Platinum-based nanoplatforms can enhance the absorption of X-ray due to the presence of high atomic number element of platinum and are applied to computed tomography imaging.Meanwhile,platinum-based nanomaterials have good near-infrared light absorption properties and photothermal conversion efficiency,which make them capable of photothermal imaging and photoacoustic imaging.In addition,by reducing transverse and longitudinal relaxation time,platinum-based nanoplatforms can mediate MRI imaging.In this paper,we report a multimodal imaging system based on platinum-based nanoplatforms for guiding the development of cancer treatment and diagnosis platform and medical application research,and also summarize the prospects of multimodal imaging technology in cancer diagnosis and treatment,report the research progress of platinum-based nanoplatforms in improving the contrast of medical images and enhancing cancer treatment.

Objective To explore the dosimetric differences of radiotherapy plan for cervical cancer with 4 different fluence smoothing (FS) parameters using Monaco treatment planning system (Monaco TPS). Methods Fifteen patients with ⅠB2 stage cervical cancer in our hospital were enrolled in this study. And a 2 Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan for each patient were completed by Monaco 5.11 TPS according to the X-Ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) method. For each plan was optimized by FS function, with the level of Off, Low, Medium and High. To compare the difference of plan optimization time, conformity index (CI), Homogeneity index (HI), D_mean, D_min, D_2% of PTV，dose to the organ at risk (OAR)，the number of Segments# and MU#，estimated total delivery time (ETDT), quantum Efficiency (QE) of the plans, the formation of Segments# with the same angle and verification of inserting 729 two-dimensional matrix into PTW octavius 4D module of different FS function levels, with the precondition of the Prescription isodose curve covering 95% of the target area. The data was analysed by multivariate factor analysis with the application of SPSS, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. And the Planned revenue score of different FS levels was also calculated. Results Except for the D_min of PTV (the lowest value is (32.09 ± 0.26) Gy for the Off group, and the highest value is (35.98 ± 0.42) Gy for the High group), V₄₀ of the rectum (the lowest value in the Medium group is 55.88% ± 2.02%, and the highest value in the High group was 61.90% ± 2.98%) and bladder (the lowest value was 45.01% ± 2.08% in the Medium group, and the highest value is 50.45% ± 1.98% in the High group), the V₂₀ (the lowest value High group was 49.05% ± 1.98%, the highest value Off group was 56.52% ± 1.75%) of femoral head (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference of the dose assessment results for PTV and OARs in 4 different FS function levels. In the High level, the ETDT, QE and MU# were showed better than other groups evidently, however, the number of Segments# showed no significant difference. The plan validation results was increased with the improvement of FS function level, and the level of High was considered to be the optimal. To compare the score of overall benefits of the plan, the level of Medium (−17.18 ± 0.05) got the highest score, and the Low group (−17.58 ± 0.05) and the High group (−17.42 ± 0.06) have similar scores, and Off group (−18.81 ± 0.08) has the lowest score. Conclusion Different FS levels of the Monaco 5.11 TPS can optimize the radiotherapy plan for cervical cancer, but the level of Medium is considered to be the most applicable.

Objective To study the dosimetry effect of D_w and D_m middle and lower esophageal cancer in Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). Methods 30 patients with T₃N₀M₀StageⅡa middle and lower esophageal cancer were selected for experiment. For each patient, optimize the plan using dose to water (D_w) and dose to medium (D_m) dose calculation mode, then rescale prescription dose to 95% volume of PTV. Compare the difference in the two mode, conformity index (CI), Homogeneity index (HI), Mean dose (D_mean), Minimum dose (D_min), Maximum dose (D₂), Dose to Organ at risk (OAR), MU, Optimization time, photon usage, and QA results of MatriXX and Arc Check. Use SPSS for multivariate analysis. Results In the dose evaluation of the middle and lower esophageal cancer cases under different dose calculation methods, the spinal cord, trachea, V₂₀ of the whole lung, and D₂ of the liver have significant dosimetric differences, the dose value, the sequential dose results were compared as (37.92 ± 1.11)/(35.85 ± 1.08), (59.91 ± 1.43)/(60.25 ± 0.98), (22.52 ± 1.75)/(21.38 ± 2.01), (42.89 ± 0.52)/(41.73 ± 0.58). In the comparison of dose cloud distribution, the difference is mainly located in the cavity and the inner wall of the lung in the target area, the dose in the target cavity in the D_w group is higher than that in the D_m group. The dose in the inner and outer walls of the lung cavity in the D_w group are slightly adducted than that in the D_m group, especially in the central area.Dose QA of MartiXX (3%-3 mm) and Arc Check (2%-2 mm) with different dose calculation methods of 60 plans of 30 cases have all passed clinical requirements. D_m Group is better than D_w group. Conclusion It is recommended to use D_m dose calculation method for Monaco 5.11 TPS in the condition of treatment planning for middle and lower esophageal cancer.

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of endoscopic sinuvertebral nerves neurotomy for discogenic low back pain.Methods:Based on the anatomical research of sinuvertebral nerves, a total of 40 patients, including 9 males and 21 females aged 35±10 (24-55) years, with single-segment discogenic low back pain were treated with endoscopic sinuvertebral nerves neurotomy in our hospital from July 2018 to February 2019. The operating section included 4 cases of L 3,4 (10.0%, 4/40), 31 cases of L 4, 5 (77.5%, 31/40), and 5 cases of L 5S 1 (12.5%, 5/40). The preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 4.5±0.9 with the preoperative Oswestry disability index (ODI) score 49.7%±14.0%. For diagnostic nerves block, lidocaine (0.1-0.3 ml of 0.05 g/L) was successfully injected into the intersection of the lateral edge of the bilateral pedicle projection and the upper edge of the intervertebral disc projection. The initial segment of the sinuvertebral nerves was destroyed by a radiofrequency blade or a nerve dissector after bilateral percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic. All cases were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, observing the changes in VAS and ODI. Results:Filamentous lumbar sinuvertebral nerve was observed under endoscope with its main trunk tranversed into the spinal canal against the intervertebral disc. The deputy trunk crossed at the posterolateral edge of the intervertebral disc and entered the intervertebral disc or the posterior edge of the vertebral body. By moving along with postcentral branches of spinal artery, the main trunk of sinuvertebral nerve was with tension and was capable of moving with the nerve root. In spite of moving the working channel along the main trunk of the sinuvertebral nerve laterally, the starting point of the sinuvertebral nerve at the ventral ganglion could be observed. All 40 patients successfully completed the sinuvertebral nerve destruction. The VAS was reduced to 1.7±0.9, 1.3±0.9, 1.2±0.8, 1.3±0.7 at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after sugery respectively, which were significantly lower than those at pre-operation ( F=116.7, P=0.00). The improvement rate of VAS in 40 cases was 68.9%± 17.1% (33.3%-100.0%) at 12 months after operation. The VAS score in 6 cases was higher at 12 months after surgery than that preoperatively ( t=4.2, P=0.48), namely 1 case of L 3, 4, 2 cases of L 4, 5, and 3 cases of L 5S 1. In all cases, the ODI was reduced to 18.3%±5.2%, 14.5%±4.3%, 13.6%±3.7%, 12.8%±3.0% points at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery respectively, which were significantly lower than those before surgery ( F=237.7, P=0.00). The improvement rate of ODI was 72.0%±11.6% (33.3%-88.9%) at 12 months after surgery in all cases. Conclusion:The destruction of sinuvertebral nerve after transforaminal endoscope could improve the pain and function in patients with discogenic low back pain at L 3,4 and L 4, 5 segments within 12 months. For patients with discogenic low back pain at L 5S 1 segment, the clinical effects could be better within 6 months.

Currently, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been widely accepted by surgery and anesthesiology all over the world, and applied in colorectal surgery, gynecology, liver surgery, breast surgery, urology and spinal surgery. But ERAS are rarely used in the field of interventional bronchoscopy. In recent years, more and more researchers have begun to explore the application of ERAS in bronchoscopic interventional therapy. This article discussed that preoperative preparation, anesthesia, intraoperative operation, postoperative observation and other aspects can influence interventional bronchoscopy.
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Anesthesia ; methods ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Perioperative Care ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Objective To study the levels of serum cytokines in schizophrenic patients and their changes in antipsychotic medica-tion treatment .Methods The levels of serum cytokines including IL-10 ,IL-6 ,IL-13 ,IL-4 ,IFN ,TNF-α,IL-1a and IL-1RA were de-tected in 34 healthy adults and 53 schizophrenia patients by adopting the flow fluorescence method .Results The serum levels of IL-6 ,IL10 and TNF-αbefore treatment in schizophrenic patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0 .05) . After treatment ,the levels of serum IL-1a ,IL-6 and TNF-α in schizophrenic patients were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels are correlated with the disease condition of schizophrenia .IL-10 plays a role in early anti-inflammation of schizophrenia .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).

METHODSClinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site, different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively.

RESULTSImatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56(median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97% in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69% in 2-year, and 52% in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy, none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases(83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year.

CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods Clinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site , different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively. Results Imatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56 (median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97%in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69%in 2-year, and 52%in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy , none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases (83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year. Conclusions The prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Objective To evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods Clinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site , different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively. Results Imatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56 (median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97%in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69%in 2-year, and 52%in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy , none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases (83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year. Conclusions The prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Inhibition or/and induction of CYP3A4 are the major mechanisms underlying the common clinical drug-drug interactions, which has been gained attention in new drug discovery and development as well as clinical practice. Quantitative prediction of drug-drug interactions at the early stage of drug development is advantageous for reducing the cost and duration of development and providing more information for the later clinical studies. The review summarizes the update progress on quantitative prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions derived from models based on in vitro inhibition or/and induction for CYP3A4.