction,magnetic resonance spectrum,chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging."A total of 67 relevant articles were obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Bone marrow adipocytes can contribute to the occurrence of bone metastasis by secreting a variety of related hormones and cytokines,providing energy for tumor cells,and inducing osteoclast differentiation.(2)Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging can accurately quantify adipose tissue and measure the change of fat content in bone marrow,which is helpful for the diagnosis of bone metastasis.(3)Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can reflect different metabolites through different proton precession frequencies,so it can be used for fat quantification,and is currently used as an auxiliary test to evaluate metastatic fractures.(4)Chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging can separate water and fat signals in positive and inverse phases,so as to measure adipose tissue signals,with high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant vertebral fractures.

The chloroplast genome encodes many key proteins involved in photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, and metabolites synthesized in chloroplasts are essential for normal plant growth and development. Root-UVB (ultraviolet radiation B)-sensitive (RUS) family proteins composed of highly conserved DUF647 domain belong to chloroplast proteins. They play an important role in the regulation of various life activities such as plant morphogenesis, material transport and energy metabolism. This article summarizes the recent advances of the RUS family proteins in the growth and development of plants such as embryonic development, photomorphological construction, VB6 homeostasis, auxin transport and anther development, with the aim to facilitate further study of its molecular regulation mechanism in plant growth and development.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Biological Transport ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Embryonic Development ; Plant Development/genetics*

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of neonatal Ureaplasma parvum (Up) infection.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2023, a total of 2 890 neonates were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on 373 specimens from 157 infants, detecting Up sequences in 12 specimens from ten infants, with no detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum sequences. All ten infants with detected Up were included in a retrospective analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize the clinical characteristics of Up-infected neonates.Results:All ten Up-infected neonates were preterm infants with a gestational age of (28.3±2.6) weeks (25 +3-33 +1 weeks). Seven were delivered vaginally; eight had mothers with premature rupture of membranes; seven had mothers with elevated white blood cell counts and/or C-reactive protein levels prenatally; one had a mother with Ureaplasma Urealyticum vaginitis. All ten infants experienced clinical deterioration after initial stabilization of their underlying conditions, primarily presenting with respiratory symptoms, including decreased blood oxygen saturation, diffuse reticular changes on chest X-rays by the second day of life, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Some also had fever, decreased heart rate, poor skin perfusion, and scattered bruises, with two cases of heart failure. Despite empirical antibiotic treatment, nine infants continued to have significantly elevated white blood cell counts, with only mildly elevated or normal C-reactive protein levels. Seven developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, including four moderate to severe cases. After mNGS confirmed Up infection, all infants received macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment, with individualized treatment courses. All were discharged after recovery with a median hospital stay of 58.5 d (range 26-100 d), though three had respiratory sequelae on follow-up. Conclusions:In preterm infants, clinical deterioration after initial stabilization, primarily with respiratory symptoms and persistent leukocytosis despite routine antibiotic treatment, should raise suspicion for Up infection. And mNGS aids in definitive diagnosis, and early initiation of macrolide antibiotics can improve clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and serum-positive specific IgE (SIgE).Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 105 stable COPD patients with allergic features and completed serum SIgE testing were included, and all of them were from Capital Medical University, Beijing Tong Ren Hospital from September 2022 to October 2023. Those with at least one positive result of SIgE testing were classified as positive SIgE COPD group, and those with negative SIgE were classified as negative SIgE COPD group. There were 32 cases (30.5%) in the positive SIgE COPD group and 73 cases (69.5%) in the negative SIgE COPD group. Differences in laboratory tests, pulmonary function, chronic obstructive pulmonary symptom scores, incidence of severe acute exacerbation events in the past year, and drug therapy were compared between the two groups. The risk factors for positive SIgE COPD were analyzed, and the best predictive value for the diagnosis of positive SIgE COPD was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Results:Compared with the negative SIgE COPD group, the percentage of positive SIgE COPD group with rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis with nasal polyps, eczema, and a history of drug or food allergy were higher (all P<0.05) and the percentage of those who had quit smoking were higher ( P<0.05); the percentage of IgE above normal thresholds, the level of IgE, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS%), the count of EOS, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were higher (all P<0.05), and the percentage of those who had severe and above severe Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD (GOLD) pulmonary function classification were higher, while the percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1% predicted), 25% maximal expiratory flow (MEF 25%) and MEF 75/25% were lower, and FEV 1/FVC was higher (all P<0.05). The positive SIgE COPD group had higher modified British medical research council (mMRC) scores and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores, and a higher incidence of severe acute exacerbation events over the past year (all P<0.05), and the use of short-acting β 2 receptor agonists (SABA) or short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), theophylline and oral hormone therapy were more frequent (all P<0.05). EOS% ( OR=1.252, 95% CI: 1.039-1.508) was a risk factor for SIgE positivity in COPD ( P<0.05), and having quit smoking ( OR=0.385, 95% CI: 0.197-0.751) was a protective factor ( P<0.05). The AUC value of the ROC curve of EOS%>2.5% for the diagnosis of SIgE positivity was 0.647 (95% CI: 0.543-0.752), with a sensitivity and specificity of 52.8% and 73.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Positive SIgE COPD has sever clinical symptoms, high risk of acute exacerbation and deficiencies in treatment. The elevate of EOS% is a risk factor for the development of positive SIgE in COPD patients; positive SIgE COPD meets the diagnostic criteria for allergic COPD phenotype, and EOS% over 2.5% is suggestive of the clinical detection of allergic COPD phenotype.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and/or body position on stroke volume variation in the patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.Methods:Twenty patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy were included in the study. After routine induction of general anesthesia, all the patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg and a respiratory rate of 8-12 times/min. General anesthesia was maintained. Stroke volume (SV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were monitored with the FloTrac/Vigileo system at supine position without pneumoperitoneum (T 1), 15° head-down tilt position without pneumoperitoneum (T 2), supine position with pneumoperitoneum pressure (IAP) of 12 mmHg (T 3), 15° head-down tilt position with IAP 12 mmHg (T 4), supine position with IAP of 15 mmHg (T 5) and 15° head-down tilt position with IAP of 15 mmHg (T 6). Results:There were no significant differences in SV and SVV between T 2 and T 1 ( P>0.05). SVV was significantly increased and SV decreased at T 3-6 than at T 1 and T 2 ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SV between T 5 and T 3 and between T 6 and T 4 ( P>0.05). SVV was significantly higher at T 5 than at T 3 and at T 6 than at T 4 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Although body position has no significant impact on SVV, the carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum has a greater influence, indicating that SVV is not suitable for assessing blood volume status during laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)nuclera-enriched autosomal transcript(NEAT1)in children with retinoblastoma(Rb)and the effect of down-regulation of NEAT1 in Rb cell Y79 on cell biological function.Methods A total of 83 children with Rb who were diagnosed and treated in Huangshi Central Hospital from March 2015 to March 2021 were collected as the research object.During the same period,50 healthy children(control group)were selected in the children's health center.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of NEAT1 in serum.The differences in the expressions of NEAT1 in serum between Rb children and the control group,and the differences in the expressions of NEAT1 in serum among Rb children with different clinical indicators,were analyzed.Y79 cells were cultured and were divided into si-NEAT1 group(transfected with interference sequence of NEAT1),si-NC group(transfected with control sequence)and Ctl group(only add transfection reagent).The qRT-PCR,MTT,flow cytometry and Transwell were used to detect the NEAT1 expression,cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion.Results The expression level of NEAT1 in the serum of children with Rb(1.43±0.28)was higher than that in the control group(1.01±0.21),with significant difference(t=9.116,P＜0.001).The expression levels of NEAT1 in serum of children with Rb with Intraocular International Retinoblastoma classification(IIRC)stage CDE,poor differentiation,optic nerve infiltration and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in children with Rb with AB,medium to high differentiation,no optic nerve infiltration and lymph node metastasis,with significant differences(t=2.190～3.693,all P＜0.05).The area under the curve for diagnosing Rb based on NEAT1 expression in serum was 0.882(95％CI:0.826～0.937).When the expression level of NEAT1 was 1.20,the sensitivity and specificity were 80.00％and 79.52％,respectively.Compared with the si-NC group(1.03±0.09)and the Ctl group(1.02±0.15),the expression level of NEAT1 in the si-NEAT1 group(0.35±0.06)was decreased,with significant differences(t=14.829,9.994,all P＜0.001).The absorbance A values in the si-NEAT1 group at 24,48,72 and 96h were significantly lower than those in the si-NC group and the Ctl group(t=si-NC=2.796～4.362,tCtl=2.641～5.555,all P＜0.05),while the apoptosis rate in the si-NEAT1 group was significantly higher than those in the si-NC group and the Ctl group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.999,3.915,all P＜0.05).Compared with the si-NC group and the Ctl group,the number of migrating cells(116.50±9.35 vs 132.00±7.32,134.00±7.95)and the number of invasive cells(96.33±8.94 vs 117.67±12.39,119.17±10.05)in the si-NEAT1 group were reduced,and the differences were statistically significant(tsi-NC=3.196,3.421,tCtl=3.492,4.159,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression level of NEAT1 in the serum of children with Rb was elevated,which may have a certain diagnostic value for children with Rb.Silencing the expression of NEAT1 in Y79 cells could reduce cell proliferation,accelerate cell apoptosis,and inhibit cell migration and invasion.

To investigate the clinical role of T-cell transcription factor (TBX21) and adenylate cyclase 9 antibody (ADCY9) gene polymorphisms in the development of childhood asthma. METHODS: Two hundred Han Chinese wheezing children aged 5 years and younger in Henan region from July 2016 to January 2017 were selected as the study group, and another 100 Han Chinese healthy children aged 5 years and younger in the same period were selected as the control group. Oral mucosal exfoliated cells were collected from both groups, and the genotypes of TBX21 gene rs2240017 polymorphic locus and ADCY9 gene rs2230739 polymorphic locus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the risk level of asthma was assessed based on the test results. The children in the low-risk and high-risk groups were compared in terms of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, API positivity rate and allergic disease incidence, and the correlation between the risk level of asthma-related genetic polymorphisms and serum IgE levels, API and allergic disease incidence was analyzed. All children were followed up until 6 years of age to confirm the diagnosis of asthma, and the incidence of asthma was compared between the low-risk and high-risk groups. Children with asthma were treated with inhaled glucocorticoids and leukotriene receptor antagonists for 3 months, and the control of asthma and the impairment of lung function were compared between the low-risk and high-risk groups. RESULTS: The genotype detection results of rs2240017 polymorphic locus of TBX21 gene and rs2230739 polymorphic locus of ADCY9 gene in the study group compared with those in the control group were statistically significant (P<0.001). The percentages of CC, CT, and TT genotypes of rs2240017 polymorphic locus of TBX21 gene were 19.50%, 56.00%, and 24.50%, respectively, and the percentages of CC, CG, and GG genotypes of rs2230739 polymorphic locus of ADCY9 gene were 86.00%, 10.00%, and 4.00%, respectively, in 200 children with wheezing; serum IgE level, API positivity rate and allergic disease incidence were higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P< 0.001, <0.001, 0.021, respectively). The degree of risk of asthma-related gene polymorphisms in children with wheezing was positively correlated with serum IgE levels, API positivity, and the incidence of allergic diseases (P<0.001); the incidence of asthma (81.48%) and impaired lung function (74.07%) were higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (4.90%, 3.50%) (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the asthma control rate of children with asthma in the high-risk group (79.55%) compared with the asthma control rate of children with asthma in the low-risk group (100.00%) (P=0.433). CONCLUSION: Gene polymorphisms at rs2240017 locus of TBX21 gene and rs2230739 locus of ADCY9 gene are closely associated with asthma development and impaired lung function in children with wheezing.

Plastic bronchitis(PB)in children is a rare and serious lung disease, which is caused by a series of factors that lead to the formation of mucus-like casts in the tracheobronchial tree, resulting in local or extensive bronchial obstruction, and causing partial or total pulmonary ventilation dysfunction.The clinical manifestations vary from mild to life-threatening conditions.The disease is not easy to be diagnosed because of its atypical symptoms or rapid progress.With the continuous development of bronchoscopic technology, the detection rate of this disease has increased year by year.Due to the acute onset and rapid progress of some PB, it can cause serious airway obstruction, progressive dyspnea and respiratory failure, which can lead to death if not recognized and treated in time.Some clinical manifestations and imaging examinations lack specificity and are prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Therefore, it′s important to improve the understanding of the disease, fully grasp its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, long-term complications and risk factors, with the purpose of early identification, early diagnosis and treatment, and the improved prognosis of children with PB.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of bortezomib combined with conventional chemotherapy regimens for treatment of relapsed/refractory acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).Methods:Twenty patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL treated with bortezomib combined with chemotherapy in Jiaozuo People's Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical College, Jiaozuo Coal Industry Group Central Hospital and the Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo from September 2021 to June 2022 were collected, and their treatment response and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The median age of the 20 patients was 49.5 years old (25.0-58.5 years old); 12 were male and 8 were female; 12 were relapsed and 8 were refractory. All patients completed 1 course of bortezomib (1.6 mg/m 2, subcutaneous injection on days 2 and 16) combined with chemotherapy. Before bortezomib treatment, there were 0 case of complete remission (CR), 7 cases of partial remission (PR) and 13 cases of non-remission (NR) in 20 patients, the objective remission rate (ORR) was 35% (7/20), and all were positive for minimal residual disease (MRD). After bortezomib treatment, there were 13 cases of CR, 3 cases of PR and 4 cases of NR, and the ORR was 80% (16/20); the MRD of all patients decreased, among which 13 cases (65%) turned to negative; the differences were statistically significant when comparing CR rate, ORR and MRD negative conversion rate before and after bortezomib treatment ( χ2 values were 65.41, 8.83 and 19.30, all P < 0.05). Four of the 20 patients developed central nervous system infiltration despite bone marrow remission, and one died from post-chemotherapy infection. Myelosuppression occurred in all patients, the incidence of infection was 90% (18/20), and the incidence of digestive system adverse effects was 75% (15/20). Conclusions:Bortezomib combined with conventional chemotherapy regimens is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of relapsed/refractory ALL, and has the potential to enable patients with multi-drug resistant relapse to overcome resistance and to achieve deep remission.

This paper first summarizes the cognition and understanding of online teaching, then introduces the active design and practice of online teaching in Harbin Medical University, and fully comprehends the quality of online teaching through the feedback to teachers and students. Through the investigation, the research group found that there are problems in online teaching, including teachers' difficulty in applying the teaching platform efficiently, limited Internet speed and hardware equipment, insufficient understanding and attention of individual teachers to online teaching, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, and difficulty in carrying out experiments and practical teaching. In this regard, the research group proposed countermeasures to change online teaching concept, reform online teaching methods, improve the function of online teaching platform, and optimize online course resources in order to timely summarize the online teaching situation, improve the shortcomings and promote advanced experience, and ensure the quality of follow-up online teaching.