【Objective】 To evaluate and analyze the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on inventory of red blood cells (RBCs)in local and municipal blood stations in China, and to provide reference for the management of public health emergencies. 【Methods】 Relevant data from 2018 to 2021 were collected, and the differences in the volume of qualified RBCs, the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs, the average daily distribution of RBCs,the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood, the difference in the average storage days of RBCs at the time of distribution, the average daily inventory of RBCs and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution in 24 local and municipal blood stations in China during the COVID-19 epidemic and non-epidemic periods were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with non-epidemic periods, the volume of qualified RBCs [(117 525.979 ±52 203.175)U] and the average daily distribution of RBCs [( 156. 468 ± 70. 186) U ] increased significantly, but the usage efficiency of inventory RBCs decreased(97.24%±0.51%) significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the blood distribution rate of RBCs prepared by 400 mL whole blood(73.88%±20.30%), the average storage days of RBCs distribution(13.040 ±3.486), the average daily stock quantity of RBCs[(2 280.542 ±1 446.538) U ] and the time of the average daily inventory of RBCs to maintain the distribution[(15.062 ±7.453) d] (P>0.5). 【Conclusion】 During the COVID-19 epidemic, the inventory management of RBCs operated well, the overall inventory remained relatively stable, the stock composition and storage period showed no significant change.

【Objective】 To study the annual financial expenditure in blood stations with different scales, and to establish the regression equation between blood collection units and total expenditure. 【Methods】 The annual total expenditure, the per capita cost of serving population, as well as the collection units of whole blood and apheresis platelet of 24 blood stations were collected. The financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood was calculated.The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS statistical software. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the total annual financial expenditure of 24 blood stations showed an upward trend. The total expenditure among blood stations was different. The per capita cost of servicing population in the areas where the 24 blood stations were located had been increasing year by year. The 24 blood stations were divided into two grades according to the blood collection volume as 50 000 U, and the relationship equation between the blood collection volume and the annual total expenditure had been established. After testing, each equation was effective(P<0.05); There was no difference in the financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood among blood stations with different scales. 【Conclusion】 From 2017 to 2020, the blood stations with an annual collection volume more than 50 000 U demonstrated a higher financial expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population than those <50 000 U. The blood collection volume of blood stations is significantly correlated with the annual total expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population.

Objective: To study the effects of sex, age, length of service, type of work and annual effective radiation dose on nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation workers. Methods: The peripheral blood samples of 100 radiation workers in Henan province were collected and the NPB in peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured by CBMN assay. The frequencies of NPB formation and NPB-containing cells were calculated, and the effects of various factors on NPB incidence were analyzed statistically. Results: The NPB frequency in radiation workers was higher than that in healthy people (Z=-8.123, P<0.01). Except for sex, the factors of age, length of service, type of work and annual effective dose had significant influences on NPB (χ²= 7.202-45.571, P<0.05). Conclusions NPB reflects the effect of low-dose long-term chronic irradiation on the occupational radiation workers.

Objective To investigate a potential radiation biodosimetry based on multiple gene expressions.Methods Human peripheral blood were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at doses from 0 to 8 Gy.The mRNA expression levels of 10 selected genes were detected 6 and 12 h after irradiation by RT-PCR.Individual variation was also examined.An optimal mathematical model of the dose response of these gene expression levels at each time point was obtained by the stepwise regression method.A blind test was conducted to validate the statistical accuracy of dose estimation.Results The 10 selected genes expression levels at each time point were significantly increased along with dose from 0.5 to 8 Gy (R2 =0.61-0.97,P ＜ 0.05).Individual variations were evident in the gene expressions of TNFSF4,PHPT1 and FDXR.The gene expression levels of PCNA,CCNG1,TNFSF4,PHPT1,GADD45A and FDXR were incorporated into the model at 6 h after exposure (R2 =0.88,F =54.8,P ＜ 0.001);the gene expression levels of PCNA,CCNG1,TNFSF4,MDM2,GDF15 and TNFRSF10B were included in the model at 12 h after irradiation (R2 =0.82,F =42.767,P ＜ 0.001).These two statistical models can be utilized for the dose estimation accurately.Conclusions The multiple gene expressions have a potential as a radiation biodosimetry.

Objective To explore the influences of the final concentration and adding time of Cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B) on radiation-induced nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in cytokinesis-block assay.Methods Hunan peripheral blood samples were divided into 5 final concentration groups (group 2,4,6,8,10 μg/ml) according to different final concentrations of Cyt-B.Moreover,blood samples were divided into 4 adding time groups (group 0,28,40,44 h) according to different adding times of Cyt-B.Blood samples were irradiated with 0 (sham irradiation) and 2 Gy 60Co-rays in vitro,at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min.A cytokinesis-block assay was carried out to prepare NPB samples.The percentages of mononucleated,binucleated and multinucleated cells,as well as the frequencies of NPB and micronucleus (MN) in binucleated cells were analyzed using an optical microscope.Results Nuclear division index (NDI) and the percentages of binucleated cells increased with increased concentration of Cyt-B,and decreased with delayed adding time of Cyt-B (except group 0 h) in both final concentration groups and adding time groups.After exposed to 2 Gy,NPB frequencies were no significant difference (except group 0 h).MN frequencies had the trend of decreased with the increased concentration of Cyt-B,but no significant difference with adding time of Cyt-B.Conclusions In cytokinesis-block assay,different final concentration and adding time of Cyt-B may induce to the variation of NPB frequencies,but there was no significant difference.Appropriate increased final concentration or ahead adding time of Cyt-B can increase the percentage of binucleated cells that help to improve the efficiency of analysis.

Objective:To report one case of renal clear cell carcinoma transferred to the nasal cavity and sinuses treated by low temperature coblation assisted nasal malignant tumor resection under nasal endoscopye, and to review the associated literatures.Methods: Under nasal endoscope, the tumor was removed along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with bipolar electrocautery and coblation.The vaseline gauze was used to stop bleeding, and the tumor was completely removed.Results: The intraoperative frozen section showed a capillary hemangioma.The patient was diagnosed as metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the nasal cavity and sinuses by the results of pathology and immunohistochemical staining.The postoperative recovery was uneventful and the nasal packing was removed 3 d after operation.Conclusion: Renal clear cell carcinoma transferred to the nasal cavity and sinuses is rare;under nasal endoscope, surgical resection is a good procedure to control metastasis.

Objective To explore whether a low dose of 60Co γ-rays could induce the adaptive response in the formation of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes,and if so,the range of the priming dose.Methods Human peripheral blood samples from healthy males were collected and irradiated with 0,20,50,75,100,150 and 200 mGy (dose-rate was 25 mGy/min) of 60Co γ-rays.After 6 h,the samples were irradiated with a challenge dose of 2 Gy (dose-rate was 1 Gy/min).The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay was carried out to analyze the NPB and micronuclei (MN) formation in binucleated cells.Results Within the dose range of 0-200 mGy,the yields of NPB and MN increased with irradiation dose of γ-rays and the dose response of NPB followed with a linearquadratic equation of y =(1.5 × 10-4) x2-(5.67 × 10-3)x + 0.598 (R2 =0.893 8).Compared with the samples irradiated with 2 Gy alone,the yields of NPB and MN were significantly reduced when the samples were irradiated with a priming dose of 75-100 mGy before 2 Gy irradiation (U =2.66,2.97,3.96,5.89,P ＜0.05).The biggest decrease ratio of NPB yields approached to 43.2％ at the priming dose of 100 mGy.Conclusions Low doses in the range of 75-100 mGy of 60Co γ-rays could induce the adaptive response of NPB formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Objective To use three different methods in attempt to estimate the biological dose of the patient partially exposed to 192Ir source at5.7 accident in Nanjing,so as to provide dosimetric information for clinical remedy of exposed patients in the emergency of a nuclear accident.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected on days 5 after exposure.The biological dose was estimated by the yields of dicentrics plus rings ( dic + r),cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay and nucleoplasmic bridge plus FHC (NPB + FHC).The homogeneity of radiation exposure was examined by Poisson distribution of dicentrics.Results By using three different methods,the whole body equivalent dose was dic + r estimated to be 1.51 Gy (95％ CI 1.40-1.61),1.47 Gy (95％ CI 1.36-1.60) by CBMN and 1.30 Gy (95％ CI 1.00-1.60) by NPB + FHC,respectively.A non-poisson distribution was also detected,suggesting partial body radiation exposure.Conclusions The estimated whole body equivalent dose ot a non-uniform radiation exposure was consistent with clinical diagnosis,suggesting that the yields ofdic + r,CBMN,as well as NPB + FHC,are efficient approaches to the estimation of biological doses.

Objective To explore the natural attenuation pattern of three biological dose estimation indexes in vivo by investigating the effect on biological dosimetry of peripheral blood sampling at different time points from the victim partially exposed to 192Ir radiation source at5.7 accident in Nanjing.Methods Peripheral blood of the patient was collected on days 5,40 and 280 after exposure,respectively.The yields of dicentrics plus rings chromosomes (dic + r),cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) and nucleoplasmic bridge + fusion + horse shoe + circular(NPB + FHC) were analyzed.The dynamic reduction and dose estimation were both observed using the biomarkers mentioned above after exposure.Results Compared to the estimates on days 5 after exposure,the dose values estimated on days 40 and 280 decreased by 34％ and 49％ fordic + r method,48％ and 79％ for the CBMN assay,and 48％ and 75％ for NPN + FHC method,respectively.Conclusions Three biological dose estimation indexes show a progressive decrease in vivo,with the half-life of dic + r/cell being 40 days.The doses estimated using these three indexes on days 40 after exposure showed a relative deviation more than 20％ compared with those on days 5 after exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of CPAP therapy on sleep quality and quality of life in patients with moderate or severe OSAHS. METHOD: Seventy-two patients diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography (PSG) were assigned to receive CPAP therapy for 3 months. At baseline and three months after treatment patients underwent polysomnography (PSG). Analyze the results of PSG, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, quality of life and the general well-being. RESULT: The lowest average oxygen saturation and the average blood oxygen saturation improved significantly after CPAP therapy, and the longest sleep apnea time and AHI decreased obviously (P < 0.01). Except body pain, the other seven dimensions of SF-36 improved obviously (P < 0.01); ESS, PSQI and GWB also improved (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, CPAP therapy can obviously improve the sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, improve patients' life quality and the general well-being.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Oximetry ; Polysomnography ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; therapy